气囊助产58例临床效果观察

目的 探讨气囊助产术在阴道自然分娩的有效性与安全性.方法 选择我院2010年11月至2011年9月拟阴道分娩患者116例,按照入院顺序分为观察组和对照组各58例.观察组在产程潜伏期即开始使用气囊助产者.对照组产程过程中不使用气囊助产.比较两组的产程进展,阴道分娩成功率、新生儿情况及分娩期并发症等.结果 气囊助产组各产程均短于对照组,阴道分娩成功率为86.2%,明显高于对照组73.24%.两组分娩期并发症比较差异无统计学意义,均未发生产褥期感染.结论 气囊助产安全可靠,容易掌握,使用得当,明显缩短产程,减少产时并发症,提高分娩质量,达到产时优生.     

TD-200G气囊助产仪助产300例临床分析

气囊助产仪是一种安全有效的助产技术,较传统方式相比可缩短产程,减轻产妇痛苦,能达到计划分娩和产时优生的目的.我院对150例病人行气囊助产仪助产,取得了良好的效果.现报告如下.……     

TD-200G气囊助产仪助产300例临床分析

气囊助产仪是一种安全有效的助产技术，较传统方式相比可缩短产程，减轻产妇痛苦，能达到计划分娩和产时优生的目的。我院对150例病人行气囊助产仪助产，取得了良好的效果。现报告如下。     

Doula分娩的临床意义

目的:通过对150例Doula分娩孕妇的临床观察,探求Doula分娩的临床意义。方法:正常足月头位孕妇300例,无头盆不称,均排除妊娠并发症,随机分为Doula分娩组及正常足月分娩组(简称对照组)各150例。结果:Doula分娩组的剖宫产率、产钳助产率、产后2 h出血量及新生儿窒息发生率均明显低于对照组(P<0.01);Doula组孕妇的第一产程、第二产程及总产程均短于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:Doula分娩可降低剖宫产率,减少产科干预率,缩短产程,减少产科病率和围产儿病率等,使阴道顺产率大大提高。     

气囊仿生助产术联合自由体位对分娩结局的影响

目的:探讨气囊仿生助产术联合自由体位对分娩结局的影响。方法:选择我院2016年1~9月住院分娩的正常足月妊娠产妇共366例(无妊娠合并症及妊娠并发症),对符合条件并同意实施气囊仿生助产技术的产妇设为观察组(共160例);符合条件但不同意实施气囊仿生助产技术的产妇设为对照组(共206例),采用常规助产方法分娩。比较两组产妇产程时间、分娩方式、会阴侧切、产后出血。结果:观察组第一、二产程时间均较对照组短(P0.05),自然分娩较对照组高,会阴侧切低于对照组(P0.05);产后出血较对照组少(P0.05),新生儿窒息情况无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:实施气囊仿生助产技术联合自由体位进行分娩,可缩短产程、提高自然分娩率、减少会阴侧剪,减少出血,不增加母婴并发症,是一项安全、有效的技术,值得临床推广。     

阴道气囊助产仪在临床中的应用

阴道气囊助产仪是近年来问世的新型现代化仪器,是产时优生、催产、助产方面的重大创新,我院自1997年应用阴道气囊助产以来,不仅缩短了产程,而且在降低围产儿死亡率及减少产后出血等方面收到很大效果,现报告如下。     

564例陪伴分娩的临床分析

目的 通过564例陪伴分娩孕妇的临床观察．寻找降低剖宫产率，提高阴道顺产率的有效措施。方法 正常足月孕妇，无头盆不称、无妊娠合并症及妊娠并发症，随机分为陪伴分娩组及正常足月分娩组各564例。结果 564例陪伴分娩孕妇的剖宫产率．阴道难产率、产后2h出血量及新生儿窒息发生率明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）陪伴分娩组孕妇的第一产程，第二产程及总产程均短于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论 陪伴分娩可以降低剖宫产率，减少产科干预率，缩短产程，使阴道顺产率大大提高。     

"一对一"责任制助产的临床效果

目的:了解“一对一”责任制助产对于产科质量的提高所起的作用。方法:选择全程"一对一"责任制助产产妇220例,与无人陪伴分娩产妇220例,从分娩方式、产程时间及产后2小时出血量等方面进行比较。结果:“一对一”责任制助产组较无人陪伴分娩组经阴分娩率升高27.8%、产程时间平均缩短约1.7 h、产后2 h平均出血量平均减少56.8 ml,两者相比较P<0.01,具有显著性。结论:“一对一”责任制助产分娩降低了剖宫产率,缩短了产程,减少了产后2 h出血量,从而提高了产科质量。     

气囊仿生助产在瘢痕子宫再次妊娠足月分娩产妇中的应用

目的:探索气囊仿生助产在瘢痕子宫再次妊娠足月分娩产妇中的应用效果。方法:将120例瘢痕子宫再次妊娠足月分娩产妇随机分为对照组和研究组各60例,对照组实施常规阴道助产,研究组临产后宫口扩张3~4 cm时予以双扩法气囊仿生助产,比较两组分娩情况。结果:研究组阴道试产成功率高于对照组(P0.05),产钳助产率低于对照组(P0.05)。研究组阴道分娩产程时间少于对照组(P0.05);两组新生儿情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:气囊仿生助产可提高瘢痕子宫再次妊娠足月阴道分娩成功率,降低剖宫产率,对确保母婴健康具有重要意义。     

气囊助产的效果观察

目的 探索气囊助产缩短产程的应用效果。方法 随机将200例足月产妇分为两组,每组100例,应用气囊助产为观察组,自然分娩为对照组。观察两组产妇的产程、新生儿出生Apgar评分、会阴裂伤率、侧切率、产钳率及产后2h出血量。结果 两组产妇的产程、新生儿出生Apgar评分、会阴裂伤率、侧切率、产绀率及产后2h出血量相比较,有显性差异,均P＜0．01。结论 气囊助产明显缩短产程,减少会阴裂伤及阴道手术助产,效果满意,值得临床推广应用。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局临床分析

目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4％(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7％(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3％(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1％ (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9％ (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8％(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大＜6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8～10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1％(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9％(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2％(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 ％(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.