特应性皮炎患儿与健康儿童皮肤屏障功能的对比

目的探讨特应性皮炎(AD)患儿与健康儿童皮肤屏障功能的差异。方法 0～7岁的AD患儿和健康儿童各60名,根据不同年龄段分成2组,0～2岁组和2～7岁组各30例。依次进行角质层含水量、pH值、经表皮水分丢失量(TEWL)的测量,使用SPSS13.0统计软件分析。结果 0～2岁、2～7岁AD患儿与健康儿童比较,角质层含水量除前臂无差异外,前额和颊前均明显低于健康对照组;皮肤表面pH值均明显高于健康对照组;0～2岁的AD患儿TEWL值除前臂无差异外,前额和颊前均明显高于健康对照组,而2～7岁AD患儿TEWL值均明显高于健康对照组。结论 AD患儿与健康儿童比较,皮肤屏障功能存在障碍。表现为角质层含水量、皮肤表面pH值、TEWL值有不同程度的差异。     

痤疮及非痤疮患者皮脂腺内的雄激素代谢

为确定寻常痤疮患者皮脂腺 (ＳＧ)内是否因雄激素产生增多而导致皮脂分泌增加 ,作者测定了不同性别的痤疮和非痤疮患者ＳＧ中1 7β 羟类固醇脱氢酶 (1 7β ＨＳＤ)和 5α 还原酶(5α Ｒ)的活性、血清雄激素水平 ,并比较血清雄激素与组织中以上酶类的活性关系。 3 4例 1 8～ 3 4岁的研究对象中 ,男女痤疮患者各 8例 ,无痤疮者中 ,男 8例 ,女 1 0例。测定结果 :无论在男性或女性中 ,前额皮肤的ＳＧ中 5α Ｒ和1 7β ＨＳＤ活性在有痤疮与无痤疮者间差异无显著性。男性 1 7β ＨＳＤ和 5α Ｒ活性显著高于女性 ,男性 1 7β ＨＳＤ氧化活性比女…     

痤疮易感者和无痤疮者的皮脂溢出

作者用皮脂吸附带和脂肪测定法重新评价了皮脂溢出和痤疮两者之间的关系.50名男性,年龄18～24岁,轻至中度痤疮患者,按Leeds法属1.5～3级.对照组50%男性,年龄21～26岁,从未患过0.25级以上的痤疮,测定时无痤疮损害.在他们无炎性损害及每平方厘米少于2个粉刺的前额区测定即刻和1小时所收集的皮脂量.结果:(1)总皮脂分泌率,在两组中有显著的差异(1.1±0.7及1.45±0.6μg/cm~2/min P<0.05),即痤疮患者总皮脂分泌率的均值、中位数和分布众数均高于无痤疮者.(2)囊皮脂分泌率,每组各15名受试者其皮脂分泌率均超过1.2     

上海地区100例正常人紫外线最小红斑值测定

以SUV1000型日光紫外模拟仪为光源，测定上海地区100例正常人UVA-MED和UVB-MED正常值。不同性别和皮肤类型的受试者男性UVA-MED值明显高于女性（P〈0．01）；UVB-MED值在男女之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。IV型皮肤受试者UVA和UVB的MED值均大于Ⅲ型皮肤受试者。男性各年龄组UVA-MED均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；UVB-MED30～49岁组与另外两组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。女性UVA-MED10～29岁组与另外两组相比差异有显著性（P〈0．05），就日光暴露程度和MED值关系而言，各组间UVA和UVB的MED值差异无统计学意义。     

大连汉族414名正常人皮肤摩擦系数检测

目的 探讨大连汉族正常人皮肤摩擦系数是否与性别和年龄有关.方法 414名汉族志愿者参加本项研究,年龄2个月至79岁,男187例,女227例;平均年龄(35.80±1.33)岁.根据生长发育期将其分为3组:0～12岁为青春期前组;20～40岁为青壮年组;60～80岁为老年组.利用Courage-Khazaka多功能皮肤生理仪Frictiometer(R) FR 770 and Corneometer(R) CM 825探头分别测量不同部位皮肤摩擦系数和角质层的含水量(电容).结果 在男性,除老年组前额部位皮肤摩擦系数明显低于手背部位外(P＜0.05),在其他各年龄组中,各部位之间皮肤摩擦系数差异无统计学意义;而在女性,除青壮年组前额部位的皮肤摩擦系数明显低于手背和眼外眦部位外(P＜0.001),在其他各年龄组中,各部位之间皮肤摩擦系数差异也无统计学意义.在男性,同一部位各年龄组之间皮肤摩擦系数差异无统计学意义;然而在女性的前额部位,老年的皮肤摩擦系数明显大于青春期前和青壮年(P值均＜0.01);在女性的眼外眦和手背部位,青壮年的皮肤摩擦系数明显大于青春期前和老年(P值均＜0.01).除青壮年女性手背和眼外眦部位的皮肤摩擦系数明显大于男性外(P分别＜0.05和0.001),在其他各年龄组和各部位中,男女间皮肤摩擦系数差异无统计学意义.在青壮年男性,各部位皮肤摩擦系数与角质层的含水量呈正相关性(前额r=0.6342,P＜0.0001;眼外眦r=0.4501,P＜0.001;手背r=0.3627,P＜0.01);而在女性,仅老年前额和眼外眦的皮肤摩擦系数与角质层含水量呈正相关性(前额r=0.2797,P＜0.05;眼外眦r=0.486,P＜0.001).结论 汉族正常人皮肤摩擦系数与性别、年龄、部位及角质层含水量有关.

Abstract：

Objective To determine whether skin friction coefficient (SFC) is associated with gender and age in a normal Chinese Han population. Methods A total of 414 Chinese Han subjects including 187males and 227 females, who were aged from 0.15 to 79 years (mean age: 35.80 ± 1.33 years), were enrolled in this study. According to human development stages, subjects were divided into pre-puberty group (aged 0 - 12years), young group (aged 20 - 40 years) and old group (aged 60 - 80 years). SFC and stratum corneum capacitance were measured with A Frictiometer(R) FR 770 and Corneometer(R) CM 825 (C&K MPA 5), respectively,on the dorsal hand, forehead, as well as canthus. Results SFC was higher on the dorsal hand than on the forehead in old males (P ＜ 0.05 ), and higher on the dorsal hand and canthus than on the forehead in young females (both P ＜ 0.001 ), while no significant difference was observed between the three measured sites in other groups of females or males (all P ＞ 0.05 ). In males, SFC on each measured site was similar among the three groups. In contrast, SFC was significantly higher on the forehead of females in aged than in young and pre-puberty groups (both P ＜ 0.01 ), and on the canthus and dorsal hand of females in young than in pre-puberty and aged groups (all P ＜ 0.01 ). The SFC on the canthus and dorsal hands of young females was higher than that of age-matched males (P ＜ 0.0001 and 0.05, respectively). A positive correlation was found between SFC and stratum corneum hydration in young males (foreahead: r = 0.6342, P ＜ 0.0001; canthus: r = 0.4501, P ＜0.001; dorsal hands: r = 0.3627, P ＜ 0.01 ). Moreover, SFC on the forehead (r = 0.2797, P ＜ 0.05) and canthus (r = 0.486, P ＜ 0.001 ) was also positively correlated with stratum corneum hydration in old females.Conclusion Skin friction coefficient varies with age, gender, body sites and stratum comeum hydration in normal Han populations.     

健康女性面部皮肤表面pH值测定

水文测定了152名正常成年女性而部皮肤PH值,报告了前额、面颊和颏部皮肤表面PH值范围.结果表明北京11月份女性面部皮表平均PH值i在5.76,面部各点之间PH值有所不同.但各年龄组间皮肤表面PH值之差别无显著性,女性面部PH值平均高于男性对照组.调查表明月经日期与面部皮肤PH值基本不相关.本文讨沦了影响皮肤表面pH值的因素.     

经皮水分丢失与健康人性别、年龄、解剖部位的关系

通过经皮水分丢失（TEWL）来评价皮肤的屏障功能，并研究经皮水分丢失与性别，年龄，解剖部位的关系，参加本次实验的为健康志愿者共104名，其中女性53名，男性51名，分为5个不同年龄组，用与计算机相连的蒸发测定仪Darmalab TEWL探头测量。结果发现不同年龄组男女性别之间TEWL值均无显著性差异（P＞0．05），新生儿组TEWL值明显高于其他各年龄组（P＜0．05），老年组TEWL值低于其他年龄组。在8个不同部位测量中，经统计得到TEWL值顺序为：手掌＞额部＞颊部＝手背＞小腿＝背部＞前臂＝胸部。说明TEWL与性别无明显相关性，而与年龄相关，以新生儿最高，老年人最低，在身体各部位的测量中，四肢末端和暴露部位经皮水分丢失较高。     

乌鲁木齐地区不同民族痤疮患者皮肤生理指标分析

目的检测乌鲁木齐地区维吾尔族、汉族痤疮患者面部皮肤生理指标,比较不同民族之间的差异。方法选取维吾尔族痤疮患者80例及汉族痤疮患者80例,两组患者年龄及性别分布相比差异均无统计学意义(P 0.05)。分别测定额部、鼻部、面颊部的经皮水分丢失量(TEWL)、面部含水量、皮脂量、皮肤红色素值;测定额部、眼部、面颊部的皮肤弹性的数据。结果维吾尔族痤疮患者面部角质层含水量在额部、鼻部、面颊部与汉族相比均低于汉族,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05);维吾尔族痤疮患者面部TEWL在额部、鼻部、面颊部与汉族相比均高于汉族,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05);维吾尔族痤疮患者面部皮肤油脂含量在额部、鼻部与汉族相比均高于汉族,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05);维吾尔族和汉族痤疮患者前额、鼻部的皮肤红色素值差异无统计学意义(P 0.05),面颊部红色素值有统计学意义(P 0.05)。维吾尔族和汉族痤疮患者前额、眼角和面颊部的皮肤弹性值差异无统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论乌鲁木齐地区不同民族痤疮患者可能因为饮食习惯不同导致皮肤屏障功能的差异,需要个体化的干预治疗。     

女性颈部皮肤生理学特性与年龄、季节相关性研究

目的:采用无创性评价技术量化检测女性颈部皮肤生理学特性,分析其与年龄和季节的关系.方法:检测62名女性健康志愿者颈部皮肤(曝光部位)的弹性﹑水分﹑经皮水分丢失(trans-epidermal water loss,TEWL)、皮肤颜色[包括黑素(M)值及血红素(E)值],并选取前臂内侧(非曝光部位)作为对照组,于春夏秋冬4个季节进行随访,每次随访均对志愿者颈部皮肤拍照.结果:①皮肤弹性、角质层含水量与年龄呈负相关.60岁以上年龄组TEWL明显低于其他年龄组.皮肤M值和E值随年龄增加变化有波动.②颈部皮肤弹性与季节相关,夏季、秋季较低.颈部和前臂内侧皮肤角质层含水量夏季最高,颈部角质层含水量高于前臂内侧.两部位在夏秋季皮肤TEWL值较高.颈部M值在秋季最高,E值在夏季最高,前臂内侧M值和E值在季节间无统计学差异.曝光部位颈部皮肤生理特性相较于非曝光部位前臂内侧更易受季节因素影响.结论:利用无创性评价可以量化地揭示不同季节、不同年龄皮肤表面生理学特性,了解皮肤的生理状态,并可以通过监测这些参数的变化了解健康皮肤或疾病的发展,采取干预措施改善皮肤表面特征.     

健康儿童皮肤透皮失水率与角质层含水量的相关性研究

目的探讨角质层含水量与透皮失水率的相关性。方法 2021年10月至2022年6月在普宁市公共健康医疗中心、2所幼儿园及2所小学招募≤ 17岁健康儿童。用皮肤生理功能测量仪测量健康儿童左前臂屈侧和右胫前部位的透皮失水率和角质层含水量, 采用Pearson相关分析法分析不同年龄、性别儿童的透皮失水率与角质层含水量的相关性。结果共招募1 396例健康儿童, 年龄1个月至17岁, 男783例、女613例。在1 ～ < 12个月组, 除男童前臂部位的皮肤透皮失水率与角质层含水量无显著相关性外, 男童胫前和女童前臂及胫前部位的透皮失水率与角质层含水量均呈正相关(r值为0.283、0.404、0.420, 均P < 0.05);在1 ～ 2岁组, 男童前臂和女童胫前部位的皮肤透皮失水率与角质层含水量无显著相关性, 而男童胫前和女童前臂部位的透皮失水率与角质层含水量均呈正相关(r值为0.370、0.419, 均P < 0.01);在3 ～ 5岁组和6 ～ 11岁组, 除6 ～ 11岁组男童胫前的透皮失水率与角质层含水量无显著相关性外, 两组男女性其他部位的透皮失水率与角质层含水量均呈...     

Sun‐induced changes of stratum corneum hydration vary with age and gender in a normal Chinese population

Background/objectives: Previous studies have demonstrated that sun‐induced alteration of epidermal permeability barrier function varies with gender and age. In the present study, we assess the stratum corneum (SC) hydration in sun‐exposed males and females. Methods: A total of 168 subjects (84 males and 84 females) aged 19–75 years were enrolled. A multifunctional skin physiology monitor was used to measure SC hydration. Results: In comparison with non‐sun exposure, sun exposure does not cause a significant change in SC hydration in either young males or young females, whereas in aged females, a significant reduction of SC hydration is seen on the forehead and the dorsal hand of sun‐exposed subjects. SC hydration on the canthus of both aged males and aged females is significantly lower than that of young subjects. Additionally, SC hydration on the dorsal hand of aged females is also significantly lower as compared with young females. Sun‐induced reduction of SC hydration is more evident on the dorsal hand of aged females than that of males (P<0.001). Moreover, the SC rehydration capacity is significantly lower in sun‐exposed aged females than in age‐matched males. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that sun‐induced changes of the SC hydration property vary with age and gender.     

Influence of sportive activity on skin barrier function: a quantitative evaluation of 60 athletes

While sports‐related diseases are well documented in the literature, no study regarding the physiology of athlete's skin has been published yet. However, some evidence is given for impairment of the skin barrier due to sportive activity accompanied by an increase in sweating. In this explorative study, we investigated the effect of sportive activity on skin physiology, namely stratum corneum hydration, skin surface pH, and sebum content. A total of 60 healthy Caucasian volunteers (35 females, 25 males; mean 27.35 ± 4.09) were enrolled in this study. Measurements were done before and after 45 minutes of endurance cardio training at forehead, chest, forearm, and armpits. Hydration level, sebum secretion, and pH value of hydrolipid acid film were measured with worldwide‐acknowledged biophysical measuring methods. Stratum corneum hydration significantly increased after sportive activity. The increase was about 51.9% at the forearm and 31.9% at the chest. Sebum content at the forehead significantly decreased during exercising, from 87.36 μg/cm² to 62.41 μg/cm². At all investigated body sites, measured values for skin surface pH increased after sportive activity. Highest pH value was measured in armpits (pH 5.64–5.98) and lowest at forearm (pH 4.75–4.93). Sportive activity is accompanied by significant changes of skin physiology that could stress the barrier function of the skin. Higher skin surface pH and hyperhydration of the stratum corneum as well as increased lipid content on the skin surface are probably caused by an increased sweat production. The impaired skin barrier may also be the reason for some reported sports‐related dermatoses.     

Frictional properties of human skin: relation to age, sex and anatomical region, stratum corneum hydration and transepidermal water loss

Differences in the dynamic skin friction coefficients (mu) were investigated with respect to age, sex, and anatomical region. A total of 29 volunteers consisting of seven young females, seven old females, seven young males, and eight old males participated in the study. Measurements were obtained from II anatomical regions, namely, the forehead, upper arm, volar and dorsal forearm, postauricular, palm, abdomen, upper and lower back, thigh, and ankle. The friction data were compared with stratum corneum hydration and transepidermal water loss (TEWL). The dynamic friction coefficient did not vary significantly between age and sex groups but varied considerably among the anatomical regions of the body. The forehead and postauricular had the highest mu (0.34 +/- 0.02) while the abdomen had the lowest (0.12 +/- 0.01); the remaining regions had an average mu value of 0.21 +/- 0.01. Similarly, no sex differences were observed for TEWL and stratum corneum hydration. Capacitance was only significantly lower on the palms of the elderly. Regional differences showed a higher state of hydration on the forehead and postauricular as well as the upper arm, upper and lower back when compared with the volar forearm. TEWL was generally lower in the elderly on all anatomical regions except the postauricular and palm. A significant correlation was established between mu and capacitance for most regions. Between mu and TEWL significant correlation was observed only on the palm and thigh. These findings suggest that frictional properties of skin are dependent on more than water content or non-apparent sweating and the role of sebum secretion is suggested as one possible factor.     

昆明地区成年女性面部皮肤屏障功能检测

目的 了解昆明地区成年女性皮肤屏障功能在年龄及部位上的差异.方法 将150名昆明地区（18 ～70）岁的女性志愿者分为3个不同年龄组,分别为：青年组（18～ 34岁）、中年组（35 ～ 49岁）及老年组（50～70岁）,每组50人.采用无创性皮肤检测仪对志愿者的左侧面颊部及额中部进行水分、油脂及TEWL的检测.结果 青年组面颊部水分（38.46±5.70）、油脂（60.70±35.78）及额中部水分（39.57±5.08）、油脂（104.56±45.40）含量最高,老年组面颊部水分（31.00±6.09）、油脂（26.87±16.71）及额中部水分（32.54±5.84）、油脂（39.67±24.44）含量最低.而面颊部TEWL（10.76±3.95）及额中部TEWL（10.13±3.76）均在青年组检测值最低.各年龄组女性额中部的油脂明显高于面颊部,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,每个年龄组面颊部水分与额中部水分比较,面颊部TEWL与额中部TEWL比较均无明显差异（P＞0.05）.结论 昆明地区成年女性面颊部及额中部水分、油脂随年龄增长而逐渐减少,而TEWL值随年龄增长逐渐增大.     

Regional and seasonal variations in facial sebum secretions: a proposal for the definition of combination skin type

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Facial sebum secretions are known to change under various circumstances. Facial skin types have been categorized as oily, normal, dry, and combination types. However, these have been evaluated subjectively by individuals to date, and no objective accepted standard measurement method exists. The combination skin type is most common, but its definition is vaguer than the definitions of the other skin types. METHODS: We measured facial sebum secretions with Sebumeter. Sebum secretions were measured at five sites of the face seasonally for a year, in the same volunteers. Using the data obtained we developed a set of rules to define the combination skin type. RESULTS: Regional differences in sebum secretion were confirmed. Sebum secretions on forehead, nose, and chin were higher than on both cheeks. Summer was found to be the highest sebum-secreting season, and seasonal variations were found in the T- and U-zones. A mismatch of skin type in the T- and U-zones in more than two seasons appears to be close to subjective ratings of what is described as the 'combination' skin type. CONCLUSION: We showed that the face shows definitive regional and seasonal variations in sebum secretion. To define the combination skin type, seasonal variations in sebum secretion should be considered in addition to regional variations.     

Influence of age and hormone replacement therapy on the functional properties of the lips

Aims: To investigate the influence of age and hormonal status on some functional properties of the lips of women.
Methods: Lips properties were measured and compared through four groups of women (young with normal menses, aged with normal menses, aged and menopaused, aged, menopaused receiving hormonal replacement therapy). The following parameters were recorded: sebum excretion rate on the forehead. On the lower lip: TEWL, mechanical damping, color, tactile acuity. Moreover, capacitance images of each lips were recorded and the mean capacitance measured.
Results: Changes in TEWL, mechanical damping and tactile acuity appear clearly linked to age while the increase in lip darkness could be due to hormones. Sebum excretion rate is also clearly linked to hormonal status. Surprisingly, no changes of lips capacitance were detected vs. age or hormonal status. This study confirms that upper lip is more hydrated than the lower one.
Conclusion: Most of the parameters measured on the lips have similar variations than the same parameters measured on the skin. Only sebum and color appear being dependant on the hormonal status.     

痤疮患者皮肤生理功能测定

目的 探讨痤疮患者面部皮肤生理功能的特点，以期指导痤疮患者的治疗。方法 选取受试对象120例，试验组为痤疮患者60例，其中男20例，女40例，平均年龄23.4岁；对照组为健康志愿者60例，其中男20例，女40例，平均年龄25.1岁。运用无创性皮肤生理功能测试仪，测量受试者的面颊及T区（油脂分泌旺盛区域）皮肤油脂、面颊皮肤弹性和水分。结果 试验组面部T区油脂量为（199.98 ± 58.21） μg/cm2，健康对照组为（117.55 ± 63.16） μg/cm2，两组差异有统计学意义（t = 7.34，P < 0.05）。试验组面颊油脂量为（154.45 ± 55.06） μg/cm2，健康对照组为（87.50 ± 47.36） μg/cm2，两组差异有统计学意义（t = 7.14，P < 0.05）。试验组皮肤弹性（0.7931 ± 0.0755R）与健康对照组（0.7882 ± 0.0498R）比较，差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05），试验组皮肤水分（30.75% ± 3.87%）与健康对照组（30.94% ± 2.91%）比较，差异也无统计学意义（P > 0.05）。结论 痤疮患者颜面皮肤油脂分泌过多。     

Biophysical characteristics of skin in diabetes: a controlled study

Background  Cutaneous complications are common in diabetes. Previous assays suggest that hyperglycemia and decreased insulin signal are involved in the impairment of skin function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biophysical characteristics of skin in patients with diabetes mellitus and compares them with healthy non-diabetic controls.
Objective  To measure biophysical characteristic of skin including transepidermal water loss (TEWL), water content, sebum and skin elasticity in patients with diabetes mellitus and compare them with healthy non-diabetic controls.
Methods  This case-control study was conducted on 38 patients with diabetes and 40 age- and sex-matched healthy people. The biophysical properties of skin including stratum corneum (SC) hydration, sebum content, TEWL and skin elasticity were measured and compared between the two groups at three different locations of the body.
Results  The measurement of SC hydration and TEWL showed no significant difference between diabetics and controls. The skin surface lipids on the forehead but not other sites were significantly lower in the diabetics than in the controls. Acoustic wave propagation speed, a measurement related to skin elasticity, was significantly lower in forearm and forehead of diabetics.
Conclusion  Diabetes affects some functional properties of epidermis and dermis that may responsible for many cutaneous manifestations of diabetes. These results suggest that patients with diabetes mellitus tend to show a normal hydration state of the SC together with decreased sebaceous gland activity and impaired skin elasticity, without any impairment of the SC barrier function.

Conflicts of interest

None declared     

Does facial sebum excretion really affect the development of acne?

BACKGROUND: It is generally accepted that the severity of acne is correlated with facial sebum secretion. However, previous studies on the relation between seborrhoea and the development of acne did not consider topographical differences in facial sebum secretion and used relatively vague acne severity grading systems. OBJECTIVES: To elucidate the relation between topographical variations in facial sebum secretion and the severity of acne in women. METHODS: Forty-six female controls and 46 women with acne were included in this study. The Sebumeter was used to measure facial sebum secretion in the following facial areas: forehead, nose, chin, and right and left cheek. We counted noninflammatory comedones and inflammatory acne lesions in the same areas. We compared sebum secretion between patients with acne and controls, and analysed the relation between the quantity of sebum secreted and the number of acne lesions. RESULTS: Sebum secretions in the whole face and in the T- and U-zones (areas of high and low sebum secretion, respectively) were higher in patients with acne than in controls. There was no correlation between sebum quantity and acne lesion count in most facial regions. CONCLUSIONS: Increased levels of facial sebum secretion were observed in patients with acne. Our findings indicate that increased sebum levels do not directly cause development of acne lesions.