上海地区汉族人群人类血小板抗原基因的多态性研究

目的研究上海地区汉族人群人类血小板抗原HPA-1～16系统基因多态性分布，为快速寻找更合适的血小板输注提供实验依据。方法采用PCR-SSP方法对137名上海地区汉族健康成年人进行HPA-1～16系统基因分型。结果HPA-1～6和HPA-15的基因频率分别为HPA-1a 0．9854，HPA-1b 0．0146，HPA-2a 0.9453，HPA-2b 0．0547，HPA-3a 0．5511．HPA-3b 0．4489，HPA-4a 0．9964，HPA-4b 0．0036，HPA-5a 0．9891，HPA-5 b0．0109，HPA-6a 0．9781，HPA-6b 0．0219，HPA-15a 0．5292，HPA-15b 0．4708；其余HPA系统只检测到a等位基因，其基因频率均为1．0000。经χ^2检验，符合Hardy-Weinberg遗传定律。结论HPA基因多态性分布存在明显的种族和地域性差异。HPA-1～6和HPA-15系统基因频率分布具有多态性，其中HPA-3和HPA-15系统杂合度最高，抗原分布不配合比例相对高，在临床配合性血小板输注中必须加以重视。HPA-3基因多态性分布更具有上海地区特点。     

深圳地区汉族人类血小板抗原1-6系统基因多态性分析

目的 研究人类血小板抗原基因多态性,为人类学研究及临床输血实践提供依据。方法 采用PCR-SSP方法对深圳地区222名汉族随机献血者HPA1-6系统进行基因分型研究,对其基因及基因型频率进行统计,并与HPA在不同人群中的分布进行对比分析。结果 在6个HPA系统中,HPA-3基因型的杂合程度最高,HPA-3a/3a、HPA-3a/3b、HPA-3b/3b的频率分别为0.265 8,0.518 0,0.216 2;其余5个HPA系统均以a/a纯合子为主,a基因的频率范围为0.997 7～0.955 0,且均未发现b/b纯合子。1b、4b的基因频率很低,分别为0.009 O和0.002 3。结论 深圳汉族人群HPA1-6系统的基因频率与中国台湾人及中国香港人均很相似(P>0.05)。HPA-1、HPA-5与美国黑人、白人及荷兰人差异显著(P<0.05);HPA-2、HPA-3与日本人、韩国人、美国黑人、白人差异显著(P<0.05);HPA-4与日本人差异显著(P<0.05)。在未来的临床实践中要警惕HPA-2,3,5,6系统同种抗体导致的同种免疫血小板减少综合征的可能。     

广州地区无偿献血者HPA-1—6,15基因分型及频率调查

目的研究人类血小板基因多态性,为人类群体遗传学研究及临床输血实践提供重要数据和依据。方法通过PCR-SSP方法对广州地区706名无偿献血者的HPA1—6,15系统进行基因分型,并统计其频率。结果706份样本中HPA-3和-15基因型的杂合程度最高,其a/a、a/b、b/b的频率分别为HPA-3:0.2918、0.4830、0.2252;HPA-15:0.2691、0.5170、0.2139,不配合率较高,均达到35%以上。HPA-1、-2、-4、-5系统均以a/a纯合子为主,a基因的频率范围为0.9583—0.9993,且均未发现b/b纯合子。1b、4b的基因频率很低,分别为0.0028和0.0007。本地区的HPA-1a与中国北方、英国白人、美国黑人有统计学差异(P<0.05)。HPA-2与中国南方、北方、美国黑人和日本人有统计学差异(P<0.05);HPA-5与英国白人和美国黑人存在统计学差异(P<0.05)。HPA-6频率分别为0.9575,0.0397,0.0028。结论本研究对广州地区HPA献血员的筛查可为建立HPA供者库和对探讨由HPA引起的免疫性疾病的预防和治疗提供相关数据和研究手段。     

青岛地区汉族人群HPA-1—5,15多态性分布研究

目的研究青岛地区汉族人群人类血小板抗原(HPA)1-5,15抗原分布多态性。方法采用PCR-SSP方法对青岛地区918名无血缘关系固定血小板无偿捐献者进行HPA1-5及HPA-15系统的基因分型.结果各被检系统等位基因频率分别是1a=0.9940,1b=0.0060,2a=0.9319,2b=0.0681,3a=0.5822,3b=0.4178,4a=0.9897,4b=0.0104,5a=0.9804,5b=0.0196,15a=0.4913,15b=0.5087;HPA基因频率分布与国内资料比较,HPA-1与北方人群(河南),HPA-2与南方人群(四川)差异有统计学意义;与台湾人群HPA-2,-4,与日本人群HPA-2,-3,-5,与美国黑人HPA-1,-2,-5,与白人HPA-1,-4,-5,-15分别有统计学显著性差异。结论青岛地区汉族人群HPA分布具有本地人群特点。本组HPA数据分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律,可以作为北方汉族人群HPA基因分布频率数据库和青岛本地化血小板供者HPA资料库。     

Platelet alloantigens HPA-1, -2, -3, -5 and -6b in Finns

SUMMARY. The human platelet alloantigens HPA-1, -2, -3, -5 and -6b in the Finnish population were determined using allele specific restriction analysis (PCR-ASRA) for HPA-1, -2, -3 and -5 and monoclonal antibody immobilized platelet antigen (MAIPA) assay for HPA-1, -3a, -5b and -6b. No discrepancies were observed between the results obtained with the PCR-method and those obtained serologically. The gene frequencies obtained from 200 unrelated Finns were 0.86 and 0.14 for HPA-1a and -1b, 0.91 and 0.09 for HPA-2a and -2b, 0.59 and 0.41 for HPA.3a and -3b and 0.95 and 0.05 for HPA-5a and -5b. The frequency of the HPA-5b allele (10%) is lower in Finns than in Central- or South-European populations (20–30%). The HPA-1, -2 and -3 frequencies did not deviate from those observed in other European populations. The rare HPA-6b antigen was observed in three of 127 individuals from south-eastern Finland (2.4%), which suggests that the frequency of this allele in Finland is higher than previously thought.     

Gene frequencies of eight human platelet-specific antigens in Koreans

Human platelet-specific antigens (HPAs) are found on platelet membrane glycoproteins and are the target of platelet alloantibodies that mediate platelet destruction in neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT), post-transfusion purpura (PTP) and refractoriness to platelet transfusion therapy. The biallelic polymorphism of all HPA systems is known to be due to a substitution of a single base pair. This study was performed to investigate the frequency of the HPA genes in Koreans, based on these substitutions. The genotypes of eight HPA systems were determined by polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primers (PCR–SSP) for HPA-1, -2, -4, -5, and -8 and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for HPA-3, -6, and -7. The gene frequencies obtained from 200 unrelated Koreans were 0.99 and 0.01 for HPA-1a and -1b, 0.92 and 0.08 for HPA-2a and -2b, 0.55 and 0.45 for HPA-3a and -3b, 0.99 and 0.01 for HPA-4a and -4b, 0.98 and 0.02 for HPA-5a and -5b, and 0.98 and 0.02 for HPA-6a and -6b. All the individuals tested were homozygotes for HPA-7a and HPA-8a. It has been reported that the HPA-1b antigen is extremely rare (less than 0.3%) in Oriental populations, but this study suggests that the frequency of this antigen in Koreans (2.0%) is higher than in Japanese and Chinese populations.     

2458名中国汉族人类HPA-1～6、15基因多态性的研究

目的分析中国汉族人群HPA-1～6、15系统的基因多态性,研究中国南、北方汉族人群HPA-1～6、15的基因分布。方法采用Luminex结合序列特异性寡核苷酸探针(flow-sequence specific oligonucleotide probes,FLOW-SSO)方法对2 458名深圳巿机采血小板无偿捐献者(其中南方人群1 554人,北方人群904人)进行HPA-1～6,15系统基因分型。采用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物(PCR-sequence specific primer,PCR-SSP)方法对有疑问的标本及罕见抗原(如HPA-1b/1b、2b/2b、5b/5b等)做进一步确认。结果中国汉族人群中HPA-1～6、15基因频率分别为,HPA-1a 0.991 7,HPA-1b 0.008 3,HPA-2a 0.955 2,HPA-2b 0.044 8,HPA-3a 0.558 6,HPA-3b 0.441 4,HPA-4a0.998 0,HPA-4b 0.002 0,HPA-5a 0.986 2,HPA-5b 0.013 8,HPA-6a 0.985 6,HPA-6b 0.014 4,HPA-15a 0.545 2,HPA-15b 0.454 8。南、北方汉族人群HPA-1～6、15比较,在HPA-1和HPA-3系统(χ2=15.032 0、5.418 8,P0.05);基因频率分布差异有统计学意义。经χ2检验,符合Hardy-Weinbery遗传定律。结论中国汉族人群中HPA-3和HPA-15杂合程度最高,在中国南北方汉族人群中HPA-1和HPA-3系统基因多态性分布存在明显的地域差异。为了给免疫性血小板减少症患者提供相合血小板输注,在中国建立血小板供者资料库是必要的。     

献血者血小板1-16抗原基因遗传多态性分析及已知HPA型供者数据库的建立

本研究的目的是分析人类血小板抗原（human platelet antigen,HPA）基因多态性,根据分布频率来判断HPA抗原不配合比率以及抗体产生的机会,确定有临床意义的血小板抗原系统,并建立邯郸地区血小板基因频率数据库和供者库.采用SSP-PCR方法对邯郸地区148名随机献血者进行HPA1-16抗原32个等位基因的检测分析,并与不同人群的分布频率进行比较.结果表明：每个样本均检测到HPA-1a、2a、4a-14a、16a基因;HPA-4a、7a-14a、16a呈现单态性,未检测出相应的等位基因HPA-b;对于HPA-1、-2、-5、-6主要以a/a纯合子为多,a/a基因型频率分别是0.9595、0.8108、0.9865、0.9797,没有b/b纯合子出现.在HPA1-16中,具有最高杂合度的是HPA-15,基因型HPA15a/15a、HPA15a/15b、HPA15b/15b频率分别是0.2230、0.5270、0.2500;HPA-3在其次,基因型HPA3a/3a、HPA3a/3b、HPA3b/3b频率分别是0.3851、0.5135、0.1014.经x2检验,结果符合Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡定律.邯郸地区随机献血者HPA1-5系统基因频率与石家庄地区相似（P＞0.05）;与我国台湾人群进行HPA1-13、HPA-15的比较,HPA-1、-2、-6具有明显的不同（P＜0.05）,其它相似（P＞0.05）;与韩国人群进行HPA1-8的比较,除HPA-3具有明显不同外（P＜0.05）,其余均相似（P＞0.05）;与美国黑人进行HPA1-5的比较,HPA-1、-2、-5具有明显的差异（P＜0.05）;与英国人进行HPA1-11的比较,HPA-1、-5具有明显的不同（P＜0.05）.结论：北方地区中国人群HPA-2、-3、5、-15系统具有多态性,且HPA抗原分布不配合比率较高,这必然造成免疫暴露的机会增加,提示在临床上可能具有重要的免疫学意义.同时,在此次研究数据的基础上建立了邯郸地区血小板基因频率数据库和血小板已知型供者库.     

PCR with sequence-specific primer-based simultaneous genotyping of human platelet antigen-1 to -13w

BACKGROUND: Accurate human platelet antigen (HPA) typing is important for patients with diagnosis of alloimmune thrombocytopenic syndromes and provision of HPA-matched blood components for these patients. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Thirteen sequence-specific primers (SSPs) designed on the basis of known published polymorphisms for HPA-1 to HPA-13w, respectively, were employed for simultaneous HPA genotyping. All PCR amplifications were carried out with identical cycling conditions in 96-well plates containing primer mixtures. A total of 300 blood samples from unrelated volunteer donors in Taiwan were included in the study. RESULTS: All primers had specific amplification products. The typing results were available within 4 hours each time for up to four blood samples tested. Among the 13 HPAs, HPA-3 had the greatest heterozygosity with a gene frequency of 0.3267, 0.4967, and 0.1767 for HPA-3a/HPA-3a, HPA-3a/HPA-3b, and HPA-3b/HPA3-b, respectively. For the remaining 12 HPAs, the predominance of a/a homozygosity was noted for HPA-1, -2, -4, -5, and -6, with a frequency ranging from 0.9200 to 0.9967. The frequency of a/a homozygosity was 1.0000 for HPA-7w to -13w, except for HPA-10w, for which one case was observed to be HPA-10aw/HPA-10bw heterozygous. Excluding HPA-3, b/b homozygosity was noted in only one case (HPA-6b/HPA-6b). The prevalence rates of HPA-1 to -13w in this study were consistent with previous reports using different methods. CONCLUSION: An extended, streamlined PCR-SSP protocol for simultaneous genotyping of HPA-1 to HPA-13w was established. This allows fast and reliable diagnosis of alloimmune thrombocytopenia, and is readily applicable to large-scale genetic population studies.     

海南黎族人血小板1—17抗原基因与随机输血不配合率研究

目的调查海南岛黎族人群血小板抗原(HPA)-1—17等位基因多态性及其特点,评估其在随机输血中血小板输注无效的风险。方法采用PCR-SSP方法对海南岛180名黎族人群做HPA-1—17基因分型检测>计算各系统对偶抗原不配合率。结果在海南黎族人群的HPA-1—17系统中,呈多态性分布的等位基因及其频率为HPA-2a(0.9972)、2b(0.0028),HPA-3a(0.4889)、3b(0.5111),HPA-5a(0.9667)、5b(0.0333),HPA-6a(0.9972)、6b(0.0028),HPA-15a(0.4250)、15b(0.5750);其余HPA-1、4、7—14、16、17等位基因均呈单线性分布。在HPA-3、15等位基因中出现bb纯合子基因型,频率分别为0.2834和0.3667;其余系统均未见bb纯合子基因型。随机输血中,海南岛黎族人群HPA不配合的发生率依次为:HPA-3(37.49%)、-15(36.93%)和-5(6.23%)。结论揭示了海南岛黎族人HPA-1—17基因型和等位基因频率的分布及特点;立足人群的随机血小板输注,只需检测供、受者HPA-2,-3、-5和-15基因相合,就可基本达到血小板匹配性输注。     

Platelet-specific alloantigens and antibodies in Tunisian women after three or more pregnancies

Pregnancy may allow alloimmunization against human platelet antigens (HPA), which can lead to neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT). The specificities of alloantibodies are closely related to the distribution of the HPA systems. A total of 281 Tunisian multiparous women (mean number of pregnancies: 4.5) were phenotyped for the HPA-1, -3 and -5 systems, by monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA). We searched for antibodies against HPA-1a, HPA-3a, HPA-5b and HPA-5a in HPA-1b1b, HPA-3b3b, HPA-5a5a and HPA-5b5b individuals, respectively. The gene frequencies were: 0·83 for HPA-1a, 0·17 for HPA-1b, 0·78 for HPA-3a, 0·22 for HPA-3b, 0·82 for HPA-5a and 0·18 for HPA-5b. Anti-HPA-5b antibodies were present in eight sera and anti-HPA-3a antibodies were present in one serum. The anti-HPA-5b system is the most frequently involved in platelet alloimmunization in Tunisian multiparous women. However, prospective trials are required to confirm this result and to determine the exact frequencies and clinical relevance of platelet alloantibodies in pregnant Tunisian women.     

中国汉族人群HPA分型单采血小板供者库的建立模式与库容

本研究探讨建立中国汉族人群HPA分型单采血小板供者库的模式和合适的库容水平。研究方法为合并分析公开发表的中国16个省份的汉族血小板献血者人群人类血小板抗原（human platelet antigen,HPA）分布多态性群体调查数据。对HPA多态性群体调查数据进行Hardy—Weinberg平衡检验。结果表明,HPA．1、-4、石、-10未检出bb纯合子,HPA-7-9,11-14、-16未检出b基因。HPA1-16系统相互独立存在于血小板表面。中国汉族人群中发现了648种HPA组合,其中42种频率高于0．001的组合的累积频率达0．9763,频率最高（0．2012）的组合为：HPA-（7-8-9-11-12-13-14—16）aa-（1-4-5-6-10）aa-2aa-3ab-15ab。HPA对偶抗原不配合概率高于0．1的系统有HPA．15、-3和-2,对偶抗原不配合概率介于0．01—0．1的系统有HPA-1、-5和-6。中国汉族人群供受者间随机输血HPA1—16系统对偶抗原全匹配概率为0．3195。根据库容（N）随频率（F）变化的曲线,推导得到在P=95％时的回归方程LogN=-0．4394x Ln（F）＋0．4324。使用该公式椎测综合频率（HPA和AB0的频率乘积）为0．005的库容至少需要为576．07人。结论：中国汉族人群HPA分型单采血小板供者库应采用单库容600名供者的区域多中心联合建库模式,它既能解决当地主要的HPA—15、3和2系统不配合造成的血小板输注无效（platelet transfusion refractoriness,PTR）,还可以在遗传背景相近的区域有效地扩大建库规模以解决HPA低频抗原的不配合问题。在评估HpA分型血小板供者库容时不仅要考虑HPA的频率还同时要考虑ABO血型分布频率对库容的影响。     

The use of genotyping to predict the phenotypes of human platelet antigens 1 through 5 and of neutrophil antigens in Taiwan

BACKGROUND: The human platelet antigen (HPA) 1 through 5 and the human neutrophil antigen (HNA-1) systems are relevant to immune-related thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. The alloantigen distribution profiles in the population will aid in estimating the risk of alloimmunization. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Genotyping of the genes that control the expression of the HPA-1 through -5 and HNA-1 systems in Taiwanese (n = 326) and Taiwan's indigenous peoples (n = 608) was performed by PCR with the sequence-specific primer (PCR-SSP) method. RESULTS: In the HPA system, HPA-1b and HPA-4b were absent among Taiwan's indigenous tribes and detected among other Taiwanese only with frequencies of <0.2 percent and <0.5 percent, respectively. The GP1BA*2 (HPA-2b) and GP1A*2 (HPA-5b) allele frequencies range from 1 percent to 7 percent and 0.4 percent to 3.5 percent among the two ethnic groups, respectively. GP2B*1 (HPA-3a) and GP2B*2 (HPA-3b) showed similar allele frequencies. In the HNA-1 system, the FCGR3B*1 (HNA-1a) allele frequency was about twice that of FCGR3B*2 (HNA-1b) in Taiwanese and also in most of the indigenous tribes. Three FCGR3B (HNA-1) null persons were found in one indigenous tribe (Ami tribe), for an FCGR3B null frequency of 19.8 percent. However, no FCGR3B*3 (HNA-1c) allele was detected in Taiwan. CONCLUSION: The frequencies of HPA-1b, -2b, and -5b in the Taiwanese population were much lower than those among whites. In Taiwan, all of the HNA-1 null found was due to the deletion of the FCGR3B gene, and this deletion may be widely distributed in the Ami tribe.     

新疆汉族人群血小板抗原1—5、15系统基因多态性分析

目的调查研究与血小板输注无效关系密切的人类血小板抗原(human platelet antigen,HPA)1—5及15系统基因在新疆汉族人群中的遗传多态性。方法采用聚合酶链-序列特异性引物(PCR-SSP)法对101例无血缘关系的新疆汉族血样进行HPA基因分型。结果新疆汉族HPA-1a、2a、3a、4a、5a、15a基因频率分别是0.9851、0.9208、0.5446、1、0.9505、0.4653,HPA-1b、2b、3b、4b、5b、15b基因频率分别是0.0149、0.0792、0.4554、0、0.0495、0.5347,新疆汉族HPA基因频率与维吾尔族人群相比,HPA-1a、1b基因频率差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论HPA-1、2、3、5、15系统均具有多态性,HPA-3、15系统具有高度多态性。     

中国南京地区汉族人群血小板HPA-1-18遗传多态性研究

本研究旨在调查南京地区无关健康人群人类血小板抗原1-18(HPA-1-18)等位基因频率,为输血患者寻找相容性血小板提供可靠依据。使用PCR-SSP方法对300例南京地区非血缘健康志愿者血液样品进行人血小板抗原1-18(HPA-1-18)等位基因分型。结果表明,南京地区300例非血缘人群HPA等位基因频率分别为:HPA-2a 0.9183和-2b 0.0817;HPA-3a 0.6100和-3b 0.3900;HPA-5a 0.9733和-5b 0.0267;HPA-6a 0.9883和-6b 0.0117;HPA-15a 0.5250和-15b 0.4750。HPA-1a,-4a,-7a-14a和HPA-16a-18a均是纯合子。结论:HPA抗原等位基因频率存在种族和地域差异。南京地区HPA抗原等位基因频率显示具有自身特点。HPA-3和HPA-15是最常见的杂合子,因此必须关注HPA在血小板临床输血中的作用。     

Platelet alloantigen frequencies in Amazon Indians and Brazilian blood donors

The frequencies of human platelet-specific alloantigens (HPAs) vary between different ethnic groups, and genotyping using DNA techniques has been preferred over immunophenotyping methods for population studies. Using a polymerase chain reaction with allele-specific primers (PCR-ASP) method, we determined the allelic polymorphisms of five HPA systems among 174 unrelated individuals of two different Brazilian ethnic groups including Amazon Indians (n = 95) and blood donors (n = 79). Comparison of the calculated gene frequencies of the two alleles of HPA-1, -2, -3, -4 and -5 systems for Amazon Indians and Brazilian blood donors showed that gene frequencies obtained for the two alleles of HPA-1 (P<0.001), HPA-2 (P = 0.001) and HPA-5 (P<0.001) were significantly different between the two groups of individuals. All natives tested carried the HPA-2a and the HPA-5a alleles, but the HPA-1b and HPA-4b alleles are absent from the Indian population. It was also observed that all blood donors carried the HPA-1a, HPA-4a and HPA-5a alleles. In conclusion, the present data indicate differences in the frequency of the HPA systems between Amazon Indians and Brazilian subjects who present a high rate of racial admixture. While the frequencies of the HPA-1 and HPA-5 genes seen in Amazon Indians are similar to those reported for Oriental populations, the frequencies of the HPAs alleles in Brazilian blood donors are comparable to those reported for populations in North America and Europe.     

使用Taqman PCR技术建立人类血小板抗原-1～5、15分型体系

目的了解上海地区单采血小板献血人群HPA-1～5、15多态性分布,分析评估新的分型技术。方法利用TaqMan PCR技术对500份上海地区单采血小板供者标本进行HPA-1～5、15抗原系统等位基因分型,并随机抽取100份标本使用PCR-SSP技术进行比对。结果 HPA各等位基因频率分别为HPA-1a:0.999,HPA-1b:0.001,HPA-2a:0.953,HPA-2b:0.047,HPA-3a:0.582,HPA-3b:0.418,HPA-4a:0.999,HPA-4b:0.001,HPA-5a:0.988,HPA-5b:0.012,HPA-15a:0.524,HPA-15b:0.476;有1份标本HPA-5等位基因与SSP检测结果产生差异。结论上海地区HPA各等位基因频率与国内各地区人群分布无明显差异,与中国汉族人群HPA分布情况基本吻合,实验数据经验证符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡定律,实验结果准确可靠;HPA-5差异经测序验证判断可能由PCR-SSP非特异扩增所致;TaqMan技术在HPA抗原系统分型应用中特异性高,反应时间短,具有良好的应用前景,是现有技术方法的一种重要补充。     

Establishment of an HPA-1- to -16-typed platelet donor registry in China

In order to determine gene frequencies of human platelet antigen (HPA) and establish a panel of accredited HPA-1a, -2a, -4a, -5a and -6a-negative donors as well as an HPA-typed platelet donor registry, a total of 1000 Chinese donors of Han nationality (500 from north China and 500 from south China) were typed for HPA-1 through -16 using a DNA-based polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers genotyping method. The gene frequencies of HPA-1b, -2b, -3b, -4b, -5b, -6bw, -10bw and -15b were 0.0060, 0.0485, 0.4055, 0.0045, 0.0140, 0.0135, 0.0005 and 0.4680, respectively. The HPA-7bw, -8bw, -9bw, -11bw, -12bw, -13bw, -14bw and -16bw alleles were not found. The HPA-2b and -5b homozygous donors were detected at low frequencies. The HPA mismatch probabilities potentially leading to alloimmunization in random platelet transfusion vary with a region from 0.1% to 37% depending on the distribution patterns of common and less common alleles in each system. This study provides a useful HPA-typed plateletpheresis donor registry in China and could improve platelet antibody detection and HPA-matched platelet transfusion in alloimmune thrombocytopenic patients.     

Frequency of human platelet antigens among blood donors in northeastern Thailand

BACKGROUND: Platelet transfusions have been widely used in Thailand, but little is known about the phenotyping of human platelet antigens. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Whole blood was collected from 483 blood donors for preparation of platelets. An improved mixed passive hemagglutination assay was used for this study. RESULTS: Frequencies demonstrated were 100 percent for HPA-1a (PlA1), 15.94 percent for HPA- 2b (Siba), 60.25 percent for HPA-3a (Baka), 98.76 percent for HPA-4a (Yukb), 1.86 percent for HPA-4b (Yuka), 5.38 percent for HPA-5b (Br(a)), and 97.72 percent for Naka. CONCLUSION: HPA-1a was found in 100 percent of Thais, which is the same frequency as in other Asian populations but somewhat different from that in whites (97.9%). Therefore, HPA-1a will not cause neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia or post-transfusion purpura in Thais. According to the frequencies of HPA-2b, HPA-3a, HPA-4a, HPA-4b, HPA-5b, and Naka antigens, they may induce neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia, posttransfusion purpura, and platelet refractoriness in Thais.     

云南汉族血小板献血者HLA-A、B和HPA基因多态性的分析

目的研究云南地区汉族血小板献血者HLA-A、B基因和HPA1-17基因多态性,建立已知型血小板献血者基因数据库。方法分别采用PCR-SSOP和PCR-SSP方法对1 000名云南地区无血缘关系的汉族血小板献血者做HLA-A、B和HPA1-17系统基因分型,计算基因型频率、基因频率,并与其他人群进行比较。结果在云南地区人群中共检出HLA-A位点14个,HLA-B位点35个。A*02(35.81%)、A*11(35.42%)和A*24(17.72%)3个等位基因为云南汉族人群HLA-A座位的主要等位基因;B*46(12.87%)、B*40(60)(10.83%)和B*15(62)(9.78%)3个等位基因为云南汉族人群HLA-B座位的主要等位基因。每个样本均检测到HPA-1a、2a、4a-14a、16a、17a基因;HPA-4a、7a-14a、16a、17a呈现单态性,未检测出相应的等位基因HPA-b;对于HPA-1、2、5、6主要以a/a纯合子居多,a/a基因型频率分别是0.989、0.960、0.990、0.980,没有b/b纯合子出现。在HPA1-17中,具有最高杂合度的是HPA-15,基因型HPA15a/15a、HPA15a/15b、HPA15b/15b频率分别是0.392、0.360、0.248;HPA-3在其次,基因型HPA3a/3a、HPA3a/3b、HPA3b/3b频率分别是0.339、0.467、0.194。经χ2检验,结果符合Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡定律。结论云南地区汉族血小板献血者HLA-A、B和HPA1-17基因频率与南方汉族接近,也呈现其自身特点。应建立本地区的血小板供者分型数据库。