二氮嗪介导的延迟预处理对未成熟心肌的保护机制研究

目的研究二氮嗪(DZX)介导的延迟预处理对缺血缺氧环境中未成熟心肌的保护作用机制。方法分离培养新生鼠心肌细胞随机分为:①缺氧组;②DZX组:细胞缺氧培养前24 h放入含100μmol/L的DZX的培养液15 min;③DZX+PDTC组:细胞缺氧培养前24 h放入含100μmol/L DZX和500μmol/L二硫代氨基甲酸吡咯烷(PDTC)的培养液15 min;④对照组。前3组细胞在缺氧模型中培养16 h,对照组一直有氧培养。采用Hoechst染色、Annexin V/PI流式检测凋亡细胞,Western Blot检测心肌细胞Bax和Bcl-2的表达。结果①流式检测示DZX组较缺氧组细胞凋亡明显降低(P<0.01),Hoechst染色心肌凋亡细胞也减少;②与DZX组比较,加入PDTC后,流式检测显示细胞凋亡显著增多(P<0.01),Hoechst染色心肌细胞凋亡增多,Western blot检测显示Bcl-2表达减少,Bax表达增加。结论线粒体钾通道开放剂二氮嗪介导的延迟预处理对心肌有明显的保护作用;位于下游的NF-κB通过调控促凋亡蛋白Bax和抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的的表达在未成熟心肌的延迟预处理中起着关键作用。     

蛇床子素后处理对大鼠心肌急性缺血/再灌注损伤心肌细胞凋亡的影响及其可能机制

目的观察蛇床子素后处理对大鼠心肌急性缺血/再灌注损伤心肌细胞凋亡的影响,并对其可能的作用机制进行探讨。方法结扎大鼠左冠状动脉前降支30 min后,松开结扎线再灌注120 min制备急性心肌缺血/再灌注损伤模型;将30只Wistar大鼠随机分为以下3组:对照(Sham)组、缺血/再灌注(I/R)组、I/R+蛇床子素后处理(Ost)组。采用TUNEL法原位标记缺血区凋亡心肌细胞并计算凋亡指数,采用Western blot法检测心肌组织中Caspase-3、Bcl-2及Bax三种蛋白的表达。结果与Sham组相比,I/R组心肌细胞凋亡指数、心肌组织Caspase-3蛋白、Bcl-2蛋白和Bax蛋白含量明显增高(均P<0.05);与I/R组相比,Ost组心肌细胞凋亡指数(P<0.05)、心肌组织Caspase-3蛋白(P<0.01)及Bax蛋白表达水平均降低(P<0.05),而Bcl-2蛋白表达水平明显增高(P<0.05)。结论蛇床子素后处理能抑制急性心肌缺血/再灌注损伤所致的大鼠心肌细胞凋亡,同时上调心肌组织中Bcl-2蛋白的表达及下调心肌组织中Bax蛋白的表达,提示上调Bcl-2蛋白及下调Bax蛋白、进而上调Bcl-2/Bax比值可能是其发挥抗心肌细胞凋亡作用的机制。     

腺苷预处理对缺血/再灌注心肌细胞凋亡和凋亡蛋白Bcl-2/Bax的影响

目的 研究腺苷预处理对大鼠缺血/再灌注心肌细胞凋亡和凋亡蛋白Bcl-2/Bax的影响.方法 制备缺血/再灌注损伤(I/R)和腺苷预处理的大鼠模型,采用流式细胞仪检测心肌细胞凋亡率和凋亡蛋白Bcl-2和Bax.结果 ①缺血/再灌注组和腺苷组心肌细胞凋亡率均显著高于对照组(P<0.01),而腺苷组凋亡率显著低于缺血/再灌注组(P<0.01).②缺血/再灌注组抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达与对照组比较无明显差别,而腺苷组Bcl-2显著高于缺血/再灌注组和对照组(P<0.01);缺血/再灌注组和腺苷组促凋亡蛋白Bax表达显著高于对照组(P<0.01),而腺苷组Bax低于缺血/再灌注组(P<0.01);缺血/再灌注组和腺苷组Bcl-2/Bax比值显著低于对照组(P<0.01),而腺苷组Bcl-2/Bax比值显著高于缺血/再灌注组(P<0.01).结论 腺苷预处理明显抑制大鼠缺血/再灌注后心肌细胞的凋亡,并使Bcl-2/Bax比值增加.     

单磷酰脂A和缺血预处理对大鼠缺血/再灌注心肌细胞凋亡 Bcl-2 Bax蛋白表达的影响

目的 研究单磷酰脂A预处理(MLA-P)和缺血预处理(IP)对大鼠缺血/再灌注(I/R)心肌细胞凋亡及相关基因 Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达的影响。方法 复制I/R损伤模型,采用末端标记技术(TUNEL)检测心肌细胞凋亡;应用免疫组化SABC法检测Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达。结果I/R组凋亡细胞较多,MLA-P组及IP组凋亡细胞明显少于I/R组(P<0.01)。Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达在I/R组均较多,MLA-P组及IP组Bcl-2表达明显高于I/R组(P<0.01),而Bax蛋白表达明显低于I/R组(P<0.01)。MLA-P组与IP组各指标均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 MLA-P可抑制I/R诱发的心肌细胞凋亡,Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达在心肌凋亡的发生中起重要作用。MLA-P与IP两者对心肌细胞凋亡及相关基因表达影响的作用相近。     

二氮嗪对大鼠心肌缺血-再灌流损伤细胞凋亡的影响

目的观察二氮嗪对缺血-再灌流心肌细胞凋亡,以及对Bax、Bcl-2和Caspase-3表达的影响。方法21只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(sham operation,SO),缺血-再灌流组(ischemia/reperfusion,IR)和二氮嗪处理组(Diazoxide,DI)。SO组和IR组静脉注射相应量溶媒,DI组12.5 mg/kg剂量静脉注射二氮嗪。10min后SO组不结扎前降支,4 h后取心脏,而IR组和DI组结扎前降支2 h,再灌流2 h。采用TUNEL法和免疫组化法检测缺血心肌细胞凋亡和Bax、Bcl-2、Caspase-3表达,及心肌梗死范围。结果与SO组相比,IR和DI组心肌细胞凋亡率显著增加(P<0.05),Bax、Bcl-2和Caspase-3蛋白阳性细胞指数明显升高(P<0.05);与IR组相比,DI组明显降低心肌细胞凋亡率(P<0.05)和Bax,Caspase-3蛋白阳性细胞指数(P<0.05),增加Bcl-2蛋白阳性细胞指数(P<0.05)。IR组心肌梗死范围为(36.9±2.3)%,DI组为(20.0±8)%,两组差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论二氮嗪通过上调Bcl-2表达,下调Bax及Caspase-3表达而减少在体大鼠缺血-再灌流损伤心肌细胞凋亡。     

亚低温缺血预处理对鼠缺血/再灌注肠组织Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达的影响

目的 探讨亚低温缺血预处理(MHIP)对大鼠缺血/再灌注损伤(I/R)肠组织Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达的影响。方法 将32只大鼠随机分为4组(每组8只):假手术对照组(sham)、缺血/再灌注组(I/R)、缺血预处理组(IP)、亚低温预处理组(MHIP)。观察各组肠组织超微结构及Bcl-2、Bax蛋白表达。结果 肠缺血/再灌注后小肠组织Bcl-2和Bax蛋白表达光密度值明显增高,与假手术对照组有显著性差异(P<0.01);缺血预处理组与缺血/再灌注组比较及亚低温预处理组与缺血预处理组比较小肠组织Bcl-2蛋白表达光密度值增高(P<0.01,P<0.05),Bax蛋白表达光密度值降低(P<0.01,P<0.05),Bcl-2/Bax光密度比值明显增高。结论 缺血预处理可通过上调Bcl-2基因的蛋白表达与下调Bax基因的蛋白表达,抑制肠缺血/再灌注诱导的细胞凋亡以保护缺血再灌注肠损伤,亚低温能增强缺血预处理的保护作用。     

二氮嗪介导的延迟预处理对未成熟心肌的保护机制研究

目的研究二氮嗪（DZX）介导的延迟预处理对缺血缺氧环境中未成熟心肌的保护作用机制。方法分离培养新生鼠心肌细胞随机分为：①缺氧组；②DZX组：细胞缺氧培养前24h放入含100μmol／L的DZX的培养液15min；③DZX＋PDTC组：细胞缺氧培养前24h放入含100μmol／LDZX和500μmol／L二硫代氨基甲酸吡咯烷（PDTC）的培养液15min；④对照组。前3组细胞在缺氧模型中培养16h，对照组一直有氧培养。采用Hoechst染色、Annexin V／PI流式检测凋亡细胞，Western Blot检测心肌细胞Bax和Bcl-2的表达。结果①流式检测示DZX组较缺氧组细胞凋亡明显降低（P〈0．01），Hoechst染色心肌凋亡细胞也减少；②与DZX组比较，加入PDTC后，流式检测显示细胞凋亡显著增多（P〈0．01），Hoechst染色心肌细胞凋亡增多，Westem blot检测显示Bcl-2表达减少，Bax表达增加。结论线粒体钾通道开放剂二氮嗪介导的延迟预处理对心肌有明显的保护作用；位于下游的NF-κB通过调控促凋亡蛋白Bax和抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2的的表达在未成熟心肌的延迟预处理中起着关键作用。     

脂氧素对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注后心梗程度和细胞凋亡的影响

目的:观察脂氧素A4(lipoxins,LXA4)对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注后心梗程度和细胞凋亡的影响。方法:36只大鼠随机分成假手术组(S组,n=12)、缺血/再灌注组(I/R组,n=12)和I/R+LXA4治疗组(L组,n=12),分别以HE染色光镜下观察心肌组织病理学变化,通过RT-PCR和Western blot法检测缺血心肌Caspase-3、Bcl-2和Bax的表达水平。结果:L组心肌组织病理学损伤较I/R组减轻。I/R组中基因Bax和Bcl-2的表达均增强,Caspase-3的含量升高(P<0.01)。L组中基因Bax、Caspase-3表达明显减弱,Bcl-2表达增强(P<0.01)。结论:脂氧素通过抑制Caspase-3和Bax活化,增强Bcl-2的表达而对缺血再灌注的心肌有一定保护作用。     

血塞通预处理对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的早期保护作用

目的观察血塞通预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤的早期保护作用,并研究其可能机制.方法采用开胸冠状动脉结扎建立缺血再灌注模型,25只雄性SD大鼠随机分为假手术组,缺血再灌注组(I/R组),缺血预处理组(IPC组),血塞通预处理组(PNS预处理组).再灌注后2 h测定各组血清肌酸磷酸激酶-MB(CK-MB)含量以及心肌细胞凋亡情况和心肌细胞Bcl-2和Bax蛋白的表达,并观察心肌超微结构变化.结果IPC组及PNS预处理组血清CK-MB均明显低于I/R组(P＜0.05).IPC组及PNS预处理组TUNEL阳性细胞数,Bax阳性细胞数均明显低于I/R组(P＜0.05).和I/R组相比,IPC组及PNS预处理组心肌超微结构损伤减轻.结论PNS预处理后心肌细胞凋亡减少,心肌细胞损伤减轻,对I/R损伤产生有和缺血预处理类似的早期保护作用.     

下肢缺血预处理对未成熟心肌细胞凋亡和内质网应激的影响

背景：近几年来研究发现内质网应激导致细胞凋亡在细胞缺血性损害中起重要作用,成为缺血心肌的研究热点。下肢缺血预处理对未成熟心肌具有明显保护作用,但下肢缺血预处理对未成熟心肌内质网应激细胞凋亡是否存在影响至今未知。目的：探讨下肢缺血预处理对未成熟心肌内质网应激和细胞凋亡的影响。方法：采用兔离体心脏Langendorff灌注模型,24只幼兔随机分为3组：对照组仅灌注KH液180 min;缺血再灌注组心脏灌注20 min后,停灌60 min,复灌100 min;下肢缺血预处理组,反复3次阻断双下肢血流5 min/放5 min,建立Langendorff模型,然后重复缺血再灌注组方法。TUNEL法检测心肌细胞凋亡率、Western blot检测GRP78、Bcl-2、Bax和Fas蛋白表达。结果与结论：下肢缺血预处理组与缺血再灌注组比较,心肌细胞凋亡率明显减少;Bcl-2表达明显增多,GRP78、Bax、Fas表达明显减少。结果表明下肢缺血预处理可能通过调控内质网过度应激GRP78表达以及Bcl-2、Bax、Fas蛋白的表达调控心肌细胞凋亡。     

肾缺血再灌注模型细胞凋亡与吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸的干预(英文)

背景:肾缺血/再灌注诱导产生大量活性氧,导致核因子κB的活化。激活的核因子κB通过调节诱导型一氧化氮合酶的生成,进而导致一氧化氮的大量产生和触发细胞凋亡。目的:观察吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸对肾缺血再灌注后肾脏组织中核因子κB、诱导型一氧化氮合酶、一氧化氮、caspase-3和细胞凋亡指数的作用。方法:将健康雄性 Wistar 大鼠随机分为 3组:缺血再灌注组和吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸组通过右侧肾切除+左肾动脉夹闭45 min 建立肾缺血/再灌注模型,吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸组于实验前 30 min 尾静脉注射吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸(100 mg/kg)。假手术组不给予缺血再灌注处理。结果与结论:与假手术组相比,缺血再灌注组大鼠再灌注后肾组织核因子κB表达水平、血肌酐水平、尿素氮水平、诱导型一氧化氮合酶活性、一氧化氮表达水平、caspase-3 表达水平和细胞凋亡水平增加(P<0.05);而与缺血再灌注组相比,吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸组大鼠再灌注后以上指标均好转。说明肾缺血/再灌注损伤可引起肾组织结构损伤和细胞凋亡,且与核因子κB引起的一氧化氮高表达有关;应用核因子κB抑制剂吡咯烷二硫代氨基甲酸可对缺血再灌注肾损伤发挥明显的保护作用。     

Cardioplegia-induced cardiac arrest under cardiopulmonary bypass decreased nitric oxide production which induced cardiomyocytic apoptosis via nuclear factor kappa B activation

Nitric oxide (NO) prevents the myocardial apoptosis and dysfunction resulting from cardioplegia-induced cardiac arrest (CCA) under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Inasmuch as CCA-induced myocardial dysfunction is associated with acute ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and inflammatory response, which activates nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) translocation, we assessed the hypothesis that the detrimental effects of CCA under CPB result from NO imbalance inducing NF-kappaB activation. New Zealand white rabbits (10 in each group, each 2.5-3.5 kg) received total CPB. Rabbits were weaned from CPB and reperfused for 4 h before the hearts were harvested. Blood was sampled at various time points. Nitric oxide donor or NO synthase inhibitor was added into the cardioplegic solution. The ascending aorta was cross-clamped for 60 min, whereas cold crystalloid cardioplegic solution was intermittently infused into the aortic root every 20 min. The myocardia of the reperfused hearts and control hearts were harvested and studied for evidence of apoptosis, I/R-induced proinflammatory gene expression, and inflammatory cytokine production by cardiomyocytes. Pretreatment of the cardiomyocytes with exogenous NO prevented the I/R-induced proinflammatory effects. The inflammatory and apoptotic responses of cardiomyocytes could be lessened by restoring NO concentration via modulation of the (1) nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB, (2) inducible NO synthase mRNA expression, (3) cytochrome c production, and (4) occurrence of apoptosis. Cardioplegia-induced cardiac arrest under CPB can decrease endogenous NO production, which can be restored with exogenous NO supplementation. Exogenous NO can ameliorate the myocardial inflammatory response by inhibition of NF-kappaB translocation, inflammatory gene expression, inducible NO synthase expression, and cytochrome c production.     

阿魏酸对阻断兔主动脉血流所致脊髓神经元凋亡的影响

目的探讨阿魏酸对阻断家兔主动脉血流所致脊髓神经元凋亡的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法将24只家兔按随机数字表法分为假手术组、缺血／再灌注（I／R）损伤组和阿魏酸组。采用阻断腹主动脉血流40min、再灌注7d制备脊髓I／R损伤模型；阿魏酸组于阻断腹主动脉前15min一次性静脉注射阿魏酸50mg／kg；假手术组仅松套腹主动脉，不阻断血流。分别测定腹主动脉阻断前10min（C-10）、开放前即刻（C40）及开放后60min（R60）和处死前即刻（R7d）血清丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）水平；检测脊髓凋亡神经元以及Bax和Bcl-2蛋白的表达；观察术后动物后肢神经功能评分。结果①I／R损伤组MDA含量明显高于C-10值及假手术组相应时间点值（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），SOD活性变化与MDA变化相反；阿魏酸组MDA含量明显高于C-10值（P〈0．05），但显著低于I／R损伤组相应时间点值（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），较假手术组比较差异无显著性，SOD活性变化与MDA变化亦相反。②I／R损伤组Bax蛋白表达明显高于假手术组（P〈0．05），Bcl-2蛋白表达则明显低于假手术组（P〈0．01）；阿魏酸组Bax蛋白表达明显低于I／R损伤组，但显著高于假手术组（P〈0．01和P〈0.05），Bcl一2蛋白表达明显高于I／R损伤组及假手术组（P均〈0.01）。③I／R损伤组脊髓神经元凋亡指数明显高于假手术组（P〈0．01）；阿魏酸组明显低于I／R损伤组，但高于假手术组（P〈0．01和P〈0．05）。④阿魏酸组瘫痪发生率明显低于I／R损伤组，其后肢神经功能评分明显高于I／R损伤组（P均〈0．01）。结论阿魏酸能显著抑制阻断家兔主动脉所致脊髓神经元凋亡的发生，其机制可能与其通过抗氧化反应进而抑制Bax蛋白、增强Bcl-2蛋白的表汰有关．     

抗肿瘤坏死因子抗体对体外循环肺组织超微结构的影响

目的 探讨气管内给予抗肿瘤坏死因子抗体(TNF-αAb)对体外循环(CPB)肺损伤组织超微结构的影响.方法 选取健康家兔28只,随机分成4组,每组7只,即:Ⅰ组为单纯开胸组;Ⅱ组为单纯CPB组;Ⅲ组为CPB+经气管插管注入生理盐水组;Ⅳ组为CPB+TNF-αt Ab组.给药方法 是于术前和主动脉开放后经气管插管注入抗兔TNF-α Ab(总量2400pg/kg).采取肺组织样本,电镜观察其超微结构,并对TNF-α mRNA和TNF-α蛋白的表达及细胞凋亡情况进行观察.结果 TNF-α Ab明显抑制了肺源性TNF-α的释放.降低了肺含水量,减少了肺组织细胞凋亡的发生,且病理形态学改变较轻.结论 气管内应用TNF-α Ab能明显减轻体外循环时肺组织超微结构的损伤.     

Direct evidence that protein kinase C plays an essential role in the development of late preconditioning against myocardial stunning in conscious rabbits and that epsilon is the isoform involved.

Brief ischemic episodes confer marked protection against myocardial stunning 1-3 d later (late preconditioning [PC] against stunning). The mechanism of this powerful protective effect is poorly understood. Although protein kinase C (PKC) has been implicated in PC against infarction, it is unknown whether it triggers late PC against stunning. In addition, the entire PKC hypothesis of ischemic PC remains controversial, possibly because the effects of PKC inhibitors on PC protection have not been correlated with their effects on PKC activity and/or translocation in vivo. Thus, conscious rabbits underwent a sequence of six 4-min coronary occlusion (O)/4-min reperfusion (R) cycles for three consecutive days (days 1, 2, and 3). In the control group (group I, n = 7), the recovery of systolic wall thickening after the six O/R cycles was markedly improved on days 2 and 3 compared with day 1, indicating the development of late PC against stunning. Administration of the PKC inhibitor chelerythrine at a dose of 5 mg/kg before the first O on day 1 (group II, n = 10) abrogated the late PC effect against stunning, whereas a 10-fold lower dose (0.5 mg/kg; group III, n = 7) did not. Administration of 5 mg/kg of chelerythrine 10 min after the sixth reperfusion on day 1 (group IV, n = 6) failed to block late PC against stunning. When rabbits were given 5 mg/kg of chelerythrine in the absence of O/R (group V, n = 5), the severity of myocardial stunning 24 h later was not modified. Pretreatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (4 microg/kg) on day 1 without ischemia (group VI, n = 11) induced late PC against stunning on day 2 and the magnitude of this effect was equivalent to that observed after ischemic PC. In vehicle-treated rabbits (group VIII, n = 5), the six O/R cycles caused translocation of PKC isoforms epsilon and eta from the cytosolic to the particulate fraction without significant changes in total PKC activity, in the subcellular distribution of total PKC activity, or in the subcellular distribution of the alpha, beta1, beta2, gamma, delta, zeta, iota, lambda, and mu isoforms. The higher dose of chelerythrine (5 mg/kg; group X, n = 5) prevented the translocation of both PKC epsilon and eta induced by ischemic PC, whereas the lower dose (0.5 mg/kg; group XI, n = 5) prevented the translocation of PKC eta but not that of epsilon, indicating that the activation of epsilon is necessary for late PC to occur whereas that of eta is not. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that a PKC inhibitor actually prevents the translocation of PKC induced by ischemic PC in vivo, and that this inhibition of PKC translocation results in loss of PC protection. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the mechanism of late PC against myocardial stunning in conscious rabbits involves a PKC-mediated signaling pathway, and implicate epsilon as the specific PKC isoform responsible for the development of this cardioprotective phenomenon.     

ATP敏感性钾通道开放剂对脑缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用及信号转导机制研究

目的 观察ATP敏感性钾通道（KATP）开放剂对大鼠脑缺血／再灌注（I／R）损伤后神经元凋亡的保护作用及其信号转导机制。方法 将200只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组（A组）、缺血组（B组）、KATP开放剂治疗组（C组）及KATP开放剂和阻断剂联合治疗组（D组）。应用线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞（MCAO）模型，各组于缺血后2h进行再灌注。各组于再灌注6、12、24、48和72h分别取5只大鼠脑组织标本，用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记法（TUNEL）检测神经元凋亡，用免疫组化法检测天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3（caspase-3）和caspase-9的蛋白表达；各组其余5只大鼠用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）观察caspase-3和caspase-9的mRNA表达。结果 B、C、D组再灌注后各时间点凋亡神经元数以及caspase-3、caspase-9的蛋白和mRNA表达均显著高于A组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），C组各指标均显著低于B组和D组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），而B组与D组各指标间比较差异均无显著性（P均〉0．05）。结论 KATP开放剂能显著减少脑I／R损伤后神经元凋亡以及caspase-3、caspase-9的mRNA和蛋白表达，提示KATP开放剂可能通过抑制线粒体通路减少脑I／R损伤后的神经元凋亡。     

Pretreament with repeated electroacupuncture induced neuroprotection against spinal cord ischemiareperfusion injury in rabbits

AIM:To investigate whether pretreatment with repeated electroacupuncture (EA) could induce ischemic tolerance against transient spinal cord ischemia in rabbits.METHODS:24male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to 3 groups(n=8 each),animals in the control group received no treatment;animals in the SP and EA group received sodium pentobarbitone 30mg/kg each day for 5 days;animals in EA group were also received electroacupuncture at the Zusanli acupoint 30min a day for 5days.24hours after the last treatment,spinal cord ischemia was induced by an infrarenal aortic occlusion for 20min.Hind-limb motor function was determined with the Tarlov criteria at 4,8,12,24 and 48h after reperfusion.All animals were sacrificed at 48h after reperfusion and the spinal cords(I5) were remoed immediately for histopathologic study.RESULTS:The neurologic outcome and histopathology(48h) in the EA group were significantly better than the control group(P=0.006).CONCLUSION:Pre-ischemic treatment with electroacupuncture significantly reduces spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits.     

The new K+ channel opener Aprikalim (RP 52891) reduces experimental infarct size in dogs in the absence of hemodynamic changes.

The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of a novel K+ channel opener, Aprikalim (RP 52891; [trans-(-)-N-methyl-2-(3-pyridyl)-2-tetrahydrothio-pyran carbothiamide-1-oxide]), on myocardial infarct size in barbital-anesthetized dogs subjected to 90 min of left circumflex coronary artery occlusion followed by 5 hr of reperfusion. To determine if RP 52891 is mediating its effects by opening adenosine triphosphate regulated potassium channels (KATP), glibenclamide, a KATP channel antagonist was used. Dogs were pretreated with vehicle, a nonhypotensive dose of RP 52891 (10 micrograms/kg + 0.1 microgram/kg/min i.v.), glibenclamide (1 mg/kg; i.v. bolus) or RP 52891 (10 micrograms/kg and 0.1 microgram/kg/min i.v.) after pretreatment with glibenclamide (1 mg/kg i.v. bolus). At the end of reperfusion, myocardial infarct size was determined by triphenyltetrazolium staining. There were no significant differences in systemic hemodynamics, myocardial oxygen demand, collateral blood flow or ischemic bed size among groups with the exception of an increase in coronary blood flow to the ischemic area at 3 and 5 hr of reperfusion in both RP-treated groups. However, myocardial infarct size, expressed as a percentage of the area at risk, was significantly (P less than .05) reduced (38%) by RP 52891 and significantly increased (38%) by glibenclamide (vehicle, 39 +/- 4%; RP 52891, 24 +/- 2%; and glibenclamide, 54 +/- 5%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

川芎嗪对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后细胞凋亡及 caspase 12 表达的影响简

目的 研究川芎嗪对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后细胞凋亡及天冬氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶12（caspase 12）表达的影响.方法 将48只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组（S）、脑缺血再灌注组（I/R）、川芎嗪低剂量组[10 mg/（mg/kg·d）,I/R ＋TMP组]、川芎嗪高剂量组[30 mg/（mg/kg·d）,I/R ＋TMP组],各组治疗7 d,1次/d,腹腔注射,S组和I/R组给予同剂量生理盐水,7 d后线栓法制备脑缺血再灌注模型,缺血2 h再灌注22 h.检测各组大鼠神经行为学评分、TTC法测定脑梗死体积、TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡、western blot印迹检测GRP78及caspase 12蛋白表达含量.结果与S组相比,I/R组神经行为学评分较高,神经细胞凋亡及脑梗死体积增高,GRP78及caspase 12的蛋白表达含量上升（P＜0.05）;与I/R组相比,川芎嗪组可改善大鼠脑神经行为学评分,降低脑梗死体积及细胞凋亡百分率、抑制GRP78及caspase 12的蛋白表达（P＜0.05）.结论 川芎嗪对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,其机制与其抑制细胞凋亡及caspase 12 的表达有关.