肿瘤系统生物学研究进展

人类基因组计划的启动与实施、大规模研究技术的发明与应用和生物信息学的发展深刻影响了当代生物学的研究模式.系统生物学逐渐受到关注,它在肿瘤学领域的应用所形成的肿瘤系统生物学将对进一步理解肿瘤的发生、发展及诊断和治疗产生深远的影响.     

肿瘤系统生物学研究进展

人类基因组计划的启动与实施、大规模研究技术的发明与应用和生物信息学的发展深刻影响了当代生物学的研究模式.系统生物学逐渐受到关注,它在肿瘤学领域的应用所形成的肿瘤系统生物学将对进一步理解肿瘤的发生、发展及诊断和治疗产生深远的影响.     

系统生物学方法筛选人肺巨细胞癌细胞株转移相关miRNA的研究

目的:探讨人低转移肺巨细胞癌细胞株95C和人高转移肺巨细胞癌细胞株95D中微小RNA(microRNA,miR-NA)的差异性表达,分析差异表达miRNA在肺癌细胞转移调控网络中的作用.方法:常规培养95C和95D,分别提取总RNA并进行质检;应用微阵列芯片检测miRNAs的表达,并对其表达谱进行差异性分析;从系统生物学角度,应用生物信息学的研究方法,分析肺癌转移可能相关的异常表达miRNA与相应靶基因.结果:两者miRNA表达存在显著差异,与95C细胞相比,在95D中上调＞1.5倍的miRNA有36条,下调＞1.5倍的miRNA有19条;12条差异表达miR-NA及1 046个预测靶基因构成了肺癌转移相关调控网络.结论:获得了人低转移肺巨细胞癌细胞株95C和人高转移肺巨细胞癌细胞株95D的差异miRNA表达谱,初步构建了一个由差异miRNA及其靶基因组成的复杂肺癌转移相关调控网络,分析发现部分miRNA为调控网络的关键节点.     

肿瘤综合治疗中的循证医学和个体化治疗

现代医学模式已经由单纯的生物医学模式转变为"生物-心理-社会"医学模式,由经验医学转变为以证据为基础的循证医学(EBM),这一指导临床医学实践的新模式,在肿瘤的综合治疗中起到了重要的指导作用;同时"个体化治疗"也是肿瘤综合治疗中不可忽视的原则之一,在肿瘤的治疗中占有越来越重要的地位.在实际的临床工作中,"循证医学"和"个体化治疗"这两个概念并非相互对立,而是相辅相成、密不可分的,现代肿瘤专科医师,必须掌握这些概念并在实际工作中努力贯彻、综合运用,才能制定合理的肿瘤综合治疗方案,最大限度维护患者的利益、得到最佳的治疗效果.     

循证医学理念与神经肿瘤患者的个体化治疗

循证医学(evidence-basedmedicine,EBM)的理念是规范化诊疗的基础,各种疾病的规范化诊疗需要诊疗指引(guidline)。我国包括神经系统肿瘤在内的肿瘤诊疗指引多在不断制定和完善,这是临床医生在医疗过程中必需遵循的原则。另一方面,患者具有个体差异即异质性(heterogeneity),所以,在临床实践中,我们对每个具体的患者,同时要结合具体的特点,进行个体化的治疗,这样才能使患者得到最佳治疗,获得最佳效果。     

肿瘤星球

肿瘤体犹如一个星球,呈非匀质性,由巢层、表层、质层和核层构成,不同层的肿瘤细胞群也存在明显差异。肿瘤不同层次的结构提示系统治疗的重要性。     

肿瘤不规范治疗浅析

目前临床肿瘤学处于一个重大变革时期。2l世纪循证医学、诊疗规范化和个体化已经成为学术界公认的趋向。所以，中国医学科学院院士、著名肿瘤专家孙燕教授2003年7月10日在中国医学论坛报告中说：做好以下三方面工作，可以对广大患者和临床肿瘤学作出应有的贡献。(1)规范化治疗；(2)个体化治疗；(3)中西医结合     

金龙胶囊抗脑肿瘤的系统生物学研究

  目的  利用系统生物学技术分析中药复方金龙胶囊抗脑肿瘤的分子机制。  方法  取金龙胶囊组及空白对照组小鼠的原位脑肿瘤组织样本进行基因芯片检测,通过比对获取差异基因;使用一步过连通测算和多步骤隐藏节点测算获得拓扑基因;采用富集分析法分析其生物功能;借助MetaCore平台构建分子机制网络图。  结果  与对照组相比,金龙胶囊组共有37个差异基因（倍数>2）,106个拓扑基因。金龙胶囊的靶点主要集中在细胞粘附和凋亡、免疫应答、神经组织发育等。  结论  金龙胶囊通过诱导神经细胞特有基因表达和抑制干扰素信号转导发挥抗脑肿瘤作用。      

临床肿瘤基因组学与肿瘤个体化治疗

肿瘤治疗在循证医学的基础上逐渐向循因医学过渡,肿瘤个体化治疗已成为肿瘤治疗的发展方向。肿瘤患者对各种化疗药物存在明显的个体差异,其主要原因是患者个体肿瘤相关基因表达的差异和多态性。因此,逐步实现以肿瘤基因组学为指导的个体化治疗显得越来越重要。     

Lung Cancer Biology

Lung cancer remains a major problem and will continue to be a major problem in oncology over the next number of decades. Treatment results have remained static over the past 10 to 20 years with modest improvements in overall survival. However, during that time, there has been an explosion in our knowledge of the biological and molecular events involved in the pathogenesis of lung cancer. A better understanding of these should allow the development of new therapeutic strategies for the intervention and treatment of patients with this disease. Moreover, the next decade will allow us to clearly evaluate the role that these biomarkers will have in the early detection of lung cancer and perhaps treatment results will be significantly improved.     

The Biology of Lung Cancer: A review

Advances in the understanding of the biology of lung cancer have progressed rapidly over the last decade. It is clear that considerable heterogeneity exists both in small-cell and non-small-cell lung cancer tumours with common properties being shared by both cell types. To further understand the prognostic and clinical significance of these biological properties it is clear that in future clinical trials of both tumour types these properties should be taken into consideration.     

Advocate's Viewpoint on Hereditary Breast/Ovarian Cancer

This paper discusses the presentation I held at the symposium on genetics during the 4^th European Breast Cancer Conference held in Hamburg in March 2004.Primarily, the goals and working methods of the advocacy group specialised in Hereditary Breast/Ovarian Cancer of the Dutch Breast Cancer Patient Organisation known as BorstkankerVereniging Nederland (BVN) are explained. Furthermore, some specific individual problems that mutation carriers might encounter before and after BRCA1/2 susceptibility testing are discussed. These include: dilemmas in choosing preventive interventions, dealing with the psychological impact of knowing you are a mutation carrier, dealing with the social implications of being genetically at risk, an example of insurance discrimination. In addition, some controversial social and ethical issues that are currently under debate are highlighted, such as the issue of the European patenting of the breast cancer susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. Since this topic could also become relevant for other gene-related diseases, society as a whole has to consider the ethical and social implications related to the patenting of human genes in general. Another ethical area of debate is the controversial issue of prenatal BRCA testing and the choice of pregnancy termination.Finally, the Working Party pleads for the international co-operation and exchange of data and experience among professionals as well as patients. It appears that professionals in different European countries tend to advise on different risk management strategies and treatments and as such, the Working Party strongly advocates the international standardisation of risk management and treatment of mutation carriers. In this respect, specific attention should be given to a group that has had a non-informative or negative BRCA test result, because this group is still considered to be at high risk to develop the disease.     

食管癌分子生物学研究进展

癌基因的激活和抑癌基因的失活是细胞癌变的分子基础。该文就近年来在细胞周期、信号传导、凋亡等过程中的有关基因及新发现的肿瘤相关基因在食管癌发生发展中的作用进行简要阐述。     

Systems biology in the frontier of cancer research: a report of the Second International Workshop of Cancer Systems Biology

The report summarizes the Second International Workshop of Cancer Systems Biology held on July 5-6, 2012 in Changchun, China. The goal of the workshop was to bring together cancer researchers with different backgrounds to share their views about cancer and their experiences in fighting against cancer, and to gain new and systems-level understanding about cancer formation, progression, diagnosis, and treatment through exchanging ideas.