冠状动脉左前降支植入支架后对左心功能的影响

目的:观察和分析冠状动脉左前降支植入支架术后对冠心病并发左心功能不全的患者心功能的影响。方法: 随机选取139例冠状动脉脉左前降支狭窄或闭塞的冠心病患者,均并发不同程度左心功能不全, 依照经济条件和自愿原则分为两组:经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)组（72例）和单纯药物治疗组(SDT,67例）,分别于PCI术前(或SDT治疗前)和术后(或SDT治疗后)1个月、6个月检测心脏左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左室收缩末期内径(LVESD)、左室射血分数(LVEF)和 N末端脑钠尿肽原(NT proBNP),比较两组患者治疗后1、6个月左心功能指标的改变。结果: PCI术后6个月与术前比较,以及SDT治疗后6个月与SDT治疗前比较,LVEDD、LVESD、NTpro BNP均明显降低(P<005),LVEF明显升高(P<005),有统计学意义; PCI组术后6个月与SDT组治疗后6个月比较,LVEDD、LVESD均显著降低(P<005),LVEF升高(P<005);而PCI术后1个月与术前比较, 以及SDT治疗后1个月与SDT治疗前比较,上述心功能相关指标无统计学差异。结论: 冠状动脉左前降支植入支架术后,明显改善左心功能。     

老年高血压伴左室肥厚对左心功能的影响

目的 :探讨老年高血压伴左室肥厚对心功能的影响。方法 :应用核素心血池扫描的方法 ,对老年高血压伴左室肥厚和无左室肥厚的患者 ,进行了左室射血分数 (LVEF)、左室高峰射血率 (PER)、左室高峰充盈率(PFR)、1/ 3充盈分数 (1/ 3FF)及相角程 (PA)的测定 ,并进行比较。结果 :伴左室肥厚的患者PFR、1/ 3FF明显低于无左室肥厚的患者 ,PA明显高于无左室肥厚的患者。结论 :老年高血压伴左室肥厚对心功能的影响 ,主要表现为对舒张功能的影响 ;左室肥厚导致的心室肌纤维化、顺应性下降和运动协调性异常 ,是影响舒张功能的重要原因     

rhGH对梗阻性黄疸患者术后免疫功能的影响

目的: 探讨重组人生长激素(rhGH)对梗阻性黄疸患者术后免疫功能的影响及临床意义.方法: 采用前瞻、随机、对照方法,对入选36例患者分为对照组(A组,n = 18)、rhGH组(B组,n = 18),B组加用rhGH,检测2组治疗前和治疗后1、8 d细胞免疫指标(CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+)、体液免疫指标(IgM、IgA、IgG)和免疫调节因子(IL-2、IL-6、TNF-α)的动态水平,并观察2组患者并发症和病死率的变化.结果: B组治疗后8 d与A组比较,CD3+、CD4+、CD4+/CD8+指标升高水平明显(42.32%±4.19% vs 31.51%±4.42%;26.36%±4.25%vs 19.29%±4.27%;1.22±0.20 vs 0.95±0.12,均P<0.05);IgA、IgG和IgM浓度明显升高(2.42±0.11 g/L vs 1.41±013 g/L;6.88±0.18g/L vs 4.89±0.15 g/L;1.84±0.18 g/L vs 1.28±0.24 g/L,均P<0.05);IL-6和TNF-α下降明显(0.42±0.11 mg/L vs 0.86±0.10 mg/L;11.04±1.52 pmol/L vs 18.24±1.22 pmol/L,均P<0.05),IL-2浓度显著升高(1.92±0.15 mg/L vs 1.14±0.12 mg/L,P<0.05);B组并发症发生率和病死率明显低于A组(22.22% vs 44.44%,0.00% vs5.56%,均P<0.05).结论: rhGH对梗阻性黄疸患者术后免疫功能具有直接的调理作用,能明显改善患者的免疫状态,有利于患者康复.     

Influence of surgery for ischemic heart disease on early postoperative left ventricular function

The pre- and postoperative systolic time intervals, hemodynamics and serum catecholamines were studied in 30 patients with successful myocardial revascularization surgery or left ventricular aneurysmectomy and the influence of the surgery on the left ventricular function was evaluated. 1. Significant depression of left ventricular performance was recognized in the group of patients with left ventricular aneurysm as compared to the patients with angina pectoris with or without previous myocardial infarction before the operation. 2. At 2 hours after the operation, signigicant decrease of ET/PEP, cardiac index and stroke work index and marked elevation of systemic vascular resistance were seen in the group of patients with aortocoronary bypass surgery who had previous myocardial infarction and with left ventricular aneurysmectomy as compared to the group of patients without previous myocardial infarction. 3. At 2 hours after the operation, ET/PEP seemed to reflect the left ventricular stroke work and the depression of the left ventricular function was mainly affected by the elevation of systemic vascular resistance due to the hypersecrection of serum catecholamines. 4. Reduction of systemic vascular resistance by vasodilator brought an improvement of EG/PEP, cardiac index and stroke work index.     

心室功能对主动脉瓣关闭不全外科治疗效果的影响

目的 分析主动脉瓣关闭不伞合并不同程度左心室功能障碍患者的临床资料,探讨左心室功能对此类患者外科手术风险及早期疗效的影响.方法 回顾性分析2001年1月至2008年12月144例主动脉瓣关闭不全患者的临床资料,按左心室射血分数(LVEF)将其分为3组(LVEF<35%组,LVEF35%～45%组和LVEF45%～55%...     

择期经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术对左室功能的影响

目的:选择行择期PTCA的38例首次急性心肌梗死患者,测定其术前、后的左心功能,旨在探讨择期PTCA对左室功能的影响。方法:所有患者均于PTCA术前1～2天及术后1周、3个月进行心脏彩超检查。超声检查左室功能指标包括:容量指标:EDV、ESV;收缩功能指标:EF、△T％;舒张功能指标:E/A、ACT_E。结果:PTCA术后1周与术前相比:EDV、ESV和ACT_E有所减少,EF、△T％有所增高,但均未达统计学意义。PTCA术后3个月与术前相比:EDV、ESV有明显降低(P<0.05),EF、△T％有明显增高(P<0.05),E/A、ACT_E有继续改善趋势,但未达统计学意义。结论:AMI接受择期PTCA有益于患者左室功能的恢复,术后1周改善不显著,至术后3个月除左室舒张功能外均有显著改善。     

心肌梗死前心绞痛对心肌梗死后近远期心功能的影响

目的：探讨梗死前心绞痛对心肌梗死左室功能的影响。方法：129例首次AMI患者，按既往有无梗死前心绞痛分为3组：A组44例，梗死前无心绞痛史；B组40例，梗死前1个月内有心绞痛，且梗死前48h内至少有一次典型心绞痛发作；C组45例，梗死1个月前有心绞痛；监测心肌梗死后12～19个月的左室功能。结果：①C组患者双支以上血管病变多于A组和B组（P〈0．05）；②CK-MB峰值水平B组患者低于A组患者和C组患者（P〈0．01）；③组内比较，所有患者LVDd均降低（P〈0．05），B组患者LVEF增高（P〈0．01），A组和B组患者E／A增高（P〈0．05）；组间比较，B组患者LVEDd低于A组（P〈0．05），B组患者LVEF、E／A均高于A组和C组患者（P〈0．01）；④于3组患者中，梗死后主要心脏事件（除外严重心律失常）B组最少，C组最多（P〈0．05～〈0．01）。结论：梗死前1个月内心绞痛可保护梗死后近期与远期左心室功能、降低梗死后心脏事件发生率。     

重症心脏瓣膜置换术前后右心室功能的研究

目的　观察重症心脏瓣膜置换患者手术前后右心室功能的变化。方法　应用核素心室造影与超声心动图测定 35例重症心脏瓣膜置换术患者手术前后右心室功能。结果　右心室射血分数与肺动脉压呈负相关 (r= 0 5 2 ,P <0 0 5 )、与左室舒张末径呈负相关 (r= 0 5 5 ,P <0 0 5 )、与三尖瓣反流面积呈负相关 (r= 0 77,P <0 0 1) ;术后右心室功能较术前明显改善 (P <0 0 1)。结论　瓣膜病变患者右心室功能不全与三尖瓣关闭不全、左室扩大、肺动脉高压、右心室肥厚等因素有关 ,瓣膜置换术后右心室功能可明显改善。     

Endoventriculoplasty using autologous endocardium for anterior left ventricular aneurysms

BACKGROUND: There is currently consensus that endoventriculoplasty is the treatment of choice for an anterior left ventricular aneurysm. We describe here a new technique of endoventriculoplasty using autologous endocardium for left ventricular anterior aneurysm. METHOD: From 1990 until 2003, 49 patients underwent endoventriculoplasty using autologous pericardium at the Thoraxcenter of the University Hospital of Groningen in the Netherlands (28 patients) and at the Department of Cardio Thoracic Surgery of the University Hospital of Pisa in Italy (21 patients). Mean logistic EuroSCORE and mean ejection fraction were 15.7 +/- 6.7 and 31 +/- 9 %, respectively. RESULTS: Overall 30-day mortality was 4.1 %. Causes of in-hospital mortality were low output syndrome (1 patient) and ventricular fibrillation (1 patient). Postoperative complications were myocardial infarct (4.1 %), low output syndrome (6.1 %), renal failure (4.1 %), neurological events (2.0 %), atrial fibrillation (14.3 %), ventricular fibrillation or tachycardia (6.1 %), ARDS (4.1 %), re-operation for bleeding (4.1 %), and major wound infection (2.0 %). CONCLUSION: Our analysis shows that endoventriculoplasty with autologous endocardium is a safe procedure and improves the outcome in high-risk patients with ventricular aneurysm.     

Coronary artery aneurysms: study of the etiology, clinical course and effect on left ventricular function and prognosis.

Coronary artery aneurysms were found in 16 men between 37 and 62 years of age, mean 51 years. Aneurysms were of two types: saccular and fusiform. They involved the right coronary artery in 13 (87 per cent), the circumflex artery in eight (50 per cent) and the left anterior descending artery in five (31 per cent). In some patients, more than one vessel was involved. Twelve patients presented with angina pectoris, three with congestive heart failure and one with both. Five were in functional class II, eight were in class III and three were in class IV at the beginning of the study. The electrocardiogram showed evidence of previous myocardial infarction in four patients; four patients had left ventricular hypertrophy, one had left axis deviation, one had left bundle branch block, one had right bundle branch block, two had first degree atrioventricular block and seven had abnormalities in the S-T segment and T wave. Obstructive coronary disease was present in all; the obstruction score was from 1 to 4 in three patients, from 5 to 9 in four patients and from 10 to 14 in the remaining nine. Similar aneurysms were found in the pulmonary artery of one patient and in the abdominal aorta of three patients; in seven of 14 patients with adequate venous angiograms, varicosities of the coronary venous tree were observed. Left ventricular dysfunction and angina pectoris were noted in patients with significant obstructive coronary disease (greater than 70 per cent) and also in patients without obstruction but with coronary aneurysms. Ten patients were treated surgically; nine underwent aortocoronary bypass and one mitral valve replacement. Criteria for bypass was the presence of obstructive disease and medically unresponsive angina pectoris. All but one surgically treated patient showed improvement. The functional class in medically treated patients was unchanged. Fourteen patients were still alive at the completion of the study. The findings of this study suggest that angina pectoris and left ventricular dysfunction can occur with coronary artery aneurysm without coronary artery obstructions. Coronary aneurysms may be a subset of atherosclerosis, and this process may involve other vascular territories. The prognosis in those patients appears to be no worse than in patients with obstructive coronary disease and no aneurysms.     

Influence of left ventricular function on outcome of patients treated with implantable defibrillators.

BACKGROUND. The outcomes of patients treated with implantable defibrillators were compared between patients with left ventricular ejection fraction greater than or equal to 30% and less than 30%. METHODS AND RESULTS. Of 68 consecutive patients treated with implantable defibrillators, 40 patients (group 1) had left ventricular ejection fraction greater than or equal to 30%, and 28 patients (group 2) had left ventricular ejection fraction less than 30%. Sudden death, surgical mortality, nonsudden arrhythmia-related death (death within 24 hours after an arrhythmic event despite initial termination of the arrhythmia by the implantable defibrillator), total arrhythmia-related death (including sudden death, surgical death, and nonsudden arrhythmia-related death), and total cardiac death were compared between the two groups. Surgical mortality was 4.4% (0% in group 1, 11% in group 2). During the follow-up of 31 +/- 27 months, actuarial survival rates free of events were 97%, 97%, and 97% in group 1 and 96%, 91%, and 82% in group 2 at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively, for sudden death (p = NS); 97%, 97%, and 97% in group 1 and 85%, 81%, and 72% in group 2 at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively, for sudden death and surgical mortality (p less than 0.05); 97%, 97%, and 97% in group 1 and 82%, 78%, and 70% in group 2 at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively, for total arrhythmia-related death (p less than 0.05); and 95%, 95%, and 95% in group 1 and 82%, 69%, and 57% in group 2 at 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively, for total cardiac death (p less than 0.05). Four (57%) of seven nonsudden cardiac deaths during the initial 36-month follow-up period were causally related to arrhythmia (three surgical deaths and one arrhythmia-related nonsudden death). CONCLUSIONS. The outcome of patients treated with implantable defibrillators is strongly influenced by the degree of left ventricular dysfunction. In group 1 patients, surgical mortality, sudden death, and total cardiac death are rare. In group 2, sudden death rate may not be markedly different from that of group 1 patients. However, the risk of therapy (surgical mortality) is high. Many nonsudden cardiac deaths are causally related to arrhythmia (surgical mortality or nonsudden arrhythmia-related death). Therefore, the survival rate free of total arrhythmia-related death is significantly lower in group 2 (70% versus 97% in group 1 at 3 years). Further studies are needed to determine the roles of defibrillator therapy and other therapies in various clinical settings.     

Myocardial apoptosis predicts postoperative course after aortic valve replacement in patients with severe left ventricular hypertrophy

BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: Myocardial apoptosis has been implicated in heart failure and post-infarct remodeling. In some patients with severe aortic stenosis, delayed valvular replacement is associated with a poor in-hospital outcome. The study aim was to evaluate the impact of cardiomyocyte apoptosis on the postoperative course after aortic valve replacement (AVR) for severe aortic stenosis. METHODS: During elective AVR, myocardial biopsies were obtained from the left ventricle of 11 patients with severe left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and the samples analyzed for apoptosis. RESULTS: The mean apoptotic rate was 10.4 +/- 3.7 per thousand. (range: 5-16 per thousand). The apoptotic rate correlated directly with preoperative NYHA functional class, duration of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, number of days of postoperative acute renal insufficiency, and serum level of troponin T at 24 h; the apoptotic rate correlated inversely with cardiac index at 24 h postoperatively. At multivariate analysis, the apoptotic rate and left ventricular mass index were independent predictors of prolonged ICU stay. The apoptotic rate and duration of cardiopulmonary bypass were predictive of the duration of postoperative acute renal insufficiency. CONCLUSION: The study results showed an association between myocardial apoptosis and postoperative outcome in patients with severe LVH submitted for AVR. Non-invasive correlates of apoptosis may be introduced as a means of identifying patients at a higher operative risk, and may help in the evaluation of asymptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis. Anti-apoptotic strategies before and during surgery would possibly ameliorate the surgical results.     

Follow-up of patients with anterior wall aneurysms using radionuclide ventriculography

32 patients with a large anterolateral aneurysm were studied by using biplane ventricular angiography and rest and exercise radionuclide ventriculography (gated-blood-pool method). The correlation coefficient of biplane ejection fraction by angiography and radionuclide ventriculography was poor (r = 0.65), but repeated investigations and interobserver comparison showed nearly identical values, therefore we used the gated-blood-pool method (GBP) for follow-up investigations in patients with an aneurysm of the anterolateral wall. 11 patients were studied before and 17 +/- 6 months after left ventricular aneurysmectomy. Resting ejection fraction (LVEF) increased significantly from 28 +/- 8 to 38 +/- 8% (p less than 0.005), but exercise LVEF did not. In 21 patients with medical therapy the second GBP measurement after 16 +/- 6 months showed so significant changes in biplane LVEF (33 +/- 9 and 31 +/- 7%, respectively). During exercise LVEF remained unchanged after aneurysmectomy but increased slightly by 5% (p less than 0.05) in the medically treated group. The regional wall motion was unchanged in patients with medical therapy, but after aneurysmectomy there was a significant increase in local ejection fractions in the anterolateral, apical and posterolateral region. The gated-blood-pool methods is suitable for the determination of left ventricular function in patients with anterolateral aneurysm and may be used for follow-up studies. Left ventricular aneurysmectomy is effective in improving resting ventricular function, whereas in patients with medical therapy LV function remains unchanged.     

早期康复运动对急性右室梗死病人心功能的影响

目的：观察急性右室梗死病人住期康复运动方案的特点及其疗效。方法：２３例急性右室梗死病人,均合并下壁、后壁或前壁心肌梗死,其中１８例经血管造影发现右冠脉梗死。待病情稳定后均参加３阶段康复运动治疗,根据完成康复运动的天数将病人分为运动１１天（ｎ＝１５）以上和运动１０天（ｎ＝８）以下两组,对比运动后两组心功能容量,冠脉组梗死程度。数量及心功能的差异。结果：运动后心功能容量与康复运动次数呈正相关ｒ＝０．８     

Pre- and postoperative left ventricular contractile function in patients with aortic valve disease.

In 43 patients left ventricular micromanometry and cineangiography were performed preoperatively and and 20 months after aortic valve replacement. A score of left ventricular functional impairment, derived from 5 to 8 haemodynamic variables, was calculated as: number of pathological indices x 100/total number of determined indices. Preoperatively the score of left ventricular functional impairment amounted to 35 per cent in group 1 (aortic stenosis: n = 19), to 61 per cent in group 2 (combined lesion:n = 15) (P less than 0.05), and to 87 per cent in group 3 (aortic regurgitation: n = 9) (P less than 0.001). In contrast, the functional classification according to the NYHA showed similar impairment in the 3 groups. Postoperatively the score of left ventricular functional impairment decreased significantly in all 3 groups to 10, 16, and 27 per cent, respectively, but the score of group 3 remained raised (P less than 0.05) as compared with that of group 1. The patients with residual left ventricular dysfunction had a higher preoperative left ventricular muscle mass than the patients with normal or near normal postoperative left ventricular function. It is concluded that (1) at similar functional impairment according to the NYHA classification left ventricular contractile function is more severely impaired in aortic regurgitation and in aortic regurgitation + aortic stenosis than in aortic stenosis alone, (2) left ventricular function improves significantly after valve replacement in all three forms of aortic valve disease, (3) residual functional impairment is greater in aortic regurgitation than in aortic stenosis or aortic stenosis + aortic regurgitation, and (4) persistent postoperative left ventricular functional impairment is found in the patients with severe preoperative hypertrophy.