通心络、辛伐他汀对老年急性脑梗死患者TNF-α、hs-CRP和血脂的影响

目的观察通心络、辛伐他汀对老年急性脑梗死患者肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和血脂的影响。方法将134例老年急性脑梗死患者随机分为通心络组和辛伐他汀组,每组67例。通心络组在常规治疗基础上加服通心络,每次1 g,每日3次;辛伐他汀组在常规治疗基础上加服辛伐他汀,每次5 mg,每晚1次。正常对照组86例。观察患者治疗前后TNF-α、血清hs-CRP和血脂水平的变化。结果两个治疗组TNF-α、hs-CRP、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和总胆固醇(TC)均明显下降(P0.01);与通心络组比较,辛伐他汀组的HDL-C明显升高(P0.01)。结论辛伐他汀治疗老年急性脑梗死疗效显著。     

瑞舒伐他汀对高血压病并血脂异常患者高敏C-反应蛋白及胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的:探讨瑞舒伐他汀对高血压病并血脂异常患者高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)及胰岛素抵抗(IR)的影响。方法:选取高血压病并血脂异常患者100例,随机分为试验组及对照组,每组50例,均予降压治疗,试验组加用瑞舒伐他汀10mg/d,治疗时间为8周。另选取年龄、性别等相匹配的50例正常体检者作为健康组。观察治疗前后血压、血脂、血糖、hs-CRP、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)等指标变化。结果:试验组及对照组治疗前血清hs-CRP、HOMA-IR、血压、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平均高于健康组(均P0.05),而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)低于健康组(P0.05);相关分析示hs-CRP与HOMA-IR呈正相关(r=0.527,P0.05)。试验组治疗8周后,与治疗前相比血压、血清hs-CRP、HOMA-IR、血压、TC、TG、LDL-C水平均明显下降(均P0.05),HDL-C水平升高(P0.05),BMI差异无统计学意义;对照组与治疗前相比,血压明显下降(P0.01),余指标治疗前后差异无统计学意义;两组治疗后TC、LDL-C、HDL-C、HOMA-IR及hs-CRP水平比较差异有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:瑞舒伐他汀治疗高血压病并血脂异常患者,调脂同时降低HOMA-IR及血清hs-CRP水平,有抗炎及改善IR的作用。     

阿托伐他汀对不稳定型心绞痛患者高敏C反应蛋白的影响

为探讨阿托伐他汀治疗不稳定型心绞痛的作用机制,分别应用常规方法(对照组)及阿托伐他汀 常规方法(观察组)治疗不稳定型心绞痛患者,并于治疗前后用生化法测定胆固醇水平[包括总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)],免疫浊度法检测高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP).结果治疗后观察组TC、LDL-C及hs-CRP下降,HDL-C升高(P均<0.05);与对照组比较,观察组治疗后LDL-C、hs-CRP降低,HDL-C升高(P均<0.05).提示阿托伐他汀可通过调脂及抑制炎症反应而对不稳定型心绞痛起治疗作用.     

辛伐他汀联合非诺贝特治疗混合型高脂血症的疗效和安全性探讨

目的 评价辛伐他汀联合非诺贝特治疗混合型高脂血症的疗效和安全性.方法 选择冠心病合并混合型高脂血症患者46例,治疗前2周停服调脂药,随机分为辛伐他汀+非诺贝特联合组(A组n=23)和辛伐他汀单药组(B组n=23)两组.A组患者中男16例,女7例,年龄(60.01±8.25)岁,给予辛伐他汀20 mg,每晚睡前口服,非诺贝特0.1 g,每日2次,连续24周.B组患者中男15例,女8例,年龄(60.00±7.8)岁,给予辛伐他汀20 mg,每晚睡前口服,连续24周,服药前和服药24周后各测定TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、GPT、CK一次.结果 治疗24周后,A组血清总胆固醇降低27.8%,TG下降56%,LDL-C下降41.4%,HDL-C升高22%.B组TC下降15.4%,TG下降11.6%,LDL-C下降24.7%,HDL-C上升11.5%(P<0.05),24周内A组有3例发生不稳定性心绞痛,B组有6例发生不稳定性心绞痛(P<0.05).两组没有患者因为严重不良反应事件而退出.结论 联合应用辛伐他汀和非诺贝特治疗混合型高脂血症与单药相比能更有效地降低高血脂水平,显著降低冠心病发病率,改善预后.     

瑞舒伐他汀对老年高脂血症高敏C反应蛋白的影响及调脂疗效观察

目的探讨瑞舒伐他汀对老年高脂血症患者血清高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的影响、调脂疗效及其安全性。方法检测48例使用瑞舒伐他汀治疗前,以及治疗1、3个月后的老年高脂血症患者血清hs-CRP水平、血脂水平、肝肾功能和肌溶解反应。选取48例年龄与性别相匹配的健康者作为正常对照。结果高脂血症组血清hs-CRP水平高于对照组(P0.01);高脂血症组治疗1、3个月后,hs-CRP、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平均明显下降(P0.01),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平明显上升(P0.01),其中治疗1个月后治疗组hs-CRP水平下降33%,TC水平下降32.18%,TG水平下降12.75%,LDL-C水平下降36.04%,HDL-C水平上升8.07%;治疗3个月后治疗组hs-CRP、TC和LDL-C水平仍明显下降,与治疗1个月后比较,差异有显著性(P0.01)。结论应用瑞舒伐他汀治疗老年高脂血症患者,除调脂效果明显外,尚能显著降低血清hs-CRP水平,并且无明显肝肾功能损害和肌溶解等不良反应。     

麝香保心丸联合瑞舒伐他汀对冠心病心绞痛病人血液流变学及血脂的影响

目的观察麝香保心丸联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗冠心病心绞痛的临床疗效及对病人血液流变学及血脂的影响。方法将120例冠心病心绞痛病人随机分为对照组和观察组,每组60例。两组予以常规治疗:休息、吸氧、硝酸酯类、β受体阻滞剂、利尿剂、钙拮抗剂、血管扩张剂等常规治疗。对照组病人加用瑞舒伐他汀进行治疗,疗程均为8周。观察组在对照组的基础上联合应用麝香保心丸,连续应用8周。观察两组治疗前后病人血清血液流变学、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)含量及血脂[三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)]水平变化。结果治疗后观察组总有效率为90.0%,优于对照组的78.3%,观察组疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,两组病人TC、TG、LDL-C、hs-CRP均下降,HDL-C上升,观察组TC、TG、LDL-C、hs-CRP低于对照组,HDL-C高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗组TG、LDL-C的改善也明显优于对照组;治疗后两组病人全血黏度、血浆黏度、纤维蛋白原均下降,但观察组下降程度高于对照组(P0.05)。结论麝香保心丸联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗冠心病心绞痛,能够明显缓解病人心绞痛症状,改善心肌供血,且有抗炎、降低血脂、改善血液流变的作用。     

心脑舒通对高血压病伴高脂血症患者血脂及超敏C反应蛋白的影响

目的探讨心脑舒通胶囊对高血压病伴高脂血症患者血脂及超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的影响。方法将100例高血压病伴高脂血症患者随机分为观察组(心脑舒通联合辛伐他汀滴丸)50例和对照组(辛伐他汀滴丸)50例,治疗前后分别测定血浆总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和hs-CRP,比较两组血脂及hs-CRP的情况。结果治疗3个月后观察组TC、TG、LDL-C、hs-CRP比对照组明显减低(P0.05),HDL-C明显增高(P0.05)。结论心脑舒通可明显降低高血压病伴高脂血症患者血脂,降低血浆hs-CRP水平。     

辛伐他汀治疗高脂血症疗效观察

目的 观察辛伐他汀治疗高脂血症的疗效.方法 选择高脂血症患者50例,除给予饮食控制、适量运动外,每晚睡前顿服辛伐他汀20 mg,连续用药12周.比较治疗前后的总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇( HDL-C)及甘油三脂(TG)水平.结果 经辛伐他汀治疗12周后,本组患者TC、TG及LDL-C水平分别为(4.33 ±0.72)、(1.62±0.63)、(2.71±0.39) mmol/L,与治疗前的(6.21 ±0.78)、(2.21±0.69)、(4.12 ±0.45) mmol/L相比明显下降；而治疗后HDL-C水平为(1.42±0.38) mmol/L,比治疗前的(1.13±0.24) mmol/L明显升高,P均＜0.05.治疗12周后,TC总有效率82％,TG总有效率62％,LDL-C总有效率78％,HDL-C总有效率56％.结论 辛伐他汀治疗高脂血症效果确切.     

丹田降脂丸联合辛伐他汀对慢性脑供血不足患者血脂及血清超敏C反应蛋白的影响

目的 观察丹田降脂丸和辛伐他汀联合治疗对慢性脑供血不足患者血脂及超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平的影响.方法 将114例慢性脑供血不足患者随机分为对照组、辛伐他汀组、联合组.对照组给予常规治疗;辛伐他汀组在常规治疗基础上加用辛伐他汀片20 mg,每日1次口服;联合组在常规治疗基础上加用丹田降脂丸2 g,每日2次、辛伐他汀片20 mg每日1次口服.3组分别测血脂、hs-CRP水平浓度.结果 治疗后联合组、辛伐他汀组总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、hs-CRP水平均明显下降,与对照组相比有统计学意义(P<0.05),联合组较辛伐他汀组TC、LDL-C下降水平无明显差异(P>0.05),联合组较辛伐他汀组hs-CRP、TG下降和高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)升高水平有明显差异(P<0.05).治疗期间无明显不良反应发生.结论 丹田降脂丸和辛伐他汀联合治疗可有效改善慢性脑供血不足患者的血脂水平,降低血清hs-CRP,有效抑制炎性反应,延缓动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成及发展.     

辛伐他汀对冠脉支架术后再狭窄和血脂及炎症因子的影响

目的探讨辛伐他汀对冠心病患者冠脉支架植入术后再狭窄以及对血脂和高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平的影响。方法118例冠心病冠脉支架植入术患者,随机分为辛伐他汀治疗组(n=62)和对照组(n=56),对照组常规采用肠溶阿司匹林片(100mg/d)和波立维片(75mg/d)口服,治疗组在此基础上每晚加用辛伐他汀片40mg,疗程均为6个月,疗程结束后随即冠脉造影,比较两组支架植入术后再狭窄率的差别,以及两组患者血清总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、甘油三脂(TG)和hs-CRP水平。结果治疗组冠脉支架术后再狭窄率明显低于对照组(P<0.01),无论是普通支架亚组还是雷帕霉素洗脱支架亚组(DES)均有相似的结果(P均<0.01),术后6月,治疗组血清TC、LDL-C、TG和hS-CRP水平均明显低于对照组(P<0.01和0.05),而HDL-C却明显高于对照组(P<0.05),两组均无死亡病例。结论辛伐他汀(40mg/d)可明显降低冠脉支架术后再狭窄率,同时具有良好的调脂和减轻炎症反应的作用,安全性良好。     

Three layer functional model and energy exchange concept of aging process

Relying on a certain degree of abstraction, we can propose that no particular distinction exists between animate or living matter and inanimate matter. While focusing attention on some specifics, the dividing line between the two can be drawn. The most apparent distinction is in the level of structural and functional organization with the dissimilar streams of ‘energy flow’ between the observed entity and the surrounding environment. In essence, living matter is created from inanimate matter which is organized to contain internal intense energy processes and maintain lower intensity energy exchange processes with the environment. Taking internal and external energy processes into account, we contend in this paper that living matter can be referred to as matter of dissipative structure, with this structure assumed to be a common quality of all living creatures and living matter in general. Interruption of internal energy conversion processes and terminating the controlled energy exchange with the environment leads to degeneration of dissipative structure and reduction of the same to inanimate matter, (gas, liquid and/or solid inanimate substances), and ultimately what can be called ‘death.’ This concept of what we call dissipative nature can be extended from living organisms to social groups of animals, to mankind. An analogy based on the organization of matter provides a basis for a functional model of living entities. The models relies on the parallels among the three central structures of any cell (nucleus, cytoplasm and outer membrane) and the human body (central organs, body fluids along with the connective tissues, and external skin integument). This three-part structural organization may be observed almost universally in nature. It can be observed from the atomic structure to the planetary and intergalactic organizations. This similarity is corroborated by the membrane theory applied to living organisms. According to the energy nature of living matter and the proposed functional model, the decreased integrity of a human body's external envelope membrane is a first cause of the structural degradation and aging of the entire organism. The aging process than progresses externally to internally, as in single cell organisms, suggesting that much of the efforts towards the restoration and maintenance of the mechanisms responsible for structural development should be focused accordingly, on the membrane, i.e., the skin. Numerous reports indicate that all parts of the human body, like: bones, blood with blood vessels, muscles, skin, and so on, have some ability for restoration. Therefore, actual revival of not only aging tissue of the human body's membrane, but the entire human body enclosed within, with all internal organs, might be expected. We assess several aging theories within the context of our model and provide suggestions on how to activate the body's own anti-aging mechanisms and increase longevity. This paper presents some analogies and some distinctions that exist between the living dissipative structure matter and inanimate matter, discusses the aging process and proposes certain aging reversal solutions.     

Unusual responses of nocturnal pineal melatonin synthesis and secretion to swimming: Attempts to define mechanisms

Abstract: The effect of swimming at night on rat pineal melatonin synthesis was compared with that of light exposure at night. Rats were forced to swim at 0030 hr (lights out at 2000 hr) and sacrificed by decapitation 15 and 30 min later, immediately after swimming. Other groups of animals were exposed to white light (650μW/cm²) for 15 and 30 min at same time. Swimming caused a rapid and highly significant drop in the melatonin content in the pineal gland; however, the activity of N-acetyltransferase (NAT), the supposed rate limiting enzyme in the melatonin production, was not changed. Despite the drop in pineal melatonin levels, serum concentrations of the indole remained elevated in the rats that swam. In contrast, melatonin levels in the pineal and serum of light exposed rats fell precipitously, accompanied by a significant suppression of NAT activity. Since we anticipated that the strenuous exercise associated with swimming may induce release of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) from the heart, which in turn could cause the release of pineal melatonin, in a second study we injected physiological saline intravenously to stretch the cardiac muscle and release ANP. Three milliliters of normal saline was injected during the day into the jugular vein of anesthetized rats that were pretreated with isoproterenol to stimulate pineal melatonin production. Animals were killed 15 min after the saline injection, and pineal NAT activity and pineal melatonin levels were measured. The saline injections caused no alteration in the elevated levels of either NAT or melatonin. These data suggest that the disparity in pineal NAT activity (which was high) and pineal melatonin (which was low), in animals swum at night, may not be caused by ANP which is released during strenuous exercise such as swimming.     

Melatonin and photoperiodic time measurement: Seasonal breeding in the sheep

Abstract: Well-established circadian physiology supports the view that photoperiodic time measurement utilizes the coincidence between the presence of light and a photosensitive phase of a 'biological clock' to alter reproductive status—the so-called external coincidence model of seasonal breeding. In this review, we examine the mechanism whereby photoperiod interacts with presumed suprachiasmatic nuclei activity to allow endogenous melatonin to normally synchronize reproductive activity to the optimal time of year. The Romney Marsh sheep is particularly explored as an experimental model. It is suggested that the on/off activity of seasonal reproduction may be a robust mechanism able to be predictably manipulated by the judicious use of the light/dark cycle and exogenous melatonin, but firmly based on circadian principles.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Serological survey of HIV and syphilis in pregnant women in Madagascar

Objectives Peripartal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Treponema pallidum, the causative agent of syphilis, leads to severe consequences for newborns. Preventive measures require awareness of the maternal infection. Although HIV and syphilis testing in Madagascar could be theoretically carried out within the framework of the national pregnancy follow‐up scheme, the required test kits are rarely available at peripheral health centres. In this study, we screened blood samples of pregnant Madagascan women for HIV and syphilis seroprevalence to estimate the demand for systemic screening in pregnancy. Methods Retrospective anonymous serological analysis for HIV and syphilis was performed in plasma samples from 1232 pregnant women that were taken between May and July 2010 in Ambositra, Ifanadiana, Manakara, Mananjary, Moramanga and Tsiroanomandidy (Madagascar) during pregnancy follow‐up. Screening was based on Treponema pallidum haemagglutination tests for syphilis and rapid tests for HIV, with confirmation of positive screening results on line assays. Results Out of 1232 pregnant women, none were seropositive for HIV and 37 (3%) were seropositive for Treponema pallidum. Conclusions Our findings are in line with previous studies that describe considerable syphilis prevalence in the rural Madagascan population. The results suggest a need for screening to prevent peripartal Treponema pallidum transmission, while HIV is still rare. If they are known, Treponema pallidum infections can be easily, safely and inexpensively treated even in pregnancy to reduce the risk of transmission.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Variabilité des concentrations plasmatiques de l’angiotensinogène et risque d’hypertension artérielle chez le rat transgénique

Aim

Genetic polymorphisms of the human angiotensinogen gene are frequent and may induce up to 30% increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations with a blood pressure increase of up to 5 mmHg. Their role for the pathogenesis of human arterial hypertension remains unclear. High plasma angiotensinogen levels could increase the sensitivity to other blood pressure stressors.

Methods

Male transgenic rats with a 9-fold increase of plasma angiotensinogen concentrations and male non-transgenic rats aged 10 weeks were treated or not with NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester for 3 weeks in their drinking water (n = 3/group). Systolic blood pressure and body weight were measured at baseline and at the end of the study when left ventricular weight and ventricular expression of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and procollagen Iα1 were determined (polymerase chain reaction).

Results

At baseline, transgenic rats had +18 mmHg higher bood pressure and –8% lower body weight compared to non-transgenic rats (P < 0.05) without significant changes for the vehicle groups throughout the study (P > 0.05). NG-Nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester increased blood pressure, left ventricular weight and left ventricular weight indexed for body weight by +41%, +17.6% and +18.6% (P < 0.05) in transgenic and +25%, +5.3% and +6.7% (P > 0.05) in non-transgenic rats compared to untreated animals, respectively. Cardiac gene expression showed no differences between groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Increased plasma angiotensinogen levels may sensitize to additional blood pressure stressors. Our preliminary results point towards an independent role of angiotensinogen in the pathogenesis of human hypertension and associated end-organ damage.