全容积成像在扩张型心肌病中的应用价值

目的探讨实时三维超声心动图（RT-3DE）技术评价扩张型心肌病患者左心室收缩不同步性的临床应用价值。方法选择30例扩张型心肌病患者和30例健康志愿者,采用RT-3DE技术获得左心室达到16节段、12节段和6节段的最小收缩容积时间的标准差（Tmsv16-SD、Tmsv12-SD、Tmsv6-SD）和最大差值（Tmsv16-Dif、Tmsv12-Dif、Tmsv6-Dif）,同时获得其标准化值（Tmsv16-SD%、Tmsv12-SD%、Tmsv6-SD%、Tmsv16-Dif%、Tmsv12-Dif%、Tmsv6-Dif%）。结果与正常对照组比较,扩张型心肌病患者的左心室17节段时间-容积曲线参数即标准差（Tmsv16-SD、Tmsv12-SD、Tmsv6-SD）和最大差值（Tmsv16-Dif、Tmsv12-Dif、Tmsv6-Dif）及其标准化值（Tmsv16-SD%、Tmsv12-SD%、Tmsv6-SD%、Tmsv16-Dif%、Tmsv12-Dif%、Tmsv6-Dif%）增加,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论实时三维超声心动图技术能够快速评价扩张型心肌病患者左心室收缩不同步性。     

应用实时三维超声心动图定量评价心肌梗死后左室节段收缩功能及同步性

目的:探讨实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)定量评价陈旧性心肌梗死患者左心室受累节段的收缩功能及收缩同步性的临床应用价值。方法:32例陈旧性心肌梗死患者(心梗组)和20例健康者(正常组)行实时三维超声心动图检查,3D QLAB软件对三维数据库行定量分析,检测左室各节段射血分数(REF)及同步性参数即左室16节段、12节段(6个基底段和6个中间段)、6个基底段达收缩末最小容积的时间标准差以及时间最大差值,经心动周期标化后为Tmsv16-SD%、Tmsv12-SD%、Tmsv6-SD%、Tmsv16-Dif%、Tmsv12-Dif%和Tmsv6-Dif%。结果:与正常组相应节段对照,心梗组受累节段REF显著降低,TmsvSD-16%、Tmsv-16Dif%显著增加。结论:RT-3DE可客观定量的评价心肌梗死节段的收缩功能及收缩同步性。     

实时三维超声心动图评价青、中年肥胖者左室收缩同步性

目的：探讨应用实时三维超声心动图（RT-3DE）技术评价青、中年肥胖者左室收缩同步性的早期变化及临床意义。方法：对37例肥胖者（肥胖组）和34例年龄、性别匹配的正常者（对照组）行RT-3DE检查,应用软件分析整体、17节段容积-时间曲线,比较左室收缩同步性各项参数。结果：与对照组比较,肥胖组左室17节段容积-时间曲线异常,左室收缩同步性参数Tmsv16-Dif增高（P<0.05）,Tmsv16-SD、Tmsv12-SD、Tmsv12-Dif、Tmsv16-SD%、Tmsv12-SD%、Tmsv16-Dif%及Tmsv12-Dif%明显增高（P<0.01）。两组间EDV、ESV及LVEF比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：肥胖者左室心肌收缩同步性减低,RT-3DE技术可以早期发现肥胖者左室收缩同步性异常。
      

三维超声心动图评估心肌梗死后左心室功能及室壁运动同步性的变化

目的 探讨应用实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE),评价急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者左心室收缩舒张功能及收缩同步性的价值。方法 选择2013年1月~2014年5月于笔者医院心内科住院治疗急性前壁心肌梗死的患者51例(A组),健康志愿者25例(B组),均行常规二维及RT-3DE检查,通过Qlab 6.0定量分析软件分析整体及节段容积-时间曲线,获取左心室整体和节段舒张末期容积、整体和节段收缩末期容积、左心室整体-节段及节段-整体的射血分数、左心室最大射血速率和充盈速率以及Tmsv16-SD。结果 与健康志愿者相比,AMI患者左心室整体EDV、ESV、Tmsv16-SD%水平均增高,LVEF、PER/EDV、PFR/EDV水平均下降(P均<0.05),梗死节段及邻近梗死区域的大部分rEDV、rESV增高,rEF、rgEF均下降(P<0.05)。结论 RT-3DE能够评价AMI患者左心室舒缩功能及室壁运动同步性。     

实时三维超声心动图联合microRNA-499水平检测对心力衰竭的诊断价值

目的 探讨实时三维超声心动图（RT-3DE）联合miR-499水平检测对心力衰竭的诊断价值。方法 选取2018年1月—2021年12月就诊于青岛市中医医院的110例心力衰竭患者作为心衰组，另选同期该院健康体检者60例作为对照组。通过RT-3DE测定心功能指标［左室收缩末期容积（LVESV）、左室舒张末期容积（LVEDV）、左室射血分数（LVEF）、左室16节段达到收缩末期最小容积的标准差（Tmsv16-SD%）、最大差值（Tmsv16-Dif%）］，采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应测定血清miR-499相对表达量。比较两组RT-3DE检查参数与miR-499相对表达量，Pearson法分析RT-3DE检查参数与miR-499相对表达量的相关性，受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析RT-3DE参数、血清miR-499相对表达量及联合诊断对心衰的诊断效能。结果 两组性别、体质量指数、心率、收缩压、舒张压比较，差异无统计学意义（P >0.05）。心衰组LVEDV、LVESV、Tmsv16-Dif%、Tmsv16-SD%及血清miR-499相对表达量高于对照组，LVEF低于对照组（P <0.05）。Pearson相关性分析显示，心衰患者血清miR-499相对表达量与LVEDV、LVESV、Tmsv16-Dif%、Tmsv16-SD%均呈正相关（r =0.373、0.347、0.228和0.395，均P <0.05），与LVEF呈负相关（r =-0.341，P <0.05）。ROC曲线显示，联合诊断的AUC、敏感性、特异性最高，分别为0.932（95% CI：0.912，0.984）、0.855（95% CI：0.796，0.908）、0.832（95% CI：0.763，0.896）。结论 心衰患者血清miR-499水平呈高表达，与RT-3DE参数密切相关，且两者联合对心衰有良好的诊断价值。     

实时三维超声心动图及二维斑点追踪成像技术评估预激综合征患者左心室收缩同步性

目的:应用实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)及二维斑点追踪成像(2D-STI)技术评估预激综合征患者左心室收缩同步性临床应用价值。方法:选取芜湖市第二人民医院预激综合征患者35例为病例组,选取同期健康体检者35例为正常对照组。应用2D-STI计算左心室17节段圆周应变达峰时间标准差(Tcs-SD)、纵向应变达峰时间标准差(Tls-SD)、圆周应变率达峰时间标准差(Tcsr-SD)、纵向应变率达峰时间标准差(Tlsr-SD)参数水平值。应用RT-3DE记录左心室舒张末容积(LVEDV)、左心室收缩末容积(LVESV)、左心室射血分数(LVEF);分析17节段左心室容积-时间曲线(VTC),选取16节段最小收缩末容积时间差的标准差(Tmsv16-SD)、16节段最小收缩末容积时间差的最大时间差(Tmsv16-Dif)、校正后的16节段最小收缩末容积时间标准差(Tmsv16-SD%)、校正后的16节段最小收缩末容积时间最大时间差(Tmsv16-Dif%)进行同步记录分析。结果:(1)病例组Tcs-SD、Tls-SD、Tcsr-SD、Tlsr-SD均高于对照组(P<0.001)。(2)病...     

不同起搏部位对左室收缩同步性及整体收缩功能早期影响的实时三维超声心动图研究

目的 探讨应用实时三维超声心动图(RT-3DE)评价右室不同部位起搏对左室收缩同步性及整体收缩功能的早期影响.方法 60例房室顺序双心腔起搏器植入的患者,根据起搏部位不同分为右室流出道(RVOT)组及右室心尖(RVAP)组.两组患者均于术前及术后1周应用RT-3DE采集左心室全容积图像并应用在机Qlab 8.1分析软件,获得左心室整体与16节段容积-时间曲线和左心室16、12、6节段自心电图QRS波起点至左心室最小收缩末容积点时间的标准差和最大时间差(即Tmsv16-SD、Tmsv12-SD、Tmsv6-SD、Tmsv16-Dif、Tmsv12-Dif、Tmsv6-Dif)作为左室收缩同步性参数;同时获得左心室舒张末期容积(LV-EDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(LVESV)、每搏量(SV)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)作为左室整体收缩功能参数.结果 术前两组左室收缩同步性参数Tmsv16-SD、Tmsv12-SD、Tmsv6-SD、Tmsv16-Dif、Tmsv12-Dif、Tmsv6-Dif和整体收缩功能参数LVEDV、LVESV、SV、LVEF比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后1周,RVAP组左室收缩同步性参数与术前比较延长(P＜0.05),与RVOT组比较亦延长(P＜0.05),RVOT组左室同步性参数术前术后比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).左室整体收缩功能参数在两组内术前术后比较及术后组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 与RVAP起搏比较,RVOT起搏更有利于保持起搏状态下左室同步性,是一种更符合生理的起搏方式.RT-3DE可客观、准确地评价左室收缩同步性及整体收缩功能.     

实时三维超声心动图评价右室心尖部起搏对左室收缩同步性及收缩功能的早期影响

目的探讨应用实时三维超声心动图(real-time three-dimensional echocardiography,RT-3DE)评价右室心尖部起搏(right ventricular apex pacing,RVAP)对左室收缩同步性及收缩功能的早期影响。方法 30例双腔起搏器植入(均为RVAP)的患者为病例组,30例正常人为对照组,在术前及术后1周应用RT-3DE采集左心室全容积图像。应用在机Qlab 8.1分析软件,获得左心室整体与16节段容积-时间曲线和比较左心室16、12、6节段自心电图QRS波起点至左心室最小收缩末容积点时间的标准差和最大时间差(即Tmsv16-SD、Tmsv12-SD、Tmsv6-SD、Tmsv16-Dif、Tmsv12-Dif、Tmsv6-Dif)作为左室收缩同步性参数;同时获得左心室舒张末期容积(1eft ventricle end-diastolic volume,LVEDV)、左心室收缩末期容积(1eft ventricular endsystolic volumes,LVESV)、每搏量(stroke volume,SV)、左心室射血分数(1eft ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)作为左室收缩功能参数。结果与对照组比较,术后1周,病例组左室收缩同步性参数明显延长(P<0.05),左室收缩功能参数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与术前比较,术后1周,病例组左室收缩同步性参数明显延长(P<0.05),左室收缩功能参数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 RVAP早期即可导致左心室收缩不同步,且其同步性变化早于收缩功能变化。RT-3DE可客观、准确地评价左室收缩同步性及收缩功能。     

实时三维超声心动图在儿童心脏病研究中的应用价值

目的为研究实时三维超声心动图在评价儿童左室收缩同步性和室壁运动位移中的应用价值。方法对2009年10月～2010年10月确诊为心肌病的儿童20例、川崎病儿童22例及正常儿童20例进行实时三维超声心动图检查,测量左室16节段心肌达最低收缩末容量时间的最大差异（Tmsv16-Dif）及其标准差（Tmsv16-SD）,为排除心率影响,将上述两指标与心率比值的百分数（Tmsv16-Dif%,Tmsv16-SD%）作为其标准化值进行比较研究。结果 Tmsv16-Dif、Tmsv16-SD不同年龄组间差异有统计学意义;Tmsv16-Dif、Tmsv16-SD及Tmsv16-Dif%、Tmsv16-SD%的病例组与正常组比较,川崎病组与扩张型心肌病组均高于正常组;川崎病及扩张型心肌病患者左室壁各节段收缩运动不同步。结论通过本研究表明,Tmsv16-Dif%及Tmsv16-SD%能够很好地反映左室心肌收缩同步性,而同心位移值能够很敏感地检测出收缩功能减低的心肌节段,因此可利用上述指标作为评价不同年龄儿童左室收缩同步性和室壁运动幅度的指标。     

超声心动图在冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病中的应用价值

目的 探讨分析超声心动图在冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病中的诊断价值.方法 随机选取2015年11月—2016年12月江苏省宿迁市第一人民医院超声医学科收治的150例冠心病患者,作为观察组;再随机选取同期150名健康志愿者作为对照组.分别采用三维超声心动图进行检查,得到左心室射血分数(3D-EF)、左心室舒张末期容积(3D-EDV)、 左心室收缩末期容积(3D-ESV)、R-R期间校正左心室12节段以及16节段达到最小收缩容积时间的标准差(Tmsv-16-SD%、Tmsv-12-SD%)、最大值(Tmsv-16-Dif%、Tmsv-12-Dif%).结果 对照组3D-EDV值为(70.23±10.38)mL,观察组为(133.34±6.67)mL;对照组3D-ESV值为(26.93±7.49)mL,观察组为(74.28±7.68)mL;对照组3D-EF为(63.87±4.36)%,观察组为(44.39±6.38)%.观察组与对照组相比,左心室收缩功能指标3D-EDV、3D-ESV明显增大,3D-EF显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).对照组左心室同步性校正参数Tmsv-16-Dif%、Tmsv-12-Dif%Tmsv-16-SD%、Tmsv-12-SD%分别为(3.59±1.23)%、(2.75±0.88)%、(0.99±0.23)%、(0.88±0.17)%,观察组分别为(21.34±15.49)%、(16.89±10.23)%、(8.23±1.39)%、(7.33±1.46)%,与对照组相比,明显延长,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 三维超声心动图可准确地获得左心室心肌节段情况,对左心室节段性室壁异常进行评价,值的临床广泛推广     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.