手术治疗中青年女性(足母)外翻畸形

目的矫正中青年女性(足母)外翻畸形。方法经过解剖学研究,提出跨外翻形成的内在因素是一种“绞盘式”挤压机制。为消除这一机制,将(足母)收肌与跨趾的联系彻底切断,并与经第1跖骨头横孔穿行的跨囊筋膜瓣中1/3吻合,以起到坚强固定,直接牵拉第Ⅰ跖骨头的作用。结果 20只足接受了本术式,18只做了0.5～4年随诊,优良率100％。结论 (足母)收肌与(足母)囊筋膜瓣吻合,能有效地紧缩前足,达到兼顾美观及解除疼痛的目的。     

手术治疗中度(足母)外翻

目的 寻找治疗中度(足母)外翻的最佳方法.方法 回顾性分析采取小切口剥离收肌止点,切除第一跖骨头内侧滑囊及骨赘,治疗中度(足母)外翻患者16例(22足).结果 随访0.5～2.0年,疗效评定参照美国足踝矫形学会(足母)外翻评分标准,优良率100%.结论 本方法操作方便,易于掌握,疗效满意,并发症少,有临床应用价值.     

(足母)长伸肌腱移位动力性矫正(足母)外翻畸形

目的探讨长伸肌腱移位动力矫正外翻畸形的机制及临床疗效。方法2004年4月～2006年12月,采用长伸肌腱移位矫治外翻畸形25例38足。其中男2例3足,女23例35足;年龄22～60岁,平均46.3岁。术前外翻角21～45°,平均31.30°;跖间角7～21°,平均12.52°。手术将第1跖骨骨赘凿除,内侧关节囊修复,收肌横头切断,长伸肌腱向内侧移位、止点再造。结果术后外翻角7.30±2.62°,跖间角6.50±2.46°,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后功能应用美国足踝外科协会趾-跖趾-趾间关节评分系统进行临床评估,优25足,良7足,差6足,优良率84.2%。获随访6～24个月。2足于术后2个月出现内翻,2足术后3个月出现第1跖趾关节活动受限。无外翻畸形复发。结论通过口止母长伸肌腱内移等软组织平衡恢复了第1跖趾关节内、外侧应力,手术操作简便,畸形矫正效果好且不易复发。     

改良Mitchell手术治疗(足母)外翻

对Mitchell手术进行改良,临床应用29例40足,随访结果表明改良Mitchell手术具有以下优点:①针对(足母)外翻病理基础进行了较全面矫正;②骨愈合快,恢复期短;③矫形后患足外形自然,保留了第Ⅰ跖趾关节功能。     

(足母)外翻的手术治疗

(足母)外翻是一种常见的前足疾病,发病率较高,多见于女性,常随年龄增长而呈加重趋势,由于畸形和疼痛,常需手术治疗.(足母)外翻的手术治疗早在18世纪末已广泛兴起,随着各种术式的广泛开展及对其效果的追踪评价,大多数手术方式由于弊大于利被淘汰,而一些术式被证实有效,且经过不断改良与完善,已融入现代治疗方法中,手术方式主要包括软组织修复手术、截骨术、关节成形术及关节融合术,手术方法的合理选择是保证治疗效果的关键.     

(足母)展肌腱转位联合Scarf截骨治疗中重度(足母)外翻

[目的]介绍(足母)展肌腱转位联合Scarf截骨治疗中重度(足母)外翻的手术技术。[方法] 2017年1月～2017年09月,采用Scarf截骨联合(足母)展肌腱转位治疗中、重度(足母)外翻患者32例(45足)。倒"L"形切开关节囊,显露第一跖骨内侧骨赘、矢状沟和踇展肌。自(足母)展肌腱止点处切取约1/3～1/2宽度(足母)展肌腱,切除骨赘,充分松解外侧关节囊及(足母)收肌。第一跖骨行Scarf截骨,向外侧推移第一跖骨远端,纠正增大的IMA,修整多余骨皮质,将自体骨回植于截骨间隙,防止第一跖骨头上抬,两枚螺钉固定。维持(足母)趾于正确的生理位置,缩紧缝合关节囊,将(足母)展肌断端缝合于关节囊背侧。[结果]本组患者32例共45足,第一跖骨截骨均在8周内愈合,未出现内固定松动、骨折延迟愈合及第一跖骨头坏死等并发症。末次随访时所有患者Maryland评分和影像测量的IMA、HVA、PASA均较术前显著改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),尽管两时间点间第一跖趾关节活动度无显著变化(P0.05)。[结论]应用(足母)展肌腱转位联合Scarf截骨可有效矫正中重度(足母)外翻畸形,且未见手术相关并发症发生。     

改良微创手术治疗(足母)外翻500例分析

目的 探讨改良微创手术治疗(足母)外翻的特点.方法 对500例832只足(足母)外翻的患者进行改良微创手术矫正.结果 经4个月～3年随访,优良率100%,无1例并发症出现.结论 改良微创手术方法治疗(足母)外翻,方法简便,创伤小,可以推广应用.     

小切口微创治疗(足母)外翻

目的探讨小切口微创治疗(足母)外翻的有效方法. 方法 2002年8月～2004年6月,采用小切口微创手术和术后弹性外固定治疗(足母)外翻136例263足.其中男7例,女129例.年龄19～84岁.按Coughlin分型,轻度24例,中度63例,重度49例.263足均伴不同程度疼痛、足内弓塌陷和扁平足.经随访观察,对症状、体征及X线片测量结果进行疗效评定. 结果术后伤口均Ⅰ期愈合.本组获随访8～26个月,平均19个月.(足母)外翻畸形完全矫正, 足疼痛完全消失, 无骨不愈合及骨坏死征象,足内弓塌陷平均改善5°,跖趾关节功能及皮肤感觉基本正常;X线片示(足母)外翻角<12°、第1、2跖骨间角<9°及胫侧籽骨半脱位矫正<50% 105足,基本矫正158足.足疗效评定:优84例,良48例,中3例,差1例,优良率为97%. 结论小切口微创治疗(足母)外翻是一种损伤小、痛苦少、矫正彻底及不易复发的较理想治疗方法.     

遗传因素与(足母)外翻相关性的临床研究

[目的]探讨遗传因素与拇外翻的相关性。[方法]对l491例拇外翻患者的家族遗传性调查，并对其就诊年龄、发病年龄、病情加重年龄、拇外翻角进行统计分析。[结果]69．48％的拇外翻患者有明确家族史。有遗传性的患者与无遗传背景的拇外翻患者在就诊年龄、发病年龄、病情加重年龄上均有显著性差异，而在拇外翻角大小上无显著性差异。[结论]遗传因素为导致足母外翻发病的主要原因。遗传只是引起拇外翻的发病，而不影响其病情轻重。有遗传性的患者在就诊年龄、发病年龄、病情加重年龄上均早于无遗传背景的拇外翻患者。     

改良Mitchell手术治疗(足母)外翻

[目的]观察改良Mitchell手术治疗外翻的疗效.[方法]自2000年4月～2003年10月对18例28足(足母)外翻患者行改良Mitchell手术.术前摄负重X线片,测量(足母)外翻角(hallux valgus angle,HVA)平均为30.5°,第1、2跖骨间角(Intermetatarso-phalangeal angle,IMA)13.5°.本术式与传统Mitchell手术不同的是在第1跖骨远端只行一次横行截骨,不留外侧棘,根据IMA的大小决定截骨远端外移的多少,再向跖侧移位2～3 mm,用可吸收螺钉固定.[结果]随访28足,随访时间为10～32个月,优24足,良3足,差1足,优良率为92.9%.术后负重X线片测量HVA 15.5°,平均改善15°;IMA平均为8.5°,平均改善5°.[结论]改良Mitchell手术可矫正第1跖骨内翻,更重要的在于矫正畸形而不破坏(足母)趾的生物力学作用,第1跖骨头的跖侧移位,重建了足横弓,恢复了(足母)趾的负重功能.     

颅上颌复合体三维有限元模型的建立

目的:建立颅上颌复合体三维有限元模型,为分析其生物力学性质提供一个标准数学模型。方法:选择牙列完整、咬合关系正常,磨牙为中性关系,牙周组织健康,无颞颌关节病的成年健康男性志愿者一例做为建模素材,通过螺旋CT扫描技术,主要采用PRO/ENGINEER 2001和ANSYS8.0软件建立颅上颌复合体三维有限元模型。结果:探索出一条建立颅上颌复合体三维有限元模型的新方法,建立了三维坐标系下的可从任意视角观察的健康人颅上颌复合体三维重建生物医学模型和三维有限元模型,由129750个单元和207056个节点组成。结论:该模型有较好的力学和几何学相似性,为临床探索正畸正颌外科手术的生物力学机制提供了研究手段。     

石家庄市区1233名成年人外翻病因学调查

[目的]调查普通人群外翻角度值(hallux valgus angle,HA)及母外翻(hallux valgus,HV)患病原因。[方法]采用随机整群抽样法对石家庄市区1233名成年人逐人进行测查。调查项目包括性别、年龄、民族、文化程度、在调查地居住时间、出现症状年龄、首发症状、加重因素、减轻因素、家族史、生活习惯及生活方式共30项内容。采用量角器外测量法获得HA值。HA>15°确定为HV患者。调查资料进行logistic多元回归分析。[结果]男性HA平均值为(8.31±4.93)°,女性HA平均值为(9.72±7.12)°。共发现HV病例98例,患病率为7.95%,男性HV患病率为1.29%,女性HV患病率为11.00%,男女患病率比为1∶8.53。HV出现时间平均22岁。出现症状年龄20~45岁,平均25岁。HV患者中有家族史者占79.6%(78/98)。影响HV因素依其影响力大小依次为:遗传、性别、扁平足。影响女性HV的因素依其影响大小依次为:遗传、高跟鞋始穿年龄。HV与鞋跟高度及每日穿鞋时间无关。HV症状加重原因依次为:穿高跟鞋、长时间站立、长时间行走;症状减轻原因依次为:穿宽头平跟鞋、休息、热水泡脚、按摩。[结论]女性较男性易患HV,HV的患病主要与遗传有关,何时开始穿高跟鞋对女性患HV有重要影响。     

Approach for measuring the angle of hallux valgus

Background:

There is medium correlation between the current anthropometric method and the radiography in the angle of hallux valgus (AoH) measurement, so this study aimed at designing a reliable and more accurate approach to measure the AoH (AoH).

Materials and Methods:

Fifteen age, body weight, and height matched male students were included and those with foot disorders, deformities, or injuries were excluded from the study. The dorsal protrusions of the first metatarsal and the hallux were marked by palpating from three experienced observers; then their barefoot model in standing was collected by a three dimensional laser scanning system. The AoH was defined in the X-Y plane by the angle between the line joining the marks of centre of head and centre of base of metatarsal shaft and the one connecting the marks of the centre of metatarsal head and the hallux. The same procedure was repeated a week later. Besides, other measures based on the footprint, outline, and the radiography were also available for comparisons. Paired t-test, linear regression, and reliability analysis were applied for statistical analysis with significant level of 0.05 and 95% confidence interval.

Results:

There were no significant differences recorded between the new method and the radiographic method (P = 0.069). The AoH was superior to the methods of footprint and outline and it displayed a relative higher correlation with the radiographic method (r = 0.94, r² = 0.89). Moreover both the inter and intraobserver reliabilities of this method were proved to be good.

Conclusion:

This new method can be used for hallux valgus inspection and evaluation.     

Inter-segmental foot kinematics during gait in elderly females according to the severity of hallux valgus

The objective of this study was to find the effect of hallux valgus (HV) deformity on the inter-segmental motion of the foot using an MFM with a 15-marker set (DuPont Foot Model, DuFM) in comparison with age and sex controlled healthy adults. Fifty-eight female symptomatic HV patients and 50 female asymptomatic older female volunteers were included in this study. According to the radiographic hallux valgus angle (HVA), the study population was divided into severe HV (SHV, HVA ≥ 40°, n = 25), moderate HV (MHV, 20° ≤ HVA < 40°, n = 47), and control (CON, n = 36). MHV group was divided into symptomatic MHV group (S-MHV, n = 33) and asymptomatic MHV group (A-MHV, n = 14) according to the symptoms associated with HV. For temporal parameters, gait speed and stride length were diminished according to the severity of HV deformity. Sagittal range of motion of hallux and hindfoot decreased significantly in SHV group. Loss of push-off during the preswing phase was observed and forefoot adduction motion during terminal stance was decreased in SHV group. In a subgroup analysis of MHV, asymptomatic HV minimally affects gait and inter-segmental motion during gait. HV deformity affects gait parameters and inter-segmental motion of the foot during gait in proportion to the severity of the deformity. However, the effect of MHV itself on foot kinematics might be limited while pain or arthritic change of the joint might cause changes in gait in patients with symptomatic HV.     

改良Scarf截骨术治疗拇外翻的临床疗效

目的探讨改良Scarf截骨术治疗拇外翻的临床疗效。方法应用改良Scarf截骨术治疗拇外翻患者68例(92足),比较手术前后拇外翻角(HVA)、第1、2跖骨间角(IMA)及远端关节面固有角(DMAA)的变化。末次随访时,采用AOFAS评分标准评价疗效。结果68例患者均获得随访,时间9~12个月。末次随访时,HVA、IMA、DMAA均较术前显著减小(P<0.01),AOFAS评分较术前显著升高(P<0.01),疗效优、良、可分别为82、5、5足,治疗优良率为94.6%。结论改良Scarf截骨术是矫正拇外翻畸形的可靠技术,纠正畸形效果满意,能有效缓解疼痛。     

人体足踝部有限元模型的建立及有效性分析

背景：传统的足踝部生物力学研究有其局限性,本文介绍一种足踝部有限元建模方法,使其具有高度的几何相似及物理相似。目的：探讨建立足踝部有限元模型的方法,为生物力学研究提供数字化仿真平台。方法：通过CT扫描1名男性志愿者踝关节获取足踝部影像学资料,将其输入Mimics软件重建骨骼和韧带,通过Geo—magic处理并生成关节软骨后导入Ansys的Workbench模块,建立足踝部有限元模型,参考相关文献确定材料属性,划分网格,设置边界条件,模拟踝关节正常站立状态下受力,进行加载分析。结果：本研究建立了一个包含骨、软骨及韧带的足踝部有限元模型,相对客观地反映了人体足踝部的基本解剖结构和力学特性。模拟人体站立状态垂直加载600N载荷于胫、腓骨下端的上截面,踝关节胫骨下关节面的接触应力主要分布在中部及前外侧,最大接触应力为3．74MPa,接触面积为335．5mm2。踝关节周围四条主要韧带的位移（拉伸长度）中：胫跟韧带〉胫舟韧带〉跟腓韧带〉下胫腓联合前韧带。结论：本研究所建立的人体足踝部有限元模型经验证结果可靠,可进一步用于足踝部生物力学研究。     

Natural progression of radiographic indices in juvenile hallux valgus deformity

BackgroundThis study aimed to estimate the annual change in radiographic indices for juvenile hallux valgus (JHV) and to analyze the factors that influence deformity progression.MethodsPatients aged <15 years who had JHV and were followed up for at least 1 year were included. Hallux valgus angle (HVA), hallux interphalangeal angle, intermetatarsal angle, metatarsus adductus angle, distal metatarsal articular angle, anteroposterior talo-first metatarsal angle, and lateral talo-first metatarsal angle were evaluated. The progression rate of HVA was adjusted by multiple factors by using a linear mixed model.ResultsA total of 133 feet were included. The HVA and distal metatarsal articular angle both increased by 0.8° per year (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). HVA increased by 1.5° per year (p < 0.001) at under the age of 10, and the HVA progression in the older patients was not statistically significant.ConclusionsJHV deformity could progress with aging. Most deformity progression could occur before the age of 10 years.     

改良Simmonds手术治疗严重拇外翻畸形

目的探讨严重拇外翻畸形Simmonds手术矫治的效果。方法对19例（25足）严重拇外翻畸形患者采用改良Simmonds术矫治。结果19例（25足）均获随访,时间8个月～7年,平均（2.6±0.2）年。优11足,良13足,差1足。X线示：拇跖角为0°～5°,跖骨角度为3°～7°,半脱位纠正。结论改良Simmonds手术对治疗严重拇外翻畸形矫正效果好,不影响跖骨的长度,不需植骨,截骨端接触面积大,稳定性好,利于愈合,适用于不同年龄的严重拇外翻畸形。     

Akin截骨联合第1跖骨截骨治疗拇外翻的疗效

目的 探讨Akin截骨联合第1跖骨截骨治疗拇外翻的疗效.方法 采用Akin截骨联合第1跖骨截骨治疗27例拇外翻患者(27足):Akin截骨联合Chevron截骨19例,Akin截骨联合Scarf截骨6例,Akin截骨联合Juvara截骨2例.比较术前及末次随访时的第1、2跖骨间夹角(IMA)与拇外翻角(HVA)的变化....