鼻内窥镜下微波辅助治疗上颌窦息肉及囊肿

目的：探讨鼻内镜下利用微波热凝治疗上颌窦息肉及囊肿的疗效。方法：对67例上颌窦息肉及囊肿患者行鼻内镜下微波辅助鼻窦手术，在30°、70°鼻内窥镜引导下，利用微波辐射器可随意弯曲的特点，将微波探头经扩大的上颌窦口伸入窦内热凝窦内息肉和囊肿，彻底清除病变。需扩大上颌窦口者同时用微波行中鼻道上颌窦造口术。结果：术后随访6～12个月（平均9个月），治愈58例，好转8例，无效1例。总有效率98.5％，治愈率86.6％。结论：此法可彻底清除上颌窦内病灶，降低术后复发率，弥补了经鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术在处理上颌窦病变时的局限性。     

鼻窦传统手术的转归

目的：通过询问病史、ＣＴ扫描及鼻内窥镜检查观察上颌窦根治术后鼻窦炎复发患者的面部症状、鼻窦骨及软组织,从病理生理学角度分析探讨上颌窦根治术后局部组织病理学变化对术后转归的影响,并以此观察分析作为基础,建议合理掌握传统手术及鼻内窥镜手术适应证范围。方法：对２８７例（３８２侧）既往曾行上颌窦根治术（Ｃａｌｄｗｅｌｌ－Ｌｕｃ）后鼻息肉复发患者进行再手术前鼻窦ＣＴ扫描,并观察前期手术后患者面部感觉,上颌窦骨质增生及窦腔容积缩小程度及中鼻道或下鼻道自然口或人工开窗口情况。结果：术后出现慢性鼻窦炎症状的全部被观察患者,２７．５％出现面部症状,４３．６％出现骨质增生引起窦腔容积变小甚至消失。此外还出现上颌窦自然口或下鼻道开窗口完全瘢痕闭锁。结论：有必要重新对各种传统鼻窦手术的适应证重新定义,对手术适应证的概念进行调整修正,以达到在彻底清除病变的基础上减低并发症、控制复发率。     

鼻前庭径路鼻内窥镜上颌窦手术40例报告

目的:研究新的鼻内窥镜上颌窦手术径路.方法:采用鼻前庭径路鼻内窥镜上颌窦手术治疗鼻息肉、囊肿、慢性化脓性鼻窦炎40例、46侧病变窦腔.结果:随访6个月～2年,46侧病变治愈38侧、好转8侧,有效率100%,无手术并发症.结论:本术式可作为鼻内窥镜上颌窦手术一种新的手术进路,具有术野清晰,明视下操作方便,去除病变彻底,有利于恢复鼻窦的解剖与生理功能.     

经柯-陆氏手术进路鼻内窥镜治疗慢性鼻窦炎

鼻内窥镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎的效果令人满意,在治疗上颌窦病变也有取代传统柯—陆氏手术之势。但在处理上颌窦较严重病变（如息肉、囊肿等）时常受到视野、进路等限制,效果不尽如人意。1997年8月～2000年12月,我科对86例伴上颌窦病变采用经柯—陆氏手术进路鼻内窥镜鼻窦手术,取得了满意疗效,现报道如下。     

经鼻内窥镜手术治疗儿童慢性鼻窦炎疗效分析

目的：探讨功能性鼻窦内间手术治疗儿童慢性鼻窦炎的疗效及有关影响因素。方法：对１９９６年５月～１９９９年１月接受功能性鼻窦内窥镜手术并完成随访１年以上、有完整病历记录的儿童慢性鼻窦炎和鼻息肉患者３１例进行回顾性分析。结果：按照ＦＥＳＳ－９７海口疗效评定标准，３１例中治愈１２例（３８．７％），好转１５例（４８．４％），无效４例（１２．９％），总有效率为８７．１％，均无严重并发症发生。结论：经鼻内窥镜手     

鼻内镜下上颌窦口处理方法的探讨

目的：探讨内窥镜鼻窦手术中上颌窦自然开口处理方法与预后的关系。方法：对慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者682例采用不同途径寻找上颌窦开口并根据窦口的形态和上颌窦本身的病变情况,决定开口方式与处理方法。结果：随访6个月,发现窦口开发率为84.22%(574/682例),闭锁率为16.88%（106/682）。结论：上颌窦口的处理方法是鼻内窥镜手术重要步骤,也是影响疗效与预后的关键因素之一。     

鼻内窥镜术上颌窦自然开口的处理

目的探讨内窥镜鼻窦手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的上颌窦中鼻道开口的重要性及处理方法。方法配对研究５６例双侧鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者，比较同一患者术中扩大或不扩大上颌窦自然开口的术后情况。结果窦口的开放率在不扩大和扩大上颌窦自然开口的术侧中分别为９２．９％和８０．４％（随访６个月时）。回顾性观察５１例施ＣａｌｄｗｅｌＬｕｃ术的患者，下鼻道造口的术后开放率仅为４０．６％。分析３８张单侧鼻窦炎或鼻息肉的鼻窦ＣＴ片，测量对照侧与病变侧的上颌窦口膜样部的上下径和前后径，差异无显著性。病变侧上颌窦口周围的中鼻甲气化、增生及钩突偏曲、筛泡骨性增生等解剖结构异常的发生率明显高于对照侧（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论鼻内窥镜下处理上颌窦自然开口的关键是窦口周围的解剖异常因素。     

塑料管扩张上颌窦口在鼻内窥镜术后的应用

目的：探讨鼻内窥镜术后用塑料管扩张上颌窦口避免上颌窦口闭塞及术腔黏连的临床效果。方法：为106例、190侧慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者在鼻内窥镜术后应用塑料管扩张上颌窦口。结果：随访12个月以上,根据内窥镜鼻窦手术疗效评定标准（1997,海口）,治愈率为87．9％（167／190）,好转率为12．1％（32／190）。无1例术腔黏连及上颌窦口闭塞。结论：鼻内窥镜术后用塑料管扩张上颌窦口方法简便,效果满意,可作为常规方法应用。     

Caldwell—Luc进路联合鼻内镜治疗上颌窦病变

目的 探讨治疗上颌窦良性病变较好的手术方法。方法 采用传统的Caldwell—Luc手术进路与鼻内镜手术联合治疗39例上颌窦病变。上颌窦息肉12例，其中伴鼻腔筛窦息肉7例，出血坏死性息肉3例，上颌窦后鼻孔息肉2例；上颌窦、筛窦息肉术后复发9例；慢性上颌窦炎3倒；真菌性上颌窦炎7例；上颌窦囊肿5例；上颌蜜内翻性乳头状瘤2例；上颌窦炎性假瘤1例。结果 39例经6个月～3年的随访，治愈32例（82．1％），好转6例（15．4％）．1例炎性假瘤术后1个月复发并发眶内感染，总有效率为97．4％。结论 Caldwell—Luc手术联合鼻内镜治疗上颌窦病变。视野清楚，操作方便．既能彻底清除病变，叉保证了窦内黏膜纤毛系统功能的恢复，减少了复发率。     

鼻内窥镜下中鼻道下颌窦开窗术

内窥镜鼻窥手术中经中鼻道行上颌窦开窗术可重建上颌窦通气和引流，为符合鼻窦生理的功能性手术方法，对７５例接受内窥镜鼻窦手术的慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉患者中鼻道上颌窦开窗术９４例，下鼻道下颌窦开术６４例，开窗孔开放情况经３－１５个月随访观察，术后６个月时窗口开放者为８６．７％，闭合者为１３．３％，下鼻道下窗孔开放者为５４．７％，团合者占４５．３％，两者比较Ｐ＜０．０１差异有显著性，表明中鼻道下颌窦开窗术优于     

老年人慢性鼻窦炎的鼻内镜手术治疗

目的 探讨老年慢性鼻窦炎经鼻内镜手术的疗效。方法 回顾分析125例60岁以上老年慢性鼻窦炎患者行鼻内镜手术的临床资料。结果 术后随访0.5～1年,按照1997年海口会议疗效判定标准,Ⅰ～Ⅲ型疗效呈递减趋势,其中以Ⅱ型3期及Ⅲ型的疗效较差（P<0.05）。结论 鼻内镜鼻窦手术是治疗老年人慢性鼻窦炎的有效方法,其疗效与临床分型分期有密切关系。     

A comparative study between endoscopic middle meatal antrostomy and caldwell-luc surgery in the treatment of chronic maxillary sinusitis

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) has almost completely replaced the radical Caldwell-Luc approach. About 20?years after its origin of FESS a comparative study with Caldwell-Luc Surgery (C-L) definitely should be on cards to validate the previous results. To compare the effectiveness of endoscopic middle meatal antrostomy and Caldwell-Luc's surgery in the management of Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis. This is a prospective randomized comparative study based on the analysis of eighty patients who were diagnosed to have chronic, unilateral, maxillary sinusitis and underwent surgery, after a failed trial of conservative management. One year after surgery 44% of the C-L patients and 89% of the FESS patients reported distinct improvement of their symptoms. Both are effective in the management of chronic sinusitis. Endoscopic middle meatal antrostomy is superior to Caldwell-Luc in intraoperative and postoperative parameters.     

Results of Caldwell-Luc after failed endoscopic middle meatus antrostomy in patients with chronic sinusitis

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The Caldwell-Luc operation for treatment of medically refractory chronic maxillary sinusitis has largely been replaced by functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Despite this change, the Caldwell-Luc procedure still has well documented indications including treatment of both failed endoscopic middle meatus antrostomy and irreversible mucosal changes. The purpose of the study was to review the authors' experience and results of Caldwell-Luc procedure after failed endoscopic middle meatus antrostomy in patients clinically deemed to have irreversible mucosal changes. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of preoperative and postoperative results of patients who underwent Caldwell-Luc procedure for refractory chronic maxillary sinusitis after failed endoscopic middle meatus antrostomy. METHODS: The preoperative and postoperative clinical course of patients treated with Caldwell-Luc procedure performed by a single surgeon between 1996 and 2001 were reviewed. Only patients with a history of chronic sinusitis after failed maximal medical therapy, no prior Caldwell-Luc procedure, prior endoscopic middle meatus antrostomy, and at least 6 months of follow-up were included. Outcome measurements including documented endoscopic examinations and the need for repeat surgery, and postoperative computed tomography scan results were evaluated to assess treatment success. RESULTS: The study involved 11 men and 26 women who underwent 50 Caldwell-Luc procedures. Caldwell-Luc procedure was performed bilaterally in 13 patients. The average number of prior endoscopic middle meatus antrostomies before Caldwell-Luc procedure was 2. Of all patients, 92% responded to surgical treatment as demonstrated by an endoscopic examination or computed tomography scan revealing a disease-free maxillary sinus. Repeat Caldwell-Luc procedure was required in 8.0% (n = 3) because of continued sinusitis. Two of the three cases with repeat Caldwell-Luc procedures demonstrated clinical improvement during follow-up. Average follow-up was 23.5 months. CONCLUSION: Caldwell-Luc procedure seems to be highly effective in the management of medically refractory chronic sinusitis after failed endoscopic middle meatus antrostomy. Caldwell-Luc procedure should remain in the otolaryngologist's surgical repertoire for these selected cases.     

Functional endoscopic sinus surgery results in 69 patients

Sixty nine patients with sinonasal symptoms were subjected to diagnostic endoscopy. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery was done subsequently for chronic sinusitis in 42 patients, for ethmoidal polypi in 18 patients and for antrochoanal polypi in 9 patients. A follow up of 18 to 36 months ( mean 27 months) reveals a success rate of 84% in the overall study, 81.5% in patients with chronic sinusitis alone, 87.5% in ethmoidal polypi and 100% in patients with antrochoanal polyps.     

影响慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者内镜术后嗅觉改善的因素

目的 :探讨影响慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者内镜术后嗅觉改善的有关因素。方法 :4 4例伴有嗅觉障碍的慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者在内镜手术后半年 ,对其性别、分型分期、病变部位、过敏因素、嗅觉障碍时间、随访等因素进行logistic回归分析。 结果 :分型分期 (病变严重程度 )、过敏、随访等 3个因素对内镜术后嗅觉能否改善有显著影响 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;而性别、病变部位和嗅觉障碍时间则无明显影响 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :为了使慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者术后嗅觉功能尽可能地恢复 ,在内镜手术彻底清除病变的基础上 ,积极治疗变应性鼻炎和定期随访是十分重要的     

经鼻内镜鼻窦手术360例临床分析

目的 探讨经鼻内镜鼻窦手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎、鼻息肉的远期疗效。方法 对1996-2000年360例（663侧）完成随访的鼻内镜手术进行临床分析。术后随访6个月-2年。结果 治愈率为73.15%，其中I型治愈率为92.53%，Ⅱ型治愈率为67.92%，Ⅲ型治愈率为44.44%，3型治愈率呈递减趋势。结论 鼻内镜手术是治疗慢性鼻窦炎和鼻息肉的有效方法，手术疗效与其临床分型密切相关。术中恰当处理中鼻甲、鼻中隔偏曲及术后的综合治疗，对鼻内镜鼻窦手术远期疗效具有重要的意义。     

内窥镜鼻窦手术40例疗效观察

目的 :探讨提高鼻内窥镜手术疗效的方法。方法 :对 4 0例慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉患者行经鼻内窥镜手术。结果 :4 0例中随访半年以上者 34例 ,治愈 2 5例 (73.5 % ) ,好转 7例 (2 0 .6 % ) ,无效 2例 (5 .9% ) ,总有效率94 .1%。无严重术后并发症 ,术后出血 1例 ,中鼻甲与鼻中隔粘连 2例 (2侧 )。结论 :鼻内窥镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎鼻息肉具有良好的疗效。手术操作熟练准确 ,彻底清除病变是手术成功的重要保证。     

Combined external and endoscopic frontal sinusotomy with stent placement: a retrospective review

OBJECTIVES: To examine the long-term results of combined external and endoscopic frontal sinusotomy using frontal sinus stents and to compare our results with those reported for the endoscopic Lothrop procedure. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective review of 40 patients with chronic frontal sinusitis refractory to medical management who underwent a total of 62 combined external and endoscopic frontal sinusotomies with stent placement. All procedures were performed by the senior author at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Postoperative nasofrontal duct patency and subjective patient improvement based on the last clinical examination. RESULTS: The overall patency rate of the nasofrontal duct was 79% (95% confidence interval [CI] of +/-10%.) The overall subjective patient improvement rate was 78% (95% CI of +/-14%.). The average length of stent placement was 5 weeks. The mean patient follow-up time was 12 months. There were no surgical complications. The nasofrontal duct patency rate and patient improvement rate from our study did not differ statistically from results reported by other authors using the endoscopic Lothrop procedure. CONCLUSION: We have found endoscopic frontal sinusotomy, in conjunction with external frontal sinusotomy and placement of frontal sinus stents, to be as effective in obtaining frontal sinus patency rates and overall patient improvement rates as the endoscopic Lothrop procedure.     

在基层医院开展内窥镜鼻窦手术的体会

目的;介绍基层医院开展鼻窦内窥镜手术的体会。方法;分析７０例慢性鼻窦炎,鼻息肉行鼻内窥镜手术的疗效。结果：治愈５２例,好转１６例,无效２例;并发症４例。结论：鼻内窥镜手术治疗慢性鼻窦炎,鼻息肉疗效显著,基层医院如有条件应尽量开展;筛窦ＣＴ分型对确定麻醉方式,术式有直接指导意义;完整的围手术期综合治疗和及时的术后处理是保证疗效的重要手段。     

蝶窦外侧隐窝病变的诊断与鼻内镜治疗

目的：探讨如何正确诊断蝶窦外侧隐窝病变及经鼻内镜下翼突径路处理该区域病变的相关问题。方法：26例蝶窦外侧隐窝病变患者,术前均经高分辨率CT扫描和增强磁共振检查,在全身麻醉下行经鼻内镜下翼突径路清除蝶窦外侧隐窝病变,诊断为脑脊液鼻漏伴脑膜脑膨出者同时行颅底修补手术。结果：术后病理确诊,4例为脑脊液鼻漏伴脑膜脑膨出,均一次手术修补成功;10例为蝶窦囊肿;5例为非侵袭性真菌性鼻窦炎;7例为慢性蝶窦炎。其中9例术后合并患侧颜面部上颌神经支配区域麻木感,但未给予特殊处理,约6个月后症状逐渐缓解。术后全部患者给予定期鼻内镜复查、糖皮质激素喷鼻剂、口服标准桃金娘油等治疗。随访6～53个月,病变无复发。结论：高分辨率CT扫描同时结合增强磁共振检查对于诊断蝶窦外侧隐窝病变具有重要意义;采用鼻内镜下经翼突入路处理蝶窦外侧隐窝病变,是一种微创、简捷、安全的手术入路。