包扎、肋骨牵引和内固定治疗对连枷胸犬呼吸功能的影响

目的观察连枷胸犬胸壁加压包扎、肋骨牵引和手术内固定的治疗效果。方法实验用Beagle犬24只,随机分为A组（对照组）、B组（包扎治疗组）、C组（牵引治疗组）和D组（手术固定组）,每组6只,建立大面积（15cm^2／kg）浮动胸壁动物摸型。用MPA动物肺功能记录仪、血气分析、胸腔置管等观察犬呼吸频率（RR）、潮气量（Vt）、每分钟静息通气量（VE）、肺顺应性（CL）、气道阻力（Raw）、动脉血氧分压（PaO2）、动脉血二氧化碳分压（PaCO2）、动脉血氧饱和度（SaO2）、剩余碱（BE）及胸膜腔内压（IPP）等变化,比较胸壁加压包扎、肋骨牵引固定和手术内固定的治疗效果。结果浮动胸壁模型完成后,均出现反常呼吸,胸膜腔内压负压绝对值减小（P〈0．01）,RR、Raw明显升高（P〈0．01）,Vt、VE、PaO2、CL下降（P〈0．05）,PaCO2、SaO2显著下降（P〈0．01）,BE无统计学意义（P〉0．1）。与A比较,B组IPP、Raw、RR显著升高（P〈0．01）,Vt、VE显著减少（P〈0．01）,PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、BE、CL均无统计学意义（P〉0．1）;C组Vt、Raw显著升高（P〈0．01）,IPP、PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、BE、CL、VE、RR均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;D组VE升高（P〈0．05）,PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、CL、Vt显著升高（P〈0．01）,IPP负压值加大（P〈0．05）,RR显著减少（P〈0．01）,BE、Raw无统计学意义（P〉0．1）。结论大面积浮动胸壁的病理改变以胸腔容积减少为基础,胸壁加压包扎无治疗效果,甚至加重低氧。肋骨巾钳悬吊牵引固定虽可增加潮气量,但对连枷胸缺氧内环境的改善效果不佳。手术切开复位内固定是改善大面积浮动胸壁呼吸功能障碍的有效方法。     

浮动胸壁对犬心肺功能的损害及机械通气和肋骨牵引的治疗效果

目的 观察浮动胸壁对心肺功能的影响以及机械通气和肋骨牵引的疗效。方法 杂种1犬16只建立小面积（10cm^2/kg）和大面积（20cm^2/kg）浮动胸壁动物模型，每组8只，用胸腔置管、Swan-Ganz导管、血气分析等观察心排量（CO）、中心静脉压（CVP）、平均动脉压（MAP）、肺动脉压（PAP）、动脉氧分压（PaO2），肺动脉静脉分流分数（Qs.／Qt）及胸膜腔内压等的变化和机械通气、肋骨牵引固定的治疗效果。结果 浮动胸壁模型完成后，均出现反常呼吸，胸腔内压力为负值，未出现软化部分膨出；小面积组动脉血氧饱和度（SaO2）下降（P＜0．05），Qs/Qt下降（P＜0．05）。与治疗前比较，机械通气治疗后小面积组Qs/Qt下降（P＜0．05），CO和SaO2则升高（P＜0．05）；而大面积组SaO2、PaO2明显升同（P＜0．01），Qs/Qt和PaCO2下降（P＜0．05）。结论 浮动胸壁的病理胸腔容积减少为基础，机械通气和肋骨牵引固定是有效的治疗手段，机械通气对大面积浮动胸壁呼吸功能障碍的疗效更好。     

高原康胶囊预防急性高原病的抗氧化及抗缺氧效应研究

目的：通过实验了解高原康胶囊在急性高原病（Acute high altitude diseaes,AHAD）的预防过程中的抗氧化及抗缺氧效应。方法：将80名由平原乘飞机初次进入高原的战士随机分为实验组40名和对照组40名,实验组于平原登机前开始给予口服高原康胶囊,连服3日,对照组给予安慰剂,并对两组进入高原前后的血清一氧化氮（NO）、血浆内皮素（ET）、血氧饱和度（SaO2）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活力、血清过氧化氢（H2O2）、乳酸（LD）及两组7d内AHAD的发病情况进行比较。结果：对照组进入高原后与平原比较SOD及CAT活力、血清H2O2、LD及血浆ET均显著升高,血清NO、SaO2显著降低（P〈0．001）;实验组除SaO2显著降低（P〈0．01）、LD显著升高（P〈0．05）外其余指标则无显著变化;进入高原后两组比较实验组SOD及CAT活力、血清H2O2、LD及血浆ET含量及AHAD发病率均显著降低对照组,血清N0及SaO2显著高于对照组（其中SOD、H2O2、LD、NO P〈0．05,CAT、ET、SaO2 P〈0．01,AHAD发病率P〈0．001）。结论：高原康胶囊具有显著的抗氧化及抗缺氧效应,能有效地预防急进高原者AHAD的发生。     

硝苯吡啶对急进高原现场幼猪血流动力学及血气的影响

目的 :了解硝苯吡啶 (Nifedipine ,NF)对高原急性缺氧的治疗作用。方法 :利用右心导管法对急进高原现场急性缺氧幼猪应用NF前后的血流动力学及血气各时相点的变化情况进行观察。结果 :急进高原现场幼猪应用NF后肺动脉压 (PAP)及肺血管阻力 (PVR)显著下降 (各时相点分别为P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1 ) ,心输出量 (CO)及动脉血SaO2 、PaO2 显著升高 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 0 1 ) ;而心率 (HR)、肺动脉楔压 (PAWP)、平均体动脉压 (mSAP)、PH、HCO3- 、PaCO2 变化无统计学意义。结论 :NF可明显降低急进高原现场幼猪的肺动脉压 (PAP) ,提高CO和动脉血SaO2 、PaO2 ,有利于急性缺氧的治疗。     

复发性视神经脊髓炎脑扩散张量成像研究

目的利用扩散张量成像（DTI）探讨复发性视神经脊髓炎（RNMO）患者是否存在隐匿性脑组织损伤及其发生机制。方法对16例RNMO患者和16例性别和年龄匹配的正常志愿者脑组织的平均扩散系数（ND）和部分各向异性（FA）进行直方图和感兴趣区（ROI）分析，以P≤0．005为差异有统计学意义。结果与志愿者比较，RNMO患者脑的平均MD升高[脑组织：RNMO患者（0．95±0．02）×10^-3mm^2／s，志愿者（0．91±0．03）×10^-3mm^2，t=3．940，P〈0．001；脑白质：RNMO患者（0．82±0．02）×10^-3mm^2／s，志愿者（0．80±0．02）×10^-3mm^2／s，t=3．117，P=0．004；脑灰质：RNMO患者（1．06±0．04）×10^-3mm^2／s，志愿者（0．88±0．05）×10^-3mm^2／s，t=4．031，P〈0．001]、脑白质的FA直方图峰高抬高[RNMO患者（2．61±0．18）‰，志愿者（2．38±0．18）‰，t=3．627，P=0．001]及脑灰质的MD直方图峰高降低[RNMO患者（7．37±0．89）‰，志愿者（8．91±1．71）‰，t=3．210，P=0．003]和峰位置抬高[RNMO患者（0．83±0．02）×10^-3mm^2／s，志愿者（0．81±0．02）×10^-3mm^2／s，t=4．373，P〈0．001]；与脊髓和视神经有直接联系ROI的平均MD升高[延髓：RNMO患者（1．27±0．11）×10^-3mm^2／s，志愿者（1．11±0．10）×10^-3mm^2／s，t=4．260，P〈0．001；大脑脚：RNMO患者（1．01±0．11）×10^-3mm^2／s，志愿者（0．87±0．05）×10^-3mm^2／s，t=4．391，P〈0．001；内囊：RNMO患者（0．74±0．01）×10^-3mm^2／s，志愿者（0．72±0．01）×10^-3mm^2／s，t=4．683，P〈0．001；视放射：RNMO患者（0．88±0．03）×10^-3mm^2／s，志愿者（0．82±0．03）×10^-3mm^2／s，t=4．619，P〈0．001）、平均FA降低（延髓：RNMO患者0．27±0．01，志愿者0．29±0．03，t=2．996，P=0．005；大脑脚：RNMO患者0．49±0．04，志愿者0．54±0．03，t=4．280，P〈0．001；内囊：RNMO患者0．66±0．02，志愿者0．69±0．02，t=3．953，P〈0．001；视放射：RNMO患者0．53±0．04，志愿者0．59±0．03，t=4．705，P〈0．001）；而与脊髓和视神经无直接联系的胼胝体的平均MD[膝部：RNMO患者（0．76±0．04）×10^-3mm^2／s，志愿者（0．73±0．03）×10^-3mm^2／s；压部：RNMO患者（0．77±0．05）×10^-3mm^2／s，志愿者（0．73±0．04）×10^-3mm^2／s]和FA值（膝部：RNMO患者0．82±0．03，志愿者0．82±0．03；压部：RNMO患者0．83±0．03，志愿者0．83±0．02）差异无统计学意义（P值均〉0．005）。结论RNMO患者存在隐匿性脑组织损伤，这可能与继发于脊髓和视神经病灶的顺行和逆行性变性有关。     

西宁地区122例新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病血气分析

目的：探讨西宁地区新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（HIE）血气分析的特点及临床意义。方法：对122例HIE患儿和95例正常新生儿进行血气分析检测。结果：HIE组与正常对照组相比各血气分析数值间差别均有显著性,P〈0．01;轻、中度HIE组间除SaO2,P〉0．05外,各参数间差别亦有显著性,（P〈0．01或P〈0．05;中、重度HIE组间除HCO3^-,P〉0．05外,各参数间差别亦均有显著性,P〈0．01。结论：HIE可导致血气分析发生明显改变,血气分析可做为判断HIE病情轻重程度的指标。     

高容量血液滤过联合机械通气治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征的疗效观察

目的观察高容量血液滤过（HVHF）联合机械通气治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDs）的临床疗效。方法72例ARDS患者随机分为两组,对照组（n=36例）采用机械通气治疗,观察组（n=36例）采用HVHF联合机械通气治疗,观察两组患者治疗前后血气指标变化情况;采用ELISA法检测两组患者治疗前后IL-6及TNF-α表达水平,并予以APACHEⅡ评分和记录各组患者机械通气时间、住ICU时间及病死率。结果两组患者治疗后血气指标（pH、PaO2、PaCO2、PaOjFiO2）较治疗前均明显改善（P〈0．05）,且观察组PaO2、PaO2／FiO2改善更为显著（P〈0．05）;两组患者治疗后血清IL-6及TNF-α表达水平较治疗前均明显降低（尸〈0．05）,且观察组降低更为显著（P〈0．05）;观察组APACHEⅡ评分明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）,机械通气时间和住Icu时间较对照组明显缩短（P〈0．05）,死亡率明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论HVHF联合机械通气治疗ARDS可明显改善血气指标,缩短机械通气治疗和住ICu时间,降低APACHEⅡ评分和病死率,值得临床广泛应用。     

吸入纯氧对快速进入高原猪血流动力学及血气的影响

目的 :了解吸入纯氧对高原急性缺氧的治疗作用 ;方法 :对快速进入高原猪吸入纯氧 3 0min,设时相点 ,在各时相点观察急性缺氧动物血流动力学及血气各指标的变化情况 ;结果 :吸入纯氧后高原急性缺氧动物肺动脉压 (PAP)、肺动脉压楔压 (AWP)及肺血管阻力 (PVR) ,均较吸纯氧前显著下降 (P值均 <0 .0 0 5) ,体动脉SaO2 、PaO2 及PaCO2 显著升高 (P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;结论 :吸入纯氧可明显降低高原急性缺氧动物肺动脉压 ,提高SaO2 、PaO2 及PaCO2 。     

硝苯吡啶对急进高原现场幼猪氧动力学的影响

目的 :了解硝苯吡啶 (Nifedipine ,NF)对急性缺氧幼猪氧动力学的影响。方法 :利用右心漂浮导管法对快速进入高原急性缺氧幼猪应用NF后氧动力学的变化进行观察。结果 :应用NF后 ,急性缺氧幼猪的肺动脉平均压 (mPAP)、肺血管阻力 (PVR)显著降低 (其中mPAP :P <0 .0 1,PVR :P <0 .0 0 1) ;心输出量 (CO)、SaO2 、PaO2 、氧输送 (DO2 )、氧消耗 (VO2 )、氧摄取率 (O2Ext)显著提高 (CO :P <0 .0 1,SaO2 、PaO2 、DO2 、VO2 、O2Ext:P <0 .0 0 1)。结论 :NF能降低急性缺氧幼猪的PVR ,通过改变CO而提高组织的DO2 、VO2 ,改善组织因缺氧引起的氧代谢障碍。     

不同机械通气策略对急性肺损伤患者血液、呼吸动力学和氧代谢的影响

目的 探讨不同机械气策略对急性肺损伤（ALI）患者血液、呼吸动力学和氧代谢的影响。方法 本组共26例ALI患者,对其中ALI评分值≥2．5者采用低潮气量＋呼气末正压（PEEP）通气,并依次按0,5,10,15,20mH2O增加PEEP;对另外12例ALI评分值＜2．5者最初采用辅助／控制通气（A／C）,并逐渐改为间歇辅助通气（SIMV）和压力支持通气（PSV）。通过Swan-Ganz导管获得血液动力学和氧代谢参数。结果 PEEP在5－15cmH2O范围内,动脉血氧分压（PaO2)、氧合指数（PaO2/FiO2)、氧供给（DO2）和肺静态顺应性（Cst)随着PEEP的增高而逐渐增加（P＜0．05）。在PEEP增加到20cmH2O时心输出量（CO）和Cst下降,外周循环阻力（SVR）、肺循环阻力（PVR）和气道峰值压（PIP）增加（P＜0．05）。SIMV与A／C相比可显著增加DO2（P＜0．05）,PSV与A／C相比可明显降低PIP并使Cst增加（P＜0．05）。SIMV和PSV方式均可降低SVR。结论 对ALI不同时期选择不同的机械通气策略,可更好的增加氧供,减少对呼吸、血液动力学的影响。     

Intraosseous Venography with Carbon Dioxide in Percutaneous Vertebroplasty: Carbon Dioxide Retention in Renal Veins

The objective of the present study was to determine the frequency of gas retention in the renal vein following carbon dioxide intraosseous venography in the prone position and, while citing references, to examine its onset mechanisms. All percutaneous vertebroplasties performed at our hospital from January to December 2005 were registered and retrospectively analyzed. Of 43 registered procedures treating 79 vertebrae, 28 procedures treating 54 vertebrae were analyzed. Vertebral intraosseous venography was performed using carbon dioxide as a contrast agent in all percutaneous vertebroplasty procedures. In preoperative and postoperative vertebral CT, gas retention in the renal vein and other areas was assessed. Preoperative CT did not show gas retention (0/28 procedures; 0%). Postoperative CT confirmed gas retention in the renal vein in 10 of the 28 procedures (35.7%). Gas retention was seen in the right renal vein in 8 procedures (28.6%), in the left renal vein in 5 procedures (17.9%), in the left and right renal veins in 3 procedures (10.7%), in vertebrae in 22 procedures (78.6%), in the soft tissue around vertebrae in 14 procedures (50.0%), in the spinal canal in 12 procedures (42.9%), and in the subcutaneous tissue in 5 procedures (17.9%). In conclusion, in our study, carbon dioxide gas injected into the vertebra frequently reached and remained in the renal vein.     

二氧化碳数字减影血管造影技术

使用离子型碘造影剂血管造影的各种副作用 (包括过敏、肾毒性、发热、疼痛等 )的发生率达 12 .6 6 % ,使用非离子型造影剂副反应率仍达 3.13% [1 ]。且其价格昂贵 ,国内病人使用受到限制。将 CO2 气体注入血管行数字减影血管造影 (CO2 - DSA)可用于除心、脑以外的各种病变的诊断并介导介入放射操作[2 ,3] 。笔者通过动物实验证实国产医用纯 CO2 血管造影的安全性后 ,将其应用于临床。1　资料和方法1.1　临床材料 :本组 85例病人行 CO2 - DSA,包括肝动脉造影 6 5例 ,脾动脉造影 4例 ,肾动脉造影 4例 ,肠系膜上动脉造影 2例 ,直接门静脉…     

Use of Carbon Dioxide Contrast in Hybrid CT-Angiography

1. Download : Download high-res image (155KB)
2. Download : Download full-size image

     

CO2激光吻合肌腱的实验研究

本文用37只家兔的148支右后足的第Ⅰ～Ⅳ趾趾深屈肌腱,作二氧化碳激光(CO_2)吻合肌腱实验研究,全部肌腱用手术刀横断。8支肌腱作原始Kessler法重建术,并作生物力学测定。140支肌腱随机分成二组。对照组用Kessler法重建肌腱,用8～0缝线缝合肌腱断端对合处腱外膜。实验组也作Keasler法重建肌腱,用功率3W、光斑直径1.0mm、光脉冲时间0.1s的CO_2激光束对肌腱外膜作环形叠瓦式照射。生物力学测定,二组肌腱的抗断裂强度无显著差异(P>0.05),而二组均优于原始Kessler法的强度(P<0.05)。炎性反应、异物反应和腱周粘连,对照组均比实验组明显。     

Identifying Significant Changes in Cerebrovascular Reactivity to Carbon Dioxide

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Changes in cerebrovascular reactivity can be used to assess disease progression and response to therapy but require discrimination of pathology from normal test-to-test variability. Such variability is due to variations in methodology, technology, and physiology with time. With uniform test conditions, our aim was to determine the test-to-test variability of cerebrovascular reactivity in healthy subjects and in patients with known cerebrovascular disease.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Cerebrovascular reactivity was the ratio of the blood oxygen level–dependent MR imaging response divided by the change in carbon dioxide stimulus. Two standardized cerebrovascular reactivity tests were conducted at 3T in 15 healthy men (36.7 ± 16.1 years of age) within a 4-month period and were coregistered into standard space to yield voxelwise mean cerebrovascular reactivity interval difference measures, composing a reference interval difference atlas. Cerebrovascular reactivity interval difference maps were prepared for 11 male patients. For each patient, the test-retest difference of each voxel was scored statistically as z-values of the corresponding voxel mean difference in the reference atlas and then color-coded and superimposed on the anatomic images to create cerebrovascular reactivity interval difference z-maps.RESULTS:There were no significant test-to-test differences in cerebrovascular reactivity in either gray or white matter (mean gray matter, P = .431; mean white matter, P = .857; paired t test) in the healthy cohort. The patient cerebrovascular reactivity interval difference z-maps indicated regions where cerebrovascular reactivity increased or decreased and the probability that the changes were significant.CONCLUSIONS:Accounting for normal test-to-test differences in cerebrovascular reactivity enables the assessment of significant changes in disease status (stability, progression, or regression) in patients with time.

Knowledge of the repeatability of any test is crucial for assessing not only the progress of a disease with time but also the effects of any therapeutic intervention. Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) is a test indicating the magnitude of CBF responses to a vasoactive stimulus. Reductions in CVR have been shown to indicate an enhanced risk of stroke^1–3 and reduced cognitive ability.⁴ There are currently a number of techniques for mapping CVR. We have found blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) MR imaging signal intensity during arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂) manipulation a reliable measure of CVR. Our CVR test is, in effect, a cerebrovascular “stress test,” in which occult regional limitations of hemodynamic reserve can be mapped using MR imaging of a stimulated global increase in CBF.^5–7Clinical Aspects of CVR MapsClinically significant changes in CVR maps must be distinguishable from the normal variation in CVR due to equipment variability, artifacts such as patient movement, and normal day-to-day physiologic variability. If we consider a longitudinal study of a group of patients undergoing an intervention in which we wish to test the effectiveness of the intervention, performing a paired t test would account for this background variability. In the case of a single patient whose improvement in CVR after an intervention is to be evaluated, we used a group of healthy control subjects to provide an equivalent statistical yardstick to test the significance of the measured change in CVR relative to the expected reproducibility of the test. To that end, we have standardized the PaCO₂ stimulus, a critical component for developing test-to-test reliability, MR imaging sequence parameters, and data analysis.^8–10 Once this step has been performed, quantization of the unavoidable background variability in CVR “noise” can be ascertained. We hypothesize that the variations in CVR outside the range of these normal test-to-test changes will be attributable to pathophysiologic changes.Study AimTherefore, our aim in this study was to develop and test a quantitative method for detecting significant within-subject changes in CVR with time. We created a voxelwise CVR test-to-test interval difference (ID) atlas for healthy subjects (CVR ID atlas). We used the SD of the CVR ID atlas to score the probability that the voxelwise differences between 2 CVR studies for a patient would exceed the normal variation (ie, z scores). We report on the use of this method to monitor the changes with time in CVR in 11 patients with intracranial steno-occlusive disease, most of whom had undergone revascularization procedures.     

Comparison of CT-guided sclerotherapy with using 95% ethanol and 20% hypertonic saline for managing simple renal cyst.

OBJECTIVE: We wanted to compare the efficacies of 95% ethanol and 20% hypertonic saline (HS) sclerotherapies that were performed in a single session under CT guidance for the management of simple renal cysts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective series of 74 consecutive patients (average age: 57.6 +/- 8.1 years) with simple renal cysts were enrolled in this study. They were randomized into two groups and 95% ethanol or 20% HS, respectively, corresponding to 25% of the aspiration volume, was injected. Treatment success was determined six months later with follow-up clinical evaluation and performing ultrasonography. RESULTS: The sclerotherapy was accepted as technically successful without major complications in all except two patients who were excluded because of a communication between the simple renal cyst and the pelvicalyceal collecting system. Thirty-six patients in the ethanol group received sclerotherapy with 95% ethanol and 36 patients in the HS group underwent sclerotherapy with 20% HS. The complete regression ratio of the ethanol group was significantly higher (94% versus 72%, respectively) than that of the HS group. There was one patient with partial regression in each group. The failure ratio of the ethanol group was significantly lower (3% versus 25%, respectively) than that of the HS group. CONCLUSION: Ethanol sclerotherapy under CT guidance is a successful and safe procedure and it can be used for the treatment of simple renal cysts. Sclerotherapy with 95% ethanol is more effective than 20% HS sclerotherapy. Sclerotherapy with HS may be an option for patients preferring to undergo a less painful treatment procedure.     

分子筛CO2去除系统研究

目的 探索分子筛CO2去除技术应用于空间站系统的可行性.方法 系统分析了空间站分子筛CO2去除系统(4BMS)原理样机设计和工作原理,在模拟空间站真实负荷的条件下对该原理样机进行了连续120 d密闭舱试验研究.结果 在3人CO2代谢量条件下,该原理样机能有效控制密闭舱内的CO2浓度在0.5％以下,并保证空气露点在-33℃以下,系统功耗不高于800 W.结论 该原理样机满足未来空间站系统对CO2浓度控制的要求.     

Carbon Dioxide and Gadopentetate Dimeglumine Venography to Guide Percutaneous Vertebroplasty

Percutaneous vertebroplasty with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is an effective procedure for relieving pain due to vertebral body compression fractures. The technique employs iodinated contrast venography to exclude needle placement directly within the basivertebral complex. We present two cases in which carbon dioxide (CO₂) and gadopentetate dimeglumine venography was used to guide percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with a contraindication to iodinated contrast.