HIV-1协同受体CXCR4、CCR5及相关趋化因子SDF-1在胎盘的表达

目的：研究HIV-1协同受体CXCR4、CCR5及CXCR4的特异性配体SDF-1在人胎盘组织的表达，探索HIV-1子宫内垂直传播的分子机制。方法：半定量RT-PCR检测早、中、晚孕期胎盘及早孕滋养细胞CXCR4、CCR5 mRNA水平；免疫组化和免疫细胞化学检测早孕胎盘及原代培养滋养细胞CXCR4、CCR5蛋白表达；原位杂交及免疫组化分析SDF-1在早孕胎盘的表达；ELISA测定滋养细胞SDF-1的动态分泌水平。结果：各孕期胎盘表达CXCR4及CCR5 mRNA；CXCR4蛋白定位于滋养细胞，而CCR5蛋白定位于绒毛基质中。滋养细胞可转录并翻译SDF-1，且能分泌可溶性SDF-1。结论：滋养细胞同时表达CXCR4及SDF-1，SDF-1可能通过降调CXCR4而拮抗X4-HIV-1感染胎儿细胞；R5-HIV-1或许能通过滋养层裂隙感染CCR5^#基质细胞和/或Hotbauer细胞，从而发生子宫内垂直传播。     

子宫内膜及异位灶趋化因子受体转录在子宫内膜异位症发病中的作用

目的：探讨子宫内膜异位症患者在位内膜及异位灶18种趋化因子受体的转录特征，以揭示趋化因子受体及其配体在子宫内膜异位症发生发展中的作用。方法：以正常子宫内膜为对照，半定量RT-PCR检测子宫内膜异位症患者在位内膜及异位灶18种趋化因子受体mRNA的表达水平，并比较其差异。结果：与正常子宫内膜相比，子宫内膜异位症患者在位子宫内膜CCR6、CCR8、CCR9、CX3CR1表达明显升高（P＜0．05）。与在位内膜相比，异位灶CCR4、CCR8、CCR9、CXCR1表达显著升高（P＜0．05）。结论：在位子宫内膜CCR6、CCR8、CCR9、CX3CR1高表达，可能参与子宫内膜异位症的发生；异位灶CCR4、CCR8、CCR9、CXCR1高表达，可能参与子宫内膜异位症的进一步发展。     

母-胎界面趋化因子及其受体表达与作用

母-胎界面的滋养细胞、蜕膜淋巴细胞和蜕膜基质均表达多种趋化因子及其受体。滋养细胞分泌的MIP-1α募集外周血中CD56brightNK细胞至母-胎界面;蜕膜血管表达SLC,特异性趋化CD56brightNK细胞。除募集蜕膜淋巴细胞外,母-胎界面的趋化因子及其受体尚参与固有免疫应答,并调节滋养细胞侵袭、分化及胎盘形成。滋养细胞固有表达CXCR4和CCR5,HIV-1利用CXCR4或CCR5入侵胎儿细胞,导致HIV-1经子宫垂直传播。滋养细胞及蜕膜细胞分泌的IL-8在炎症相关的早产中具有重要作用。     

早孕期人滋养细胞CXCR4/CXCL12的表达及低氧对其的影响

目的：研究人早孕期滋养细胞CXCR4/CXCL12的表达情况及低氧对其表达的调节作用.方法：免疫组织化学法检测早孕期绒毛组织中及原代培养的滋养细胞CXCR4/CXCL12的表达情况;实时定量PCR检测低氧状态下滋养细胞CXCR4 mRNA水平.结果：胎盘绒毛柱、滋养细胞及血管内均有CXCR4/CXCL12表达;低氧培养12、24、48和72小时后滋养细胞CXCR4 mRNA表达增加,显著高于正常氧条件下的表达情况.结论：早孕期胎盘表达CXCR4/CXCL12对于维系正常妊娠的顺利进行可能发挥重要作用;低氧是CXCR4表达的重要调节因子,可能参与了妊娠的病理生理过程.     

趋化因子受体CX3CR1的分子结构及生物学功能

趋化因子受体 CX3CR1是一个由 10 6 5个核苷酸编码 ,35 5个氨基酸组成的功能蛋白 ,是近年来发现的除 CCR5、CXCR4、CCR2 b和 CCR3之外又一个新的与 HIV - 1感染有关的辅助受体 ,该受体某些基因的突变与HIV- 1感染的进程有密切关系。本文对该受体的分子结构、生物学特性和与疾病的相关性进行了介绍 ,以进一步了解趋化蛋白受体家族与某些疾病感染的分子机理     

趋化因子受体CCR5、CCR7、CXCR3和CXCR6在丙肝患者肝内及外周血CD4+ T淋巴细胞上的表达及其意义

目的比较趋化因子受体CCR5、CCR7、CXCR3和CXCR6在丙肝患者肝内和外周血CD4^＋T淋巴细胞表面表达水平及其意义,同时进一步了解其与肝脏组织学炎症反应的关系.方法采用荧光标记抗趋化因子受体的单克隆抗体对肝内及外周血中CD4^＋T淋巴细胞表面的趋化因子受体进行染色后,采用9色11参数流式细胞仪LSRⅡ进行检测分析.结果（1）肝内CCR5^＋、CXCR3^＋或/和CXCR6^＋的CD4^＋T淋巴细胞频数高于外周血（P＜0.001）,而CCR7^＋CD4^＋T淋巴细胞频数低于外周血（P＜0.001）;（2）肝内CCR5^＋或CXCR6^＋的活性（CD38^＋）CD4^＋T淋巴细胞频数高于外周血（P＜0.05）;（3）肝内表达2种或2种以上趋化因子受体CCR5、CXCR3和CXCR6的CD4^＋T淋巴细胞频数明显高于外周血（P＜0.001）,而不表达或仅表达一种上述趋化因子受体CD4^＋T淋巴细胞频数明显低于外周血（P＜0.001）;（3）CCR5和CXCR6在肝内CD4^＋T淋巴细胞表面的表达有中等度相关;（4）肝内组织学炎症明显组表达趋化因子受体CCR5、CXCR3或CXCR6的CD4^＋T淋巴细胞频数高于炎症轻微组.结论趋化因子受体CCR5、CXCR3和CXCR6可能介导CD4^＋T淋巴细胞向肝内迁徙定植,并参与肝脏炎症的病理免疫学反应过程.     

人早孕期滋养细胞通过表达趋化因子SDF-1募集蜕膜免疫活性细胞

目的　研究人早孕期绒毛及滋养细胞趋化因子SDF 1的表达、分泌及其对蜕膜免疫活性细胞的募集作用。方法　收集早孕期绒毛组织并检测SDF 1的定位表达 ;用ELISA分析早孕期滋养细胞培养上清液中SDF 1的浓度水平 ;分离早孕期蜕膜免疫活性细胞 ,以趋化试验研究SDF 1及滋养细胞培养上清液对蜕膜免疫活性细胞的趋化作用。结果　人早孕期滋养细胞表达并分泌SDF 1;一定浓度范围的SDF 1对蜕膜免疫活性细胞具有趋化作用 ,最大趋化指数为 3 .2 7± 0 .89;滋养细胞培养上清液亦明显趋化蜕膜免疫活性细胞 ,趋化指数为 2 .11± 0 .79。结论　人早孕期滋养细胞表达的SDF 1对蜕膜免疫活性细胞具有趋化、募集作用 ,从而有助于形成蜕膜独特的淋巴细胞群体并维持母 胎免疫耐受     

人早孕蜕膜基质细胞及免疫活性细胞趋化因子受体CXCR6的表达

目的分析人早孕期蜕膜基质细胞趋化因子配基受体对CXCL16/CXCR6的表达及免疫活性细胞趋化因子受体CXCR6的表达,以探讨CXCL16/CXCR6在蜕膜免疫活性细胞募集中的可能规律.方法收集早孕期蜕膜组织,分离蜕膜基质细胞和免疫细胞,分别采用半定量RT-PCR、免疫细胞化学、流式细胞术分析蜕膜基质细胞CXCL16和CXCR6的表达;流式细胞术分析蜕膜CD56^＋CD16^-NK细胞、CD56^＋CD16^＋NK细胞、NKT细胞、T细胞、γδT细胞、单核细胞CXCR6的表达.结果人早孕蜕膜基质细胞高水平转录趋化因子受体CXCR6,低水平转录其配体CXCL16,但CXCL16和CXCR6在蛋白水平的表达偏低.早孕蜕膜γδT细胞CXCR6阳性率为87.29%;CD14^＋单核细胞CXCR6阳性率为47.71%;NKT细胞CXCR6阳性率为44.14%;T细胞CXCR6表达率为32.91%;而蜕膜两种NK细胞（CD56^＋CD16^-、CD56^＋CD16^＋）几乎不表达CXCR6.结论人γδT细胞、单核细胞、NKT细胞、T细胞可能通过表达趋化因子受体CXCR6被募集到蜕膜局部并驻留,从而参与早孕期母胎界面的免疫调节.     

HIV/AIDS患者NK细胞趋化因子受体表达研究

目的:探讨中国HIV/AIDS患者NK细胞表面趋化因子受体CXCR4、CCR5表达情况。方法:采用流式细胞仪分析HIV/AIDS患者外周血NK细胞表面趋化因子受体CCR5和CXCR4的表达。结果:未治疗典型HIV/AIDS患者NK细胞表面趋化因子受体CXCR4和CCR5与正常对照无显著差异(P >0 0 5 ) ,HIV长期不进展者NK细胞CCR5受体低于未治疗的典型HIV/AIDS患者(P <0 0 5 ) ,与正常对照相比无显著差异(P =0 0 5 ) ;HAART治疗组NK细胞趋化因子受体CCR5表达显著低于未治疗典型HIV/AIDS患者(P <0 0 1)。结论:趋化因子受体CCR5在NK细胞上表达的变化与疾病的不同阶段密切相连,对NK趋化因子受体的检测有助于艾滋病疾病进程的研究     

趋化因子受体在人卵巢黄素化颗粒细胞中的表达

为探讨人卵巢黄素化颗粒细胞中趋化因子受体的表达,收集生殖中心接受卵母细胞胞浆单精子注射(intracellularsperm injection ICSI)治疗的妇女卵巢黄素化颗粒细胞,于体外分离培养。免疫细胞化学检测细胞纯度,RT-PCR检测颗粒细胞中趋化因子受体的转录水平,流式细胞术检测蛋白表达水平。结果显示,经过免疫细胞化学鉴定,原代培养的颗粒细胞纯度达95%以上;趋化因子受体以CXCR4转录水平最高,另外,CXCR6、CCR2、CCR6、CCR7转录水平也较高;流式细胞术检测CXCR4及CXCR6蛋白水平高表达,CCR3表达相对较低。人卵巢黄素化颗粒细胞中表达多种趋化因子受体,它们可能在卵泡液局部免疫调节、卵泡发育和卵母细胞成熟中发挥了重要的作用。     

Distinct signatures of B-cell homeostatic and activation-dependent chemokine receptors in the development and progression of extragastric MALT lymphomas

Chemokine receptors mediate migration and activation of lymphocytes through binding of their ligands. Recent studies have revealed important contributions of chemokine receptors to the development, progression, and dissemination of haematopoietic neoplasms. Because the chemokine receptor expression profile in extragastric MALT lymphoma is unknown, we performed a comprehensive study on tissue samples of parotid glands, parotid glands affected by Sjögren syndrome, extragastric MALT lymphoma, and extranodal diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (eDLBCL) originating from MALT lymphoma (transformed MALT lymphoma). By investigating the expression of 19 chemokine receptors by real‐time PCR using a semi‐quantitative approach and of four chemokine receptors (CCR1, CCR5, CXCR6, and XCR1) by immunohistochemistry, we show that the chemokine receptor expression profiles of extragastric MALT lymphomas differ substantially from those of extranodal DBLCL, with lower expression of CCR1, CCR8, and CXCR3, and the absence of expression of CX3CR1 and XCR1 in eDLBCL. Expression of CCR6, CCR7, CXCR3, CXCR4, and CXCR5, responsible for B‐cell homing to secondary lymphoid tissue, was detected in both B‐cell malignancies. Expression of CCR4 was just detected in trisomy 3‐positive MALT lymphoma cases. Comparing gastric with extragastric MALT lymphomas, up‐regulation of CXCR1 and CXCR2 accompanied by down‐regulation of CCR8 and CX3CR1 and loss of XCR1 expression in extragastric MALT lymphomas appear to be key determinants for the site of origin of MALT lymphomagenesis. Our results support a model of stepwise progression of extragastric MALT lymphoma from a non‐neoplastic event to Sjögren syndrome, to MALT lymphoma, and finally to overt eDLBCL, guided by differentially expressed B‐cell homeostatic and activation‐dependent chemokine receptors and their ligands. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Expression of functional chemokine receptors of human placental cells

PROBLEM: Chemokine receptors of placental trophoblasts possibly act as co-receptors or alternative receptors of maternal fetal infection by HIV. To clarify their possible expression and the physiological roles of chemokines on human placentae, we studied chemokine chemokine receptor expression and the effects of exogenous chemokines on choriocarcinoma cell lines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Placental samples were obtained from 13 placentae of various gestational ages. Villous tissue was mechanically dissected from samples. Trophoblasts were enriched by anti-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-coated magnetic beads. Human choriocarcinoma cell lines (JAR, BeWo, JEG-3) were maintained in RPMI 1640 media supplemented with 10% FCS. Expression of chemokine receptors was studied by RT-PCR. The effects of MIP-1alpha, RANTES, MCP-1 on hCG production were estimated by EIA. Effects of chemokines on proliferation of choriocarcinoma cell lines were examined by MTT assay. RESULTS: We observed mRNA expression of CCR-1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and CXCR-1, 2, 4 in 1st trimester placental villi, CCR-I, 2, 4 and CXCR-1, 2. 4 in 2nd trimester placental villi, CCR-1, 2, 4 and CXCR-4 in 3rd trimester placental villi. Using MACS enriched trophoblasts, we observed identical results. A choriocarcinoma cell line BeWo expressed CCR-1, 3, 4 and CXCR-1, 2, 4 while JEG-3 and JAR expressed CCR-1, 3, 4, 5 and CXCR-1, 2, 4. Expression of the CCR-5 and CXCR-4 protein in choriocarcinoma cell lines and MACS-enriched trophoblats were confirmed by flow cytometry. Chemokine MCP-3, MIP-1alpha, RANTES mRNA were expressed by the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester placental samples and the three choriocarcinoma cell lines examined. MCP-1 was expressed by 1st and 2nd trimester placental villi. Administration of chemokines up-regulated proliferation (10(-1) - 10 ng/mL) and hCG production (10(-1) - 10(-2)ng/ mL) of the three choriocarcinoma cell lines examined. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest possible roles of chemokines/chemokine receptors on placental physiology and their involvement in HIV transmission as alternative receptors.     

Expression of chemokine receptors CXCR4, CCR2, CCR5 and CX3CR1 in neural progenitor cells isolated from the subventricular zone of the adult rat brain

We have studied the expression of chemokine receptors CXCR4, CCR2, CCR5, and CX3CR1 at the mRNA and protein levels in adult neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in neurosphere cultures using RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry methods. NPCs were isolated from the subventricular zone of adult rat brain and propagated in vitro as neurospheres. The neurospheres showed immunoactivity of nestin, an intermediate filament marker for NPCs. NPCs in the neurosphere cultures differentiated into NeuN-, GFAP-, or GalC-positive cells in vitro. Using cultured cortical microglial cells as positive control, we demonstrated the mRNA expression of CXCR4, CCR2, CCR5, and CX3CR1 in neurospheres by RT-PCR. Double immunofluorescent staining further confirmed the co-localization of nestin with either CXCR4, CCR2, CCR5, or CX3CR1 on neurospheres. These results suggest that adult NPCs in the neurosphere cultures express chemokine receptors CXCR4, CCR2, CCR5, and CX3CR1.     

SDF-1/CXCR4在滋养层细胞中的表达及其在母-胎免疫耐受中的作用

目的:研究趋化因子SDF1及其配体CXCR4在滋养层细胞中的表达及其在母胎免疫耐受中的作用。方法:取早孕期的绒毛,分离纯化培养绒毛外滋层养细胞(extravilloustrophoblast,EVT),用免疫细胞化学染色法检测SDF1与CXCR4在绒毛中的表达。用流式细胞术筛选源于滋养层细胞高表达CXCR4的绒癌细胞株用于体外微孔隔离室迁移实验,以分析SDF1的趋化活性。用免疫组织化学染色法检测早孕期绒毛及足月妊娠胎盘中SDF1及CXCR4的表达。结果:在EVT中可检出SDF1和CXCR4的表达,在一定范围内,SDF1的趋化活性与其浓度呈正相关(r=0.68,P<0.01)。10μg/L的SDF1趋化作用最强,最大趋化指数CI为1.62±0.12。在早孕期的绒毛及足月胎盘中,滋养层细胞的胞膜和细胞质中均检出SDF1和CXCR4的表达,但在足月胎盘中的表达强度明显低于早孕期的绒毛组织(P<0.01)。结论:SDF1/CXCR4在妊娠中发挥着重要作用,对维系母胎免疫耐受具有重要意义。     

妊娠期uNK细胞与pNK细胞的生物学特性研究

 目的：研究妊娠期子宫NK细胞（uNK细胞）与外周血NK细胞（pNK细胞）的生物学特性，比较两者在生理学功能上的差异。方法: 用免疫磁珠(MACS)技术分离并纯化pNK细胞与uNK细胞，流式细胞仪检测其纯度， MTT法检测两者的杀伤功能与增殖活性，RT-PCR技术检测uNK细胞与pNK细胞趋化、侵袭、促血管形成等生物学活性。 结果: 通过MACS技术可得到纯度较高的NK细胞，pNK细胞对K562的杀伤活性高于uNK细胞,但其增殖活性较uNK细胞低。uNK细胞与pNK细胞均能分泌一些血源性生长因子，并能表达某些趋化因子受体, 其中PIGF 及 AngⅡ mRNA 仅在uNK cells检测到。 结论: uNK细胞的功能与pNK细胞相比具有某些独特性，这可能是由于妊娠子宫独特的微环境所致。