骨科康复常用词中英文对照(2)

active－ assistive exercise 主动－助力运动 active ankle 动踝假脚 active exercise 主动运动 ambulation training 步行训练amputation patient 截肢患者 amyosthenia 肌无力active range of motion 关节主动活动的可动度骨科康复常用词中英文对照(2)     

心力衰竭患者的骨骼肌肌病与抗阻运动锻炼

<正>抗阻运动训练(resistance exercise training,RT)可以提高骨骼肌肌力和肌耐力,改善器官功能和生存质量,因此,RT已成为各年龄段健康成人运动锻炼的一个组成部分[1]。但传统观点认为,由于渐进抗阻运动可能会造成心肌缺血、血液     

等动测试、训练在运动系统伤病防治与康复上的应用

一、前言等动训练(Isokinetic training),又称谓调节抗阻训练(Accommodating resistance training),它是抗阻运动——力量训练和肌肉功能评价的一种新方法。目前,等动测试、训练在国外倍受骨科医师、理疗师、运动医学与康复医学工作者的青睐,它作为一种不同于等长、等张训练的新方法,已经广泛用于运动系统伤病的预防和康复,尤其在运动损伤或骨     

悬吊训练作用机制及临床应用研究进展

正悬吊训练(sling exercise training,SET),是运用悬吊训练装置结合神经肌肉激活技术(neuromuscular activation,Neurac)、骨关节活动度训练、肌力训练等,进行主动、被动或助力治疗和康复训练的一种物理治疗方法。通过悬吊设备,使人体排除重力的影响后,在不稳定的状态下进行主动训练,通过促进人体躯干核心肌肉收缩而产生训练效果,从而达到持久改善肌肉骨骼疾病的目的。     

感觉运动训练治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的疗效观察

目的 探讨感觉运动训练治疗膝关节骨性关节炎(OA)的临床疗效.方法 共选取92例膝OA患者,采用随机数字表法将其分为治疗组及对照组.2组患者均给予常规康复治疗,包括膝关节等长、等张肌力训练、超短波、有氧训练等;治疗组患者在上述基础上辅以感觉运动训练,包括股四头肌-腘绳肌悬吊训练、在Thera-band训练垫上进行肌力训练及平衡训练等.于治疗2个月后对2组患者膝关节疼痛程度及功能进行评定.结果 2组患者分别经相应治疗后,发现其膝关节疼痛及活动功能均较入选时明显改善;并且以治疗组的改善幅度相对较显著,与对照组间差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 在常规康复治疗基础上辅以感觉运动训练,能进一步缓解膝OA患者疼痛、促进关节功能恢复,该联合疗法值得临床推广、应用.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the effects of sensorimotor therapy on patients with knee osteoarthritis.Methods Ninety-two patients with knee osteoarthritis were divided into a treatment group and a control group by using random digits table. Both groups received conventional rehabilitation therapy, including knee isometric and isotonic contraction training, ultrashort wave diathermy as well as aerobic exercise. The treatment group was also administered with sensorimotor training, in addition to the conventional training,including the muscle strengthening and control training of quadriceps and hamstring muscle using sling exercise therapy system and on the Thera-band mattress. The visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, manual muscle testing and knee range of motion as well as the Japanese Orthopedic Association knee function evaluation form were used to evaluate the patients. Results There was no statistic difference between the 2 groups before treatment, with regard to the evaluation parameters used in this study. After 2 months of treatment, both groups improved significantly (P ＜0.05),with the treatment group improved to a significantly greater extent (P ＜0.05). Conclusions Sensorimotor training in addition to the conventional rehabilitation treatment can further relieve the pain of patients with knee osteoarthritis joints arthritis and improve the function of patients with knee osteoarthritis.     

等张收缩模式下动作速度与张力持续时间对肌力和骨骼肌肥大的影响差异研究进展

<正>抗阻训练(resistance training,RT)被认为是诱导骨骼肌肥大，提高肌力和运动表现的重要训练方式^[1]。对于普通大众、职业竞技运动员、教练员，甚至包括有运动障碍的人群，抗阻训练都是最为关键的一部分。如何能够制定一份有效的RT方案则是教练员和运动康复医师所面临的重要问题。早前的研究已经表明，在抗阻训练过程中有较多因素可以影响到力量的发展和骨骼肌肥大，     

抗阻运动的睾酮应答

背景：抗阻运动雄激素应答是运动科学领域的研究热点,目前关于抗阻运动雄激素应答的研究结果表现不同,总体表现为不同抗阻运动干预下雄激素变化趋势不同。目的：全面了解目前抗阻运动对人体雄激素应答的影响,描述抗阻运动雄激素应答的研究进展。为抗阻运动训练监控提供理论依据。方法：电子检索美国生物医学文献数据库PubMed 1986至2013年收录的抗阻运动激素应答的相关综述及论文报告,共纳入46篇文献分析抗阻运动雄激素应答的进展。结果与结论：研究表明举重（抓举、挺举）、深蹲、硬拉与小肌肉群相比较能产生更多的睾酮水平升高,在相同的相对负荷下,离心收缩和向心收缩产生同样的激素应答。充足的训练量和强度能确切的改变循环睾酮水平,短间歇时间比长间歇时间更能产生睾酮应答性升高。研究发现运动前后青年组较老年组游离睾酮升高明显。补充营养会影响抗阻训练的急性睾酮应答。改变运动强度和运动量会产生安静睾酮浓度改变,但恢复正常训练时,睾酮浓度回到基础值。抗阻运动能上调人类骨骼肌雄激素受体含量。     

加压训练的应用及限制研究进展

加压训练是一种新型运动训练方法,是在运动训练过程中对训练部位进行加压限制或者间歇阻断静脉血流,故也称血流限制训练(blood flow restriction training,BFR),其在刺激肌肉生长、促进蛋白质合成和提高肌肉适能方面具有一定效果.与传统抗阻训练相比,加压训练不但能提高肌肉机能,而且在低负荷运动中能...     

The research of the improved quadricepsplasty combining rehabilitaion training on arthroclisis of knee

Objective:To introduce the improved quadricepsplasty and rehabilitation training in the therapy of arthroclisis of knee,and to evaluate its curative effect in the near future.Methods:21 patients with old arthroclisis of kne resulf trom surrounding bone fracture were treated with improved quadricepsplasty and early rehabilitation training including ROM trainin,myodynamic exercise and physiotherapy for more than half a year.Knee joint functions before and after were compared to summarize the feasibility and effects of the therapy.Results:After above mentioned therapy;the patients‘ knee joint functions were obviously improved.ROM and function scores were significantly increased than that before operation (P&;lt;0.01).Conclusion: compared with the former style,the improved quadricesplasty has some merits such as better wound healing,suitable for early functional exercise and less comlication .Combining it with early rehabilitation training si on effective treatment on arthroclisis of knee.     

加压训练促进肌适能的实践应用及生理机制的研究

正与以往传统抗阻训练不同,加压训练(occlusion training或KAATSU training)是一种与局部限制血流相结合的肌力训练方法,也称为血流限制性训练(blood flow restriction training,BFRT)。加压训练对骨骼康复、血管顺应性(vascular compliance)、激素分泌、肌肉肥大等有良性效果,因其具有训练效率较高、运动形式多样、操作方便且安全等特点,应用前景广阔。实际应用中,加压训练仍受运动负荷、反复次数、间歇时间及训练周期等影响,需要注意的是血管病变者不宜进行加压训练。为了解加压训练的应用价值,本文评述了其在运动健身、竞技体育及医疗康复领域中的研究概况,阐述了其促进肌适能的生理机制,为今后进一步应用提供参考。     

等长运动训练降低静息血压

<正> 最近的几项研究表明,抗阻训练同节律性运动一样也可降低静息血压,且几乎不影响最大耗氧量(VO_2_(max))。但由于抗阻训练是由等长运动和节律性运动共同组成的,因此,逻辑上应对单纯等长收缩运动时血压的反应进行研究。本研究的目的就是为了评价等长收缩性握力训练对静息血压的影响。资料与方法第1组研究①对象:健康人20名,年龄20～35岁,静息舒张压10.8～12.1kPa。随机分成运功训练组和非运动对照组,每组     

常见康复技术英语名称(PT、OT部分)

(按中文汉语拼音排列)中文英文中文英文(开始的)弛缓期initial flaccid stage痉挛期stage of spasticityBobath法Bobath approach牵引tractionBrunnstrom法Brunnstromapproach神经发育疗法(即Bobath法)neurodevelopmental treat ment按摩massage神经生理疗法neurophysiological therapy本体神经肌肉促进法cpirliotpartiioocne(pPtiNveF)neuromuscular fa-or neurophysiological approaches步态训练gait training物理疗法physical therapy;physiotherapy步行训练ambulation training运动再学习法motor relearning program(MRP)促进技术f…     

心脏病人抗阻运动的生理和症状反应

<正> 心脏病人康复有氧运动处方已成为被接受的治疗方式。事实上,很多 ADL、作业和娱乐活动对心血管系统反应更密切类似重抗阻运动。因此需要谨慎地将抗阻训练作为病人的常规运动治疗的一部分用以增加肌力和肌耐力。据报道,冠心病人进行等长收缩练习时可诱发心律失常、心绞痛发作和左室功能失常,且抗阻训练时收缩压和舒张压明显增加。然而近来的证据表明,抗阻训练对心脏病人的危险比先前推测的要小。在中度至重度抗阻训练成为心脏病人治疗常规前,临床需要有更多关于心脏康复期进行这种训练类型的处方和安全观察。本研究的目的是观察     

血流限制训练联合有氧运动的作用机制及其在康复领域的应用进展

<正>近年来，血流限制训练（blood flow restriction training,BFRT）作为一种新兴的训练方式被广泛应用，其特点是配合低强度运动，能够达到和高强度运动相似的效果。血流限制训练不仅能够促进肌肉肥大、增加肌肉力量和激素分泌，而且联合低强度有氧运动能有效提升心肺耐力。与高强度有氧运动相比，血流限制联合有氧运动（blood flow restriction training with aerobic exercise,AE-BFR）产生的机械应力和心血管系统的压力较小，与传统的高强度有氧运动相比较为安全，     

肌肉丢失、运动干预及肌肉重建

背景：肌肉丢失是老年人肌肉质量随增龄而减少的现象,它与老年人肌肉功能退化有着密切的关系。近年来,对于肌肉丢失的机制及其运动干预效果研究有了许多新进展。目的：就肌肉丢失细胞水平的机制研究及其运动干预效果进行综述。方法：应用计算机检索 CNKI 期刊全文数据库（2000 年 1 月至 2012 年 12 月）和 PubMed 数据库（2010 年 1月至 2012 年 12 月） 有关肌肉丢失及老年抗阻训练的文献,检索词分别为＂肌肉丢失,肌肉蛋白质代谢,肌细胞,衰老,抗阻训练＂和＂sarcopenia,muscle,resistance training,aging,portein motablism。纳入与肌肉丢失、蛋白质代谢、抗阻训练相关的研究,排除陈旧、重复以及缺乏可信度的文献,最终纳入 58 篇文献进行分析。结果与结论：抗阻训练可以在一定程度上抑制肌肉丢失,使老年人肌肉质量增加,促进运动单位重组,但重组仅限于Ⅱa型和Ⅱb型纤维之间的相互转化;抗阻训练结合蛋白质补充可以有效促进老年人肌肉重建;老年人抗阻训练后的肌肉合成代谢反应较年轻人迟缓,但炎性反应较年轻人剧烈,而 Omega-3 对于消除这种炎性反应具有较好的作用。     

踏车运动训练对慢性阻塞性肺病患者吸气肌力、呼吸困难和下肢疲劳程度的影响

目的 探讨踏车运动训练后慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)患者运动耐力的改善与吸气肌力、呼吸困难和下肢疲劳程度的关系.方法 22例中、重度COPD患者分为康复组12例和对照组10例,康复组患者进行12周的下肢踏车运动训练.在运动训练前、后2组患者分别进行常规肺通气功能、弥散功能、肺容积、最大吸气压(MIP)、呼气气流受限(EFL)、症状限制递增功率心肺运动试验和恒定功率心肺运动试验.运动试验过程中同步进行Borg呼吸困难评分和下肢疲劳程度评分(BS).结果 训练后,康复组患者峰运动功率(WRpeak)显著提高(P<0.05);常规肺通气功能、弥散功能、肺容积指标无显著改善;5分法EFL评分无显著改善(P>0.05);最大吸气压显著增加(P<0.01);运动训练后等时间点Borg呼吸困难评分和下肢疲劳程度评分较前显著下降(P<0.01);△MIP(r=0.535,P<0.05)、△Borg(r=0.512,P<0.05)、△Bs(r=0.497,P<0.05)分别与△WRpeak呈显著正相关关系.结论 下肢踏车运动训练可能通过增加吸气肌肉力量,减轻COPD患者在运动过程中呼吸困难和下肢疲劳的主观感觉,改善运动耐力.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the relationship between improved exercise endurance and inspiratory muscle strength,dyspnea and lower limb fatigue in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)patients. Methods Twelve moderate-to-severe COPD patients were given lower limb exercise training for 12 weeks.Routine tests of pulmonary ventilation function,diffusion function,lung volume,maximal inspiratory pressure(MIP),expiratory flow limitation(EFL),cycle ergometer exercise capacity and constant work rate capacity were administered before and after the training program.Borg's scale(BS)was used to assess dyspnea and lower limb fatigue was measured during the exercise tests.Results After training,the average peak work rate(W Rpeak)and average MIP both had increased significantly,but no significant change was observed in routine pulmonary ventilation function,diffusion function or lung volume.The 5-point EFL score showed no significant change.hut Borg's scale dyspnea scores and lower limb fatigue decreased significantly.The changes in W Rpeak were positively correlated with the MIP changes,Borg scale scores and changes in Borg scores.All of these relationships were statistically significant. Conclusion The improved exercise endurance of moderate-to-severe COPD patients after lower limb exercise training is due to increased inspiratory muscle strength and decreases in the sensation of dyspnea and lower limb fatigue.     

重心轨迹运动平衡训练和测试的实现及初步观察

目的 研究主动控制重心对平衡训练及平衡评估的影响.方法 设计重心轨迹运动平衡训练及评估系统,将受试者分别采用静态平衡和重心波浪轨迹运动两种方式进行测试评估.平衡训练的方法是将偏瘫患者在静态平衡和重心波浪轨迹运动两种方式进行训练.结果 2组受试者在静态平衡下,良好重心控制百分比结果相同,在重心轨迹运动站立平衡方式下,受试一组的良好重心控制百分比值均高于受试二组;偏瘫患者训练结果为波浪轨迹训练比静态平衡训练时的偏瘫侧下肢平均用力大,而且偏瘫侧下肢平均用力随着波浪轨迹幅度增大而增大.结论 运用波浪方式训练,能有效加强患者的偏瘫侧训练,提高平衡调节能力;运用波浪方式评估,能克服目前静态平衡时无法对患者主动控制重心训练评估的缺点,客观反映出处于同一静态平衡级别受试者主动控制重心和调节下肢的能力.

Abstract：

Objective To study the impact of active control of the trajectory of the center of gravity on the effectiveness of balance training and balance assessment. Methods Two groups of subjects ( group 1 30-45 years old, group 2 45-60 years old ) were evaluated and trained using both active center of gravity trajectory control and static balance methods. Results The percentages of success in controlling the center of gravity were the same when both groups were trained using static balance. Group 1's success percentage was higher than that of group 2 after active center of gravity trajectory training. Their affected lower limbs performed better in wave trace training than after static balance training, and performance improved with increased wave trace amplitude. Conclusions Wave tracing can stimulate the lower limbs of patients with active control force and improve their balance. The wave assessment is superior to static assessment, as it can objectively reflect ability in active center of gravity control and adjust the lower limbs of subjects whose static balance ability is at the same level.     

步行运动训练对慢性充血性心衰患者左室结构和血浆B型脑利钠肽水平的影响

目的 观察步行运动训练对慢性充血性心衰(CHF)患者左心室结构和血浆B型脑利钠肽(BNP)水平的影响,探寻运动训练的意义.方法 将223例心功能分级Ⅱ～Ⅲ级的CHF患者分为处方康复组、非处方康复组和对照组,均给予基础药物治疗,处方康复组和非处方康复组按不同的要求进行康复训练.入选时及6个月随访时对各组进行血压测量、6 min步行距离测量和血浆BNP水平测定,并进行心脏超声检查观察左室射血分数(LVEF)和左室舒张末期内径(LVEDd)的变化.结果 入选时,各组血压、6 min步行距离、左室功能及血浆BNP水平比较,差异均无统计学意义.6个月随访时,处方康复组再次住院例次和其中因心功能恶化再次住院比率明显低于非处方康复组和对照组(P<0.05);与运动训练前及其他2组比较,血浆BNP水平明显下降,6 min步行距离和LVEF明显提高(P<0.01),LVEDd则无明显变化.结论 步行运动训练可改善CHF患者的运动耐力,降低血浆BNP水平,且安全性好,但短期内对左室的重构尚无积极影响.

Abstract：

Objective To study the influence of walking exercise training on heart function, left heart ventricle structure and plasma brain natriuretie peptide (BNP) concentration in patients with chronic heart failure ( CHF), to explore the sense of exercise training.Methods A total of 223 CHF patients were randomly assigned to a guided rehabilitation group, a non-guided rehabilitation group and a control group.All patients were given basic medicine treatment, and the guided rehabilitation group was administered guided walking exercise training program, while the non-guided rehabilitation group was encouraged to do exercise freely but with no guidance.Blood pressure, 6 min walking distance test, plasma concentration of BNP and echocardiography were measured in all patients before and after exercise training.Results At entry to the study, there was no significant difference among the 3 groups with regard to blood pressure, 6 rain walking distance and BNP level as well as echocardiographic parameters including left ventrieular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDd).A follow-up at the 6th month after intervention, the amount of readmission patients in guided rehabilitation group were significantly less than those in non-guided rehabilitation and control groups ( P < 0.05 ).It was also revealed that the plasma concentration of BNP decreased significantly ( P < 0.01 ) ; LVEF and 6 min walking distance improved significantly ( P < 0.01 ) in the guided rehabilitation group when compared with baseline and 6-month follow-up of the non-guided rehabilitation and control groups.However, there observed no significant change with regard to LVEDd.Conclusion Walking exercise training can improve exercise endurance in CHF patients and is safety; but has no influence on left heart ventricular structure in short time.     

自我效能训练对中青年卒中患者依从性的影响

目的 探讨自我效能训练对中青年卒中患者治疗依从性的影响.方法 采用便利取样方式,选择中青年卒中患者120例,其中对照组60例,接受常规治疗和常规健康教育;实验组60例,在常规治疗和教育的同时接受4周的自我效能训练.分别在入院时和训练4周后应用一般自我效能量表、治疗依从性问卷调查表,对训练前后患者的自我效能与依从性进行评价.结果 中青年卒中患者自我效能多处于中低水平,治疗依从性普遍较差.经过4周训练后,实验组自我效能感显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).依从性评分优于对照组(P＜0.05),差别有统计意义.结论 通过自我效能训练可提升中青年卒中患者的自我效能和治疗依从性,为降低疾病发病率和复发率、提高患者的生活质量提供了一种新途径.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the influence of self-efficiency training on therapy compliance of young stroke patients.Methods According to random sampling survey,120 young stroke patients were selected,there were 60 cases in cintrol group who accepted routine therapy and routine health education,while in experimental group,60 cases accepted not only routine therapy and health education but also four-week self-effciency training.Referring to general self-effciency form and therapy compliance questionnaire to assess the effects of self-efficiency training and therapy compliance before training and after training respectively.Results The self-efficiency of young stroke patients were in the low level,meanwhile,the therapy compliance were generally poor. After four-week training,the scores of experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group in self-efficiency and therapy compliance(P＜0.01,P＜0.05,respectively).There was significant difference betwem them.Conclusions Through self-efficiency taining,the self-efficiency and therapy compliance of young stroke patients could be improved so as to open a new door reduce the incidence and the recurrence recurrence rateof disease.