关于农村合作医疗的几点思考

１９９９年３月至５月，笔者陪同辽宁省人大、政协的同志对辽宁省半数以上市的合作医疗工作进行了调查，广泛接触了市、县、乡、村的有关人员，深入了解了与合作医疗相关的各方面情况。随着对合作医疗认识的不断深化，越加感到农村合作医疗工作的难度超出预想，而且存在许多值得思考的问题。１　合作医疗的社会环境已发生变化辽宁省农村合作医疗与全国一样，产生于５０年代末，发展于７０年代初，进入８０年代随着农村家庭联产承包责任制的实行而全面下滑所剩无几。１９９６年全国农村合作医疗经验交流会议之后开始恢复与重建，但花费很大气…     

对我国生物医学工程技术及产业发展的几点思考

生物医学工程学是综合生命科学和工程学的理论、方法和手段,研究人体结构功能和其他生命现象,并将其结果应用于生命科学与工程领域的理、工、医相结合的边缘学科.生物医学工程产业的产品是保健和疾病预防、诊断、治疗中必不可少的技术手段和工具,对提高保健、预防及医疗救治水平有着不可替代的重要意义.     

关于研究所培养及引进人才的几点思考

研究所作为高层次人才的“蓄水池”,怎样培养和引进人才如今已成为关注的焦点。     

关于发展卫生产业的思考

卫生产业包容了同卫生事业相关的多个领域．本就卫生产业发展面临的问题及开拓卫生产业的对策进行了论述。     

关于基层医务所发展的几点设想

随着医疗卫生体制的改革,将医务所推向无情的医疗市场,医务所面临着一个巨大的挑战.但是,作为单位的医务所仍然有着医院不可替代的优势和价值.     

关于公立医院发展的几点思考

结合学习科学发展观,对公立医院发展的规模、设备购置、学科建设等问题进行了一些深入探讨,提出了一些深度思考。     

关于发展中医药业的几点思考

目的 近代西医的冲击造成中医药事业的低谷,中医药是中华民族传统文化的重要组成部分,作者期望重塑中医药业的历史辉煌.方法 全民普及中医药基础知识,建立对中医药学的信心;政府主导宣传中医药文化,将之纳入国学教育范畴;在医学界着力培养高层次中医药人才,使中医中药合而为一;有偿买断,挖掘整理民间中医特色诊疗技术并有效推广应用;坚持继承创新,与时俱进,确保中医药迈向现代化与国际化.结果 培养传统与适应现代化潮流相结合是中医中药的发展之路.结论 中医药事业能够与中华民族的伟大复兴一样得以实现.     

关于加快社区卫生发展的几点思考

从建立社区卫生政策扶持体系、健全社区卫生服务网络、创新社区卫生服务机制、提高社区卫生服务能力四个方面着手探讨了加快社区卫生发展的对策和措施。     

兴办卫生防疫产业的几点体会

1992年中共中央、国务院发布“关于加快发展第三产业的决定”之后,在邓小平同志南巡重要谈话和十四大精神鼓舞下,第三产业如雨后春笋般地在全国各地、各行业发展起来,卫生防疫部门作为第三产业,同样面临着如何深化改革与发展问题,而兴办卫生防疫服务性产业则成为其中重要内容之一。青岛市卫生防疫站因地制宜,先后创办了一批卫生防疫产业。现就兴办过程中的作法与体会浅探如下。1 提高认识,解放思想,群策群力社会主义市场经济的建立为全国各行各业提供了良好的发展前景,但如何去适应市场经济发展则要有     

Women,war, and reproductive health in developing countries

Globally, millions of people are affected by war and conflicts every year. However, women have increasingly suffered the greatest harm by war in more different ways than men. We conceptualize a reproductive rights approach toward examining the effects of war on women’s reproductive health in developing countries. Given the rising concerns of exclusion to adequately address women’s rights, sexual and gender-based violence, and post-conflict accountability, we specifically focus on the limitations of the Minimum Initial Service Package, a UN-sponsored reproductive health service program in conflict zones while offering a broad reproductive rights-based conceptual lens for examining reproductive health care services in war-torn areas. In addition, we discuss the roles social workers may play at both micro and macro levels in war-torn areas to bring about both short term and long term gains in women’s reproductive health.     

Malaria outbreak in a malaria-free region in Oman 1998: unknown impact of civil war in Africa

Beginning in April 1998, the surveillance system in Dhofar region, Oman, detected malaria cases among individuals who had no risk factors for the acquisition of malaria. An investigation was conducted to describe the outbreak and to identify its possible causes. A malaria case was defined as an unexplained fever (>38 degrees C) in a resident of the Dhofar region from April to September 1998. The investigation consisted of enhanced passive case detection, active case finding through contact screening, mass blood survey and school survey. Also an entomological survey was conducted and meteorological data was reviewed. Over a period of seven months, 1279 patients with fever were examined for malaria parasites. Sixty-five cases were positive; 60 (92%) males and 5 (8%) females. Cases occurred in all age groups (range: 2-63 years, median 25 years). Most cases were among illegal Somali immigrants (28, 43%) followed by Omanis (20, 31%). Out of the 2323 slides collected from the community and 2487 from school children, 21 slides were positive. All of them were from illegal immigrants. The entomological survey detected three vectors, previously found in the region: A. d'thali, A. sergenti and A. stephensi. Although the region is classified as a malaria-free region, it has the potential for malaria introduction. This outbreak most likely occurred due to the influx of hundreds of illegal Somali immigrants due to the civil war into the Dhofar region, providing a sufficient number of gametocyte carriers for local anopheline mosquitoes to feed on.     

用模糊评价法对国产医疗设备自主能力的评价及思考

自主能力是国产医疗设备产业健康发展的基础,它已引起业内人士的广泛关注。将我国医疗设备企业根据自主能力提升方式的不同划分为5种模式,采用模糊评价法评价比较其自主能力的强弱,较准确地了解我国医疗设备产业自主能力的具体状况。结果显示,我国医疗设备产业民族品牌价值普遍偏低。     

食品、公共场所从业人员乙型肝炎病毒感染状况调查

目的分析安庆市食品、公共场所从业人员乙型肝炎病毒感染状况,为控制乙肝流行提供依据。方法对2003～2008年到安庆市疾病预防控制中心进行健康体检的食品、公共场所人员进行HBsAg检测,用Excel软件进行统计分析。结果2003—2008年共检测相关从业人员67080人,其中HBsAg阳性1956人,年平均阳性率2．92％。年龄以16～19岁组阳性率最高,达4．88％;男性HBsAg阳性率3．43％;女性HBsAg阳性率2．61％。结论安庆市从业人员乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原阳性率处于较低水平,且呈下降趋势。男性人群乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原阳性率高于女性。     

北京市顺义区金属制品企业职业卫生管理现状

目的了解北京市顺义区内金属制品行业职业卫生管理现状,为该行业开展职业病防治工作提供依据。方法采用问卷调查的方式对辖区85家金属制品企业进行调查,内容包括企业基本情况,职业卫生管理状况等方面。结果企业在职业卫生管理方面的各项指标的开展率或实施率均较低,其中职业病危害因素检测与评价开展率仅为17．65％,其次为职业病危害因素预评价及控制效果评价开展情况分别为20．0％和18．82％,其他内资企业和集体企业的职业卫生管理指标开展率或实施率普遍低于其他类型企业。结论顺义区金属制品企业的职业卫生管理存在明显不足,各项管理指标的开展率处于较低水平,应加强该行业职业卫生工作管理的指导和监督。     

The impact of war upon the pupils' growth in southern Croatia

Summary In order to assess the influence of war calamities on the pupils' growth rate, the height, weight, and relative weight of children from Split at the time of entering two major elementary schools (age about 6·5 years) and some 10 months later, during the two prewar years (i.e. 1988/1989 and 1989/1990) and the two years of the war against Croatia (i.e. 1990/1991 and 1991/1992) were compared. A notable increase in body weight, ranging from 12·24 to 14·50% (compared with 8·57–11·93%; t = 1·23, P > 0·05), but not in height was observed in the first, and a significant acceleration in the longitudinal growth (4·53–4·73% as compared with 3·38–4·24%; t = 4·01, P < 0·01) but not in weight gain was noted in the second war year. These unexpected findings lead to a conclusion that the war atrocities may affect the children's growth rate differently, depending on the amount and quality of the consumed food, on the level of energy expenditure, and possibly on the variable impact of emotional stress.     

Impairments, disabilities and needs assessment among non-fatal war injuries in south Lebanon, Grapes of Wrath, 1996

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of non-fatal war related injuries on physical disability in a group of war wounded civilians and to assess their needs. DESIGN: Cross sectional study. Home interviews were conducted using a structured interview schedule around one month after the injury, to assess impairments, disabilities, and needs. STUDY POPULATION AND SETTING: War wounded persons in towns and villages in South Lebanon during the attack "Grapes of Wrath" in 1996. RESULTS: The majority of the study population were young and in their productive age, mostly injured in the street or while hiding in open shelters. Around half of the injuries resulted in impairments, but, there were no age, gender or geographical differentials by severity of impairment. Almost one third (29%) of the students enrolled in schools at the time of the injury reported failure to continue their education and 42% of the working members lost their jobs with no potential for 34% of them to resume their former jobs. The impact of the injury on impairments, motor disabilities and physical independence was highest for injuries to the lower limbs (age and sex adjusted risk ratio (RR) 1.62, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.25, 2.10; 2.98, 95% CI 2.09, 4.23; and 2.13, 95% CI 1.39, 3.27, respectively). Despite the acute and early relief services provided by all those concerned at the time of the injury, when asked about unmet needs, the majority of the impaired (66%) reported the need for additional services, mostly medical in nature. The degree of disability was a salient factor for the need for rehabilitative services but not for medical services. CONCLUSIONS: The chronic and diverse needs of people with war injuries are often neglected and underestimated by the governmental institutions and relief agencies. Research funds as well as services should be allocated to tackle the long term and continuous health and social needs of those injured and their families.     

构建我国医疗纠纷民间调解机制的思考

医患之间的矛盾冲突,不仅影响医疗环境的和谐发展,而且影响社会稳定的大局。正确地解决医患之间的矛盾冲突,完善医疗纠纷调解机制,对维护正常的医患关系,构建和谐的医疗环境,建立和谐社会具有重大的理论意义和现实意义。本文针对现有医疗纠纷解决机制存在的缺陷,论证了建立医疗纠纷民间调解机制的优点,提出构建医疗纠纷民间调解机制的构想。     

A simple way of evaluating the healthiness of ready-to-eat foods and developing healthy foods in the food industry

In this study we have developed a new way of evaluating the healthiness of ready-to-eat foods. In the developed method, ready-to-eat foods were classified into specific product categories, and the nutritional quality of classified foods was analysed using the national dietary recommendations and the national dietary survey as a basis for the dietary calculations. The method was tested with the products of ‘Saarioinen’, which is the leading brand in the Finnish ready-to-eat food market. Results indicate that this low-cost method can easily be used in the food industry as a tool in product development and marketing in order to develop healthy foods. The method could also be applied to the restaurant and catering trade, as well as to other public institutions serving food. By using this model, nutritional researchers and the food industry could work together to prevent nutrition-related health problems.     

Outcome of pregnancy in women engaged in laboratory work at a petrochemical plant

The aim of the investigation was to study whether laboratory work or other types of chemical work at one petrochemical plant were associated with an increased risk for miscarriage or reduced birthweight. The study was based on questionnaire data for 95% of the women working at the plant between 1973 and 1987. A statistically significant difference between observed and expected number of miscarriages (p less than 0.05) was seen during the period 1970-1974 among women working in one of the laboratories during the first trimester. No suspicions could be raised against any specific chemical as a cause of the unsuccessful pregnancies. The results do not indicate the presence of an increased risk today.