MSCT门静脉成像对门脉高压症中门静脉血栓形成与临床病情关系的研究

目的:采用64排螺旋CT门静脉成像探讨肝硬化(LC)门脉高压症(PH)门静脉血栓(PVT)形成对临床病程进展的影响。方法:对183例LC患者行CT检查,其中并发PVT者109例,无血栓者74例,应用MIP、MPR、CPR方法多角度多层面显示门静脉系统血管结构和侧支循环,测量血栓范围和狭窄程度。分别比较PVT组和对照组之间、不同Child-Pugh(CP)分级亚组间的肝功能、凝血功能、门脉系统血管宽度、侧支循环、脾脏大小的差异,分析PVT组各影像特征之间及其与肝功能的相关性。结果:PVT组与对照组间的血清总胆红素、门静脉和脾静脉宽度、脾面积、脾/胃-肾分流的差异均有统计学意义(t=-2.830、P=0.005;t=3.576、P<0.001;t=0.780、P=0.043;t=3.491、P=0.001;χ2=5.350、P=0.021),PVT组平均值均较高,且在CP的B和/或C级下差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),A级中差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);前腹壁静脉曲张在各分级中差异均有统计学意义(χ2=4.485,P=0.034)。PVT组肠系膜上静脉血栓与肠壁水肿有一定的相关性(r=0.227,P=0.018);脾静脉与胃左静脉宽度有一定的相关性(r=0.371,P<0.001)。结论:门静脉血栓形成与门脉高压症病情密切相关,可能为促进肝硬化临床病程发展的重要因素。     

Prepancreatic postduodenal portal vein: a new hypothesis for the development of the portal venous system

The prepancreatic postduodenal portal vein (PPPV) is an unusual anomaly, having been reported in only 11 cases including ours. Although its incidence is rare, this anomaly can cause intraoperative complications such as hemorrhage from the abnormal vein. Radiologists therefore need to be aware of this anomaly and, when identifi ed, report it to surgeons before surgery. Here we report two cases of PPPV and present a new hypothesis for development of the portal venous system.     

Hepatocellular carcinoma involving the portal vein

A case of hepatocellular carcinoma with invasion of the portal vein is reported. A tumor defect within the dilated portal vein is well demonstrated by computed tomography, and its appearance is compatible with the "thread and streaks" sign seen on hepatic angiography.     

CT findings of portal vein aneurysm caused by gastric adenocarcinoma invading the portal vein

The known causes of acquired origin portal vein aneurysm are portal hypertension, pancreatitis and trauma. We describe the CT findings of an additional cause of acquired origin portal vein aneurysm, namely gastric adenocarcinoma invading the portal venous system.     

肝硬化患者CT门静脉血管成像中门静脉侧支血管的表现

目的 分析肝硬化患者在16排螺旋CT门静脉血管成像(CTPV)上门静脉侧支血管的表现.方法 对36例经临床、肝功能和影像学检查诊断为肝硬化门静脉高压的患者行腹部CTPV检查,经图像后处理,获得门静脉系统及侧支血管三维重建图像.结果 CTPV可以直观地显示门静脉系统及整个门静脉侧支循环系统.36例病例中显示胃左静脉曲张29例(80.6%),食管下段静脉曲张18例(50.0%),胃短/W后静脉曲张15例(41.7%),食管旁静脉曲张9例(25.0%),胃-肾/脾-肾分流8例(22.2%),门静脉海绵样变7例(19.4%),脐静脉与腹壁静脉曲张6例(16.7%),椎旁静脉分流4例(11.1%).结论 CTPV能很好地显示肝硬化患者门脉高压侧支循环的开放部位、范围及严重程度,对判断病情、选择治疗方案及估计预后有重要的临床应用价值.     

Transjugular portal venous stenting in inflammatory extrahepatic portal vein stenosis

We report the case of a 37-year-old man with necrotizing pancreatitis associated with inflammatory extrahepatic portal vein stenosis and progressive ascites. Four months after the acute onset, when no signs of infection were present, portal decompression was performed to treat refractory ascites. Transjugular transhepatic venoplasty failed to dilate the stenosis in the extrahepatic portion of the portal vein sufficiently. Therefore a Wallstent was implanted, resulting in almost normal diameter of the vessel. In follow-up imaging studies the stent and the portal vein were still patent 12 months after the intervention and total resolution of the ascites was observed.     

Pancreatic portal cavernoma in patients with cavernous transformation of the portal vein: MR findings

The purpose of the article was to prospectively evaluate the MR findings of pancreatic portal cavernoma in a consecutive series of patients with cavernous transformation of the portal vein. This study was approved by the review board of our institution, and informed consent was obtained. The clinical and biological data and the MR imaging for 20 patients (11 female, 9 male; median age, 49 years) with cavernous transformation of the portal vein and no evidence of previous pancreatic disease were reviewed. The presence of pancreatic portal cavernoma (defined as intra- and/or peripancreatic portal cavernoma), morphological changes in the pancreas, biliary and ductal pancreatic abnormalities, and extension of the portal venous thrombosis were qualitatively assessed. Fifteen patients (75%) had pancreatic portal cavernoma with collateral formation in the pancreas and/or collaterals around the pancreas seen on dynamic contrast-enhanced MR sequences: three patients had both intra- and peripancreatic portal cavernoma, six had intrapancreatic portal cavernoma alone and six had peripancreatic portal cavernoma only. The presence of intra- or peripancreatic portal cavernoma was significantly associated with extension of the thrombosis to the splenic and superior mesenteric veins (p = 0.05). Morphological changes in the pancreas, heterogeneity on T2-weighted sequences and main ductal pancreatic abnormalities were seen in two, four and two patients, respectively. All these patients had intrapancreatic portal cavernoma. Bile duct dilatation was observed in 13 (65%) patients: among them three had extrahepatic dilatation only and these three patients had associated intrapancreatic portal cavernoma. In patients with cavernous transformation of the portal vein, intra- or peripancreatic portal cavernoma is common. In conclusion, intra- or peripancreatic portal cavernoma was only observed in patients with extension of the thrombosis to the splenic vein and/or the superior mesenteric vein.     

Radioisotopic flow scanning for portal blood flow and portal hypertension

The use of a simple, noninvasive, isotope scanning technique for the determination of relative portal blood flow and detection of portal hypertension is described. Using this technique the presence of portal hypertension was demonstrated in seven of nine patients known to have elevated portal venous pressure. By contrast, esophageal varices were demonstrated in only five of these patients, illustrating the potential value of the method. Furthermore, this technique has been adapted to the study of portal blood flow in patients with myeloproliferative disorders with splenomegaly but without disturbances in hepatic architecture. Results demonstrate that the high relative splenic flow resulting from the presence of splenomegaly may in turn be associated with elevated relative portal blood flow and portal hypertension. The theoretic reasons for the development of flow-related portal hypertension and its relationship to splenic blood flow are discussed.     

Correlation between portal blood iodine concentrations and radiographic visualization of the portal vein in arterial portography

Portal blood iodine concentrations and the radiographic visualization of the portal vein were compared in five dogs (50 portograms). The portal blood iodine concentrations required for a certain degree of portal vein opacification varied considerably. However, an overall significant difference was found in the portal blood iodine concentrations of different degrees of portal vein visualization. An increase in the portal blood iodine concentrations from 0 to 30 mg per ml was associated with an overall improvement of the portal vein visualization. With a blood iodine concentration of 30 mg per ml, an excellent visualization of the portal system was always achieved that could no longer be improved by further increasing the portal blood iodine concentration up to 50 mg per ml. For a reliable diagnostic visualization of portal vein contributaries and branches, a blood iodine concentration of 30 mg per ml appears required; whereas for the visualization of the larger portal vein, 15 mg per ml appears sufficient.