从某化工企业的卫生学评价看卫生“三同时”

随着西部建设的加速，一批外来投资企业在境内兴起，因各种原因，国家法律法规要求的尘毒治理设施必须与主体工程同时设计、同时施工、同时投产使用的“三同时”原则未能有效落实。我们评价的某化工企业新建项目，是沿海转入内地的搬迁厂，设计施工过程未报卫生部门审批，竣工投产后工业卫生设施不能满足卫生学要求，职业性有害因素污染严重。1 内容与方法1．１工艺流程与职业性有害因素 该厂以生产硫脲及氯化钡为主。采用硫化钡热水浸泡生成硫氢化钡，再与盐酸反应生成硫化氢气体与氯化钡溶液，硫化氢与石灰氮反应缩合成硫脲，经结晶干燥制…     

浅谈科研课题的立项管理与立项评价指标体系的建立

在科研课题的管理过程中,科研课题的立项管理占有极其重要的位置.为有效开展课题立项、推荐工作,建立一套科研课题立项评价指标体系尤为重要.通过这一系统的应用,能够筛选出质量较高的课题.对科研管理及机构的整体科研水平均有促进作用.     

药品生产企业新药立项调研

新药立项调研工作是新药立项中的关键环节,新药的调研工作的内容繁杂众多。阐述了药品生产企业调研人员应根据确定的调研内容、调研程序、调研方法及注意事项,把握重点,过程中及时决策,提高调研准确度和调研效率,同时把立项调研工作作为一项长期工作贯穿于整个研发过程中。     

我国药物临床试验机构立项审查的现况分析

目的 研究我国药物临床试验机构立项管理的流程,分析立项审查现状,为加快药物临床试验在机构立项速度提出建议。方法 根据中国医院药物临床试验2021年年度报告,选出承接药物临床试验数量前30名的试验机构,通过医院官网、机构微信公众号检索并结合电话及实地调研等方式梳理每家机构立项管理流程,分析各机构立项要求、立项文件和立项时间。结果 其中84%的机构发布立项审查指南,但部分机构立项文件格式要求、立项审查形式和审查时间等缺少清晰明确规定,同一机构内立项审查与伦理审查的文件重复率较高。结论 建议进一步完善机构的立项审查指南,规范立项审查流程,细分立项审查和伦理审查文件,搭建联合立项审查电子化平台,减少临床试验立项审查等待时间,加快临床试验启动。     

试论制药企业新产品立项

新产品开发是企业发展的战略决策,同时也是决定自身发展最重要的环节.阐述了制药企业在选择适合自身发展的产品进行开发时,应具备精良的信息检索工具以及专业的信息人员,然后利用这些条件并结合实际情况慎重考虑国家政策、知识产权、药物临床评价、产品技术、终端市场格局和相关企业竞争策略、产品销售预测及竞争力分析等各个方面的问题,从而...     

医学文献查新要素与课题立项的关系

<正>医学文献查新就是从文献的角度出发,针对某一特定的研究课题,并以该课题的创新点为依据,利用手工检索和计算机检索等手段,对拟研究课题的新颖性、先进性进行有针对性的查证,通过对文献信息的综合分析和对比,所提供给用户的一种以客观事实为依据的信息咨询服务工作。科研追     

论制药企业新产品研发立项评估

目的:为制药企业新产品研发立项评估提供参考。方法:根据笔者长期的工作经验并结合案例分析进行归纳与总结,详细阐述新产品研发立项评估的各个方面,包括医学价值、市场价值、技术可行性、投入产出等。结果与结论:新产品研发立项评估需要全面、详细、客观、准确地对新产品的医学价值、市场价值、技术可行性、投入产出等方面进行综合评估。     

清洁生产--改善化工企业环境污染的根本途径

清洁生产思想源于 2 0世纪 80年代初期美国提出的“废物最小化”。在此后的 1 0多年时间里清洁生产的内容和应用均得到了迅猛发展 ,清洁生产现已成为环境保护的一个潮流和趋势。近年来 ,我国政府对清洁生产十分重视 ,将于“十五”期间大力推广清洁生产技术。简单地说 ,清洁生产就是用清洁的能源和原材料、清洁工艺及无污染、少污染的生产方式 ,科学而严格的管理措施 ,生产清洁的产品。原材料的综合利用 ,改革原有工艺、开发全新流程 ,实现物料的闭封循环 ,将工业废料转化成二次资源是实现清洁生产的主要途径。开封开化 (集团 )有限公司系综…     

药学信息在新药研发立项中的作用探讨

药学信息不仅是新药研发立项的依据,也是决策活动的起点和前提。本文探讨了新药研发立项所需的政策、市场、经济和技术等药学信息,并概括了这些信息的作用、分布、获取途径以及它们在新药立项调研中的运用,以期为药品研发人员的新药立项调研工作提供一些参考。     

医学科技立项情报调研工作常见问题分析及对策

情报调研是指为某项科学研究而进行的信息检索和信息利用活动。在科研立题之前，为确定课题研究方向、研究重点和研究的技术线路，首先要进行情报调研，收集、整理、分析、归纳大量文献信息，并做出可行性情报研究报告，这是确保科研项目能被立项和防止科研过程中走弯路。使科研工作获得突破的必要手段。     

护理专业培养目标应符合时代的需求

为了适应21世纪社会发展的需要,护理专业培养目标应符合时代的需求。目前我国护理水平不能适应当前形势的发展,不能满足广大老百姓的需求,导致护理质量不高,护理学科止步不前。应通过护士的分层次培养;加强学校护理教材的人文关怀教育;临床护理带教模式的转变;从学校开始就选拔优秀护理人才,来加强护理专业培养目标,使其符合时代的需求。     

皮肤洗消剂PF2009对化学毒剂的消毒作用

目的通过检测皮肤洗消剂PF2009对化学毒剂的体外消毒效率,对皮肤洗消剂PF2009的消毒效果进行评价。方法将皮肤洗消剂PF2009按比例分别同梭曼（GD）、维埃克斯（vx）、芥子气（HD）混合,采用色谱分析法或T-135法于不同作用时间检测化学毒剂的剩余量。将皮肤洗消剂PF2009及其基质分别按相同比例与GD、VX或HD相互作用．1h后利用反应混合物进行在体动物实验．染毒后6d内观察动物存活情况,进行乙酰胆碱酯酶（ACHE）活性检测．或通过观察皮肤损伤面积及组织病理学变化等指标评价皮肤洗消剂PF2009的消毒效果。结果洗消剂对VX和GD具有快速、高效的消毒效果,在洗消剂与两毒剂分别按照体积比50：1进行消毒时,相互作用10min后,其消毒效率均大于99％：洗消剂对HD也具有较好的消毒效果,混匀后静置10min,消毒率达到80％以上,静置60min,其消毒率达到94％。毒剂与洗消液有效成分的摩尔比为1：10时。混匀60rain后GD消毒产物按照GD剂量4．54、9．0mg／kg（以初始加入GD量计）腹腔注射（ip）家兔。VX消毒产物3．34mg／ks（以初始加入VX量计）ip家兔,6d之内家兔全部存活,血液AChE活性均为正常对照的90％以上．而对应的基质对照组动物全部死亡。HD与PF2009消毒产物1mg／cm。皮肤染毒组同HD基质消毒对照组相比皮肤损伤明显减轻。结论皮肤洗消剂PF2009在体外对毒剂具有很好的消毒效果。     

地市级药检所执行《实验室资质认定评审准则》应重视的几个问题

目的探讨地市级药检所执行《实验室资质认定评审准则》应重视的几个问题。方法分析地市级药检所实验室资质认定过程中,在人员培训、仪器设备、记录、文件控制、质量监督五个方面如何加强实验室管理体系建设。结果与结论通过实施实验室资质认定,基层药检所要强化软件管理。     

The importance of a central adrenergic mechanism in the cardiovascular responses to ouabain

Central administration of ouabain in the ventricular system of vagotomized dogs and cats elicited increases in blood pressure, cardiac contractile force and cardiac rate followed by ventricular arrhythmia. Spinal transection (C₂) or hexamethonium treatment abolished the central effects of ouabain. Bilateral stellate ganglionectomy prevented the tachycardia and reduced the pressor response to the lower dose (15 μg) of ouabain; bilateral adrenalectomy only reduced the pressor effect. Neither of the procedures alone was adequate to inhibit the cardiovascular responses following a higher dose (90 μg) of ouabain whereas a combination of both procedures blocked these responses completely.Tachyphylaxis to the cardiovascular effects of very high doses of intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.)-administered ouabain was shown to be of central origin. Prior depletion of brain catecholamines by Ro 4-1284 or 6-hydroxydopamine, and central adrenergic neuron blockade by bretylium prevented the centrogennic effects of ouabain. Similarly, central α- or β-adrenoceptor blockade also prevented the responses to i.c.v. ouabain. The results suggest that oubain causes the release of adrenergic mediator (noradrenaline) in the brain, probably by a depolarization of a primary neuron(s), and that the central adrenergic mechanism is responsible for the genesis of the cardiovascular effects. Both α- and β-adrenoceptors seem to be important in the central control of cardiovascular function. The most sensitive site for ouabain action was found to be the posterior hypothalamus in the vicinity of the third ventricle.     

药剂科对于医院合理使用抗菌药物的重要性

药剂科对监管医院使用抗菌药物的情况起到重要作用,本文主要对药剂科在医院合理使用抗菌药物中的重要性进行了分析。建议药剂科工作人员应当提升自我素质并积极地与医院相关部门加强联系,从而推动抗菌药物的科学化、合理化管理的进程,减少滥用抗菌药物情况的发生。     

The National Institutes of Health Chemical Countermeasures Research Program (NIH CCRP): A collaborative opportunity to develop effective and accessible chemical medical countermeasures for the American people

The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) leads the nation in preventing, preparing for, and responding to the adverse health effects of public health emergencies and disasters. In addition to biological, radiological and nuclear agents, the risk of a high consequence public health emergency due to the intentional and/or accidental release of chemical agents is a major growing concern of the US government. As such, the federal government is fully committed to address public health security threats posed by chemicals. To enhance chemical emergency preparedness and response, HHS oversees the interdepartmental research, advanced development, regulatory review and approval, procurement, and stockpiling of medical countermeasures (MCMs). Within the National Institute of Health (NIH/HHS), the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) is responsible for the fundamental research and early development of MCMs to prevent deaths and/or treat injuries during and after emergencies due to large scale chemical exposure. This commentary provides an overview of the NIAID/NIH Chemical Countermeasures Research Program (CCRP) and resources to facilitate the research, discovery, and early development of chemical MCMs. Available product development resources include research funding opportunities, expert advice from the NIH, and preclinical and efficacy service support cores to reduce opportunity costs and entry barriers for prospective developers interested in entering or accelerating the development of chemical MCMs.     

皮肤点刺试验在检测某地区常见变应原中的应用

目的探讨皮肤点刺试验（SPT）在检测深圳地区常见变应原中的临床意义。方法对1240例疑似变应性鼻炎患者进行皮肤点刺试验,测定变应原。结果 1240例疑似变应性鼻炎患者中912例（73.5%）有阳性反应,单一变应原阳性73例,2种以上变应原阳性839例。以吸入性变应原为主。912例阳性病例中屋尘螨阳性率最高,为779例（85.4%）,其次是粉尘螨744例（81.6%）。结论皮肤点刺试验（SPT）特异性高,提高检测深圳地区常见变应原准确率,为变应性鼻炎的诊断及防治提供依据。     

The latency to the onset of nicotine withdrawal: a test of the sensitization-homeostasis theory

The latency to withdrawal (LTW) is the expired time between the last cigarette and when the smoker feels the need to smoke again. The sensitization-homeostasis theory predicts that the LTW is inversely related to the frequency and duration of smoking such that more frequent cigarette consumption and a longer history of tobacco use will be associated with a shorter LTW. An anonymous cross-sectional survey of 1055 10th and 11th grade students of mixed ethnicity was conducted in two schools using self-completed questionnaires. Participants were asked “After you have smoked a cigarette, how long can you go before you feel you need to smoke again?” Of 162 current smokers, 73.5% reported a regular need to smoke and a LTW. Reported values for the LTW ranged from .05 h to “3 weeks or more.” Monthly cigarette consumption ranged from 1 to 895. The LTW correlated inversely with monthly cigarette consumption (Kendall’s tau b = − .53, P < .001) and the duration of smoking (Kendall’s tau b = − .25, P < .001) as predicted by the sensitization-homeostasis theory.     

The Needs of Crack-cocaine Users: lessons to be learnt from a study into the needs of crack-cocaine users

This article examines the findings that emerged from a study into the needs of crack-cocaine users in two inner city areas of northern England. The findings are contextualized within a review of current research around street use of crack cocaine. The authors argue that the local research indicates that current government policies militate against services being able to provide a comprehensive and flexible response to meeting the needs of crack-cocaine users, by putting an emphasis on criminalizing and medicalizing the problem. The ensuing service developments undoubtedly net some crack-cocaine users and address their unmet need, but the authors argue they fall short of addressing the underlying causes of problematic crack-cocaine use. Not only do they fall short but they also mask recognition of the underlying causes--namely the experience of multiple social deprivation.