铁皮石斛与几种常用混淆品的红外光谱鉴别

目的 寻找能够鉴别铁皮石斛与几种常用混淆品的新方法．为进一步探索石斛类药材、饮片快速、有效的鉴别方法。方法 采用药材原粉末加KBr直接压片法测定铁皮石斛与几种常用混淆品的红外光谱．所获得的指纹图谱进行特征峰指认和对比分析。结果 铁皮石斛与几种常用混淆品的红外吸收频率、吸收峰的峰形和相对强度都存在较显著的差异。结论 首次采用红外光谱法鉴别铁皮石斛与几种常用混淆品,结果快速、准确,为控制铁皮石斛商品提供了可靠的依据。     

白术的鉴别与炮制

白术始载于《神农本草经》列为上品。李时珍曰：“扬州之域多种白术,其状如桴……桴乃鼓槌之名。”又谓“白术,桴蓟也,吴越有之,人多取其根栽莳。一年即稠,嫩苗可茹,叶稍大而有毛,根如指大,状如鼓槌,亦有大如拳者。”再现《证类本草》附图,其中越州术和舒州术的植物形状与现今白术基本一致。     

红外光谱技术在中药炮制研究中的应用

红外光谱技术对厘清中药炮制过程中药物变化有重要意义,因此本研究总结该技术在中药炮制中的应用,探讨应用前景.     

基于紫外光谱和聚类分析法结合的布渣叶鉴别研究

目的建立布渣叶药材紫外指纹图谱的聚类分析方法,为布渣叶的光谱鉴别提供实验依据。方法以紫外一阶导数光谱指纹图谱为依据,采用聚类分析法对30份布渣叶样品和4种叶类中药进行聚类分析。结果紫外光谱结合聚类分析法可以准确地将布渣叶和其它4种叶类中药鉴别出来,并且反映了各样品之间的亲疏远近关系。结论紫外光谱聚类法可为布渣叶提供一个快捷、准确、可行的鉴别方法。     

泰国应用白术等中药存在的差误

中医中药在泰国应用有着悠久的历史,然而在传承过程中,难免有一些疏漏,甚至发生以讹传讹的情况。笔者在泰国的实际工作中就发现一些药物应用的差误,尤其以白术等3味更加典型,笔者列举白术等3味常用中药的来源、性味、归经、功效、临床应用、现代研究、文献摘录等内容,力求说明,中药因其炮制不同,疗效有异,在实际应用中针对不同的病症采取不同的炮制品,使其扬长避短,从而达到确切的治疗效果。     

中药红曲的近红外漫反射光谱聚类鉴别

目的　用近红外漫反射光谱法鉴别中药红曲 ,为生药鉴定提供一种新的方法。方法　采用聚类分析方法进行定性鉴别。结果　可以有效地鉴别不同种的红曲 ,结果与形态学、扫描电镜的检验结果一致。结论　近红外漫反射光谱法是一种快速、简便、低耗的新型分析技术 ,可用于红曲等中药的质量控制     

中药炮制品和生品采用TLC法鉴别的可行性与有效性

目的研究中药炮制品和生品采用TLC法鉴别的可行性与有效性。方法采用TCL鉴别法,制备适当的供试品溶液,鉴别地黄、黄精、山茱萸、五味子、女贞子、肉苁蓉、黄苓和大黄的生品与炮制品。结果所选择的8种中药,除了不能用于区别黄芩和五味子生品与炮制品,其他的都可以鉴别。结论 TLC法对于鉴别部分中药炮制品和生品具有可行性和有效性。     

傅里叶变换红外光谱对药品中沙门菌的鉴别

目的：应用傅里叶变换红外光谱技术对30个含动物组织的中成药中的沙门菌进行鉴别。方法：用傅里叶红外变换光谱对30个中成药中的沙门菌进行指纹图谱数据采集,用聚类分析方法进行比较。结果：确定了1200～900,3000～2800,1500～1400 cm^-1三个特征谱区,并在此基础上进行聚类分析,使菌株得到较准确的归类。结论：傅里叶红外变换光谱具有快速、准确、方便等优点,且重现性高,是药品中控制沙门菌的一个重要补充方法。     

二维相关红外光谱对熟地黄“加味（砂仁）炮制”的研究

目的：对不同方法制备的熟地黄进行无损快速鉴别研究。方法：采用傅立叶红外光谱法和二维相关红外光谱分析方法和技术。结果：酒炖熟地、砂仁制熟地和砂仁拌熟地在一维红外光谱和二阶导数谱差异不明显，而在二维相关光谱显示较大差异。结论：该方法为中药炮制尤其是加辅料或加味中药“复制”炮制的研究提供一个崭新的思路。     

近红外光谱分析法鉴别感觉神经和运动神经

目的 探讨近红外光谱(NIRS)分析法在鉴别周围神经运动束和感觉束的可行性.方法 采集离体Beagle犬面神经的颞支、颧支、颊支、下颌缘支(均为运动神经)和颈丛皮神经(感觉神经)的漫反射近红外光谱,通过聚类分析法进行归类鉴别.结果 面神经和颈丛皮神经的一、二阶导数光谱较为相近,不能直观进行鉴别;经聚类分析可以将两者归为两类,达到直观鉴别的目的,准确率90.0%.结论 运动神经束和感觉神经束可以经NLRS技术结合聚类分析法快速区分.     

司他夫定胶囊近红外一致性检验模型建立及验证

目的：本实验以司他夫定胶囊为研究对象,应用近红外光谱分析技术,建立司他夫定胶囊的近红外一致性检验模型,快速无损进行司他夫定的真伪鉴别。方法：以司他夫定为研究主体,收集上海迪赛诺生物医药有限公司多批次数量样品,采集原始建模光谱160张,不同人员验证光谱80张,不同仪器验证光谱80张,应用OPUS7.0分析软件,采取一阶导数+矢量归一化法在12000~4000 cm-1范围内对司他夫定胶囊采集光谱进行预处理,选择最佳建模谱段为9000 cm-1～7500cm-1、6900 cm-1～5600 cm-1和5000 cm-1～4250 cm-1,平滑点为17,CI限度设为7,建立一致性检验模型并进行验证。结果：本方法CI限度值设为7,意味着本厂生产的样品CI限度值应＜7,结果建模样品光谱的CI限度值均＜7,非本厂生产的样品CI限度值均＞7,与事实相符,代表本模型具有很好鉴别本厂产品的能力。同时,不同仪器及不同人员测定的相同批次样品验证光谱CI值均＜7,证明该模型分别通过了不同仪器、不同人员的验证。结论：使用一致性检验模型可正确区分正品及伪品司他夫定胶囊,并通过了不同人员和不同仪器的光谱验证,从而实现了精确有效的模型传递,大大提高了近红外校正模型的通用性。该方法快速、简便、准确,适用于药品快检车对司他夫定胶囊的一致性快速筛查。     

基于太赫兹波时域光谱的拉米夫定和齐多夫定的定性定量分析

目的:获得拉米夫定、齐多夫定以及两者混合物的太赫兹光谱,得到其频谱响应和折射率色散关系,从而进行定性定量分析。方法:利用太赫兹时域光谱技术测定拉米夫定、齐多夫定以及两者混合物,并用经典偏最小二乘回归方法建立模型对两者的混合物进行定性定量分析。结果:拉米夫定和齐多夫定在太赫兹波段都具有各自的特征吸收峰,说明利用太赫兹光谱可以将它们明显区分开来;其中校正集和验证集的相关系数均优于0.99,预测值的均方根误差小于1.2%。结论:根据太赫兹光谱包含的特征信息能够对该类药品混合物中的成分进行定性定量分析。     

近红外光谱法快速测定虎杖中虎杖苷、白藜芦醇、大黄素的含量

目的:建立一种同时测定虎杖提取物中虎杖苷、白藜芦醇和大黄素含量的新方法。方法:利用高效液相色谱紫外检测法测定虎杖中活性成分的化学值,然后采用傅里叶变换近红外光谱技术并结合偏最小二乘法(PLS)建立、优化模型,最后采用校正模型的决定系数(R2)、内部交叉验证均方差(RMSECV)和外部预测误差均方根(RMSEP),对校正模型进行评价。结果:虎杖苷、白藜芦醇和大黄素定量校正模型的R2分别为0.9589,0.9604,0.9128;RMSECV分别为0.0881,0.0172,0.130;RMSEP分别为0.0968,0.0153,0.111。结论:结果证明近红外光谱法用于虎杖中活性成分的定量分析,准确度较高,能满足现实中对虎杖多组分同时测定的精度要求。     

A review of near infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics in pharmaceutical technologies

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a fast and non-destructive analytical method. Associated with chemometrics, it becomes a powerful tool for the pharmaceutical industry. Indeed, NIRS is suitable for analysis of solid, liquid and biotechnological pharmaceutical forms. Moreover, NIRS can be implemented during pharmaceutical development, in production for process monitoring or in quality control laboratories.This review focuses on chemometric techniques and pharmaceutical NIRS applications. The following topics are covered: qualitative analyses, quantitative methods and on-line applications. Theoretical and practical aspects are described with pharmaceutical examples of NIRS applications.     

The crude extract of Corni Fructus inhibits the migration and invasion of U‐2 OS human osteosarcoma cells through the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase‐2/‐9 by MAPK signaling

Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of the bone cancers. In the Chinese population, the crude extract of Corni Fructus (CECF) has been used as Traditional Chinese medicine to treat several different diseases for hundreds of years. In the present study, effects of CECF on inhibition of migration and invasion in U‐2 OS human osteosarcoma cells were examined. CECF significantly inhibited migration and invasion of U‐2 OS human osteosarcoma cells. We also found that CECF inhibited activities of matrix metalloproteinases‐2 (MMP‐2) and matrix metalloproteinases‐9 (MMP‐9). CECF decreased protein levels of FAK, PKC, SOS1, MKK7, MEKK3, GRB2, NF‐κB p65, COX‐2, HIF‐1α, PI3K, Rho A, ROCK‐1, IRE‐1α, p‐JNK1/2, p‐ERK1/2, p‐p38, Ras, p‐PERK, MMP‐2, MMP‐9, and VEGF in U‐2 OS cells. Results of this study indicate that CECF may have potential as a novel anticancer agent for the treatment of osteosarcoma by inhibiting migration and invasion of cancer cells © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 30: 53–63, 2015.     

一测多评法测定丹酚酸A原料药中迷迭香酸、紫草酸、丹酚酸B和丹酚酸C

目的建立一测多评法测定丹酚酸A原料药中特定杂质迷迭香酸、紫草酸、丹酚酸B和丹酚酸C。方法采用Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C_(18)色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),流动相0.2%磷酸–乙腈,梯度洗脱,检测波长286 nm,体积流量1.0 mL/min,柱温25℃,样品室温度4℃,进样量20μL。以丹酚酸A为内标,建立丹酚酸A原料药中特定杂质(紫草酸、迷迭香酸、丹酚酸B、丹酚酸C)的相对校正因子;分别采用一测多评法和外标法测定丹酚酸A原料药中特定杂质,并比较一测多评法计算值与外标法实测值的差异性。结果丹酚酸A、丹酚酸B、丹酚酸C、迷迭香酸、紫草酸均在0.2~20μg/mL与峰面积呈良好线性关系。在线性浓度范围内,迷迭香酸、紫草酸、丹酚酸B、丹酚酸C与丹酚酸A间的相对校正因子分别为1.52、2.09、2.33、1.06。一测多评法计算值与外标法实测值无显著性差异。结论一测多评法可用于丹酚酸A原料中迷迭香酸、紫草酸、丹酚酸B、丹酚酸C的测定。     

High loading efficiency and sustained release of siRNA encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles: Quality by design optimization and characterization

Poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide acid) (PLGA) is an attractive polymer for delivery of biopharmaceuticals owing to its biocompatibility, biodegradability and outstanding controlled release characteristics. The purpose of this study was to understand and define optimal parameters for preparation of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-loaded PLGA nanoparticles by the double emulsion solvent evaporation method and characterize their properties. The experiments were performed according to a 2⁵⁻¹ fractional factorial design based on five independent variables: The volume ratio between the inner water phase and the oil phase, the PLGA concentration, the sonication time, the siRNA load and the amount of acetylated bovine serum albumin (Ac-BSA) in the inner water phase added to stabilize the primary emulsion. The effects on the siRNA encapsulation efficiency and the particle size were investigated. The most important factors for obtaining an encapsulation efficiency as high as 70% were the PLGA concentration and the volume ratio whereas the size was mainly affected by the PLGA concentration. The viscosity of the oil phase was increased at high PLGA concentration, which explains the improved encapsulation by stabilization of the primary emulsion and reduction of siRNA leakage to the outer water phase. Addition of Ac-BSA increased the encapsulation efficiency at low PLGA concentrations. The PLGA matrix protected siRNA against nuclease degradation, provided a burst release of surface-localized siRNA followed by a triphasic sustained release for two months. These results enable careful understanding and definition of optimal process parameters for preparation of PLGA nanoparticles encapsulating high amounts of siRNA with immediate and long-term sustained release properties.     

Pharmaceutical applications of vibrational chemical imaging and chemometrics: a review

The emergence of chemical imaging (CI) has gifted spectroscopy an additional dimension. Chemical imaging systems complement chemical identification by acquiring spatially located spectra that enable visualization of chemical compound distributions. Such techniques are highly relevant to pharmaceutics in that the distribution of excipients and active pharmaceutical ingredient informs not only a product's behavior during manufacture but also its physical attributes (dissolution properties, stability, etc.). The rapid image acquisition made possible by the emergence of focal plane array detectors, combined with publication of the Food and Drug Administration guidelines for process analytical technology in 2001, has heightened interest in the pharmaceutical applications of CI, notably as a tool for enhancing drug quality and understanding process. Papers on the pharmaceutical applications of CI have been appearing in steadily increasing numbers since 2000. The aim of the present paper is to give an overview of infrared, near-infrared and Raman imaging in pharmaceutics. Sections 2 and 3 deal with the theory, device set-ups, mode of acquisition and processing techniques used to extract information of interest. Section 4 addresses the pharmaceutical applications.