全脊椎多平面截骨矫正脊柱后凸畸形

目的总结全脊椎多平面截骨矫正脊柱后凸畸形结果。方法自1985年以来,采用全脊椎一次性截骨术矫正脊柱后凸畸形780例,其中男642例,女138例,发病时间平均11.6年,年龄15￣52岁。强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形620例;脊柱压缩骨折46例;脊柱结核12例;先天性脊柱后凸畸形59例;休门氏病43例。结果术前后凸角度50￣120,°平均68,°手术矫正30￣100,°平均58.5,°平均矫正率82%,截骨部位最多三个平面,全脊柱截骨部分最高达胸10。结论该手术优于传统手术方法。     

强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直人工全髋关节置换术的疗效分析

目的探讨强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直行人工全髋关节置换术(THA)的疗效及手术注意事项。方法回顾性分析采用THA治疗的强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直24例(34髋)。8例纤维性强直患者较容易取出股骨头,常规一次截骨锯断股骨颈;16例骨性强直髋关节取出股骨头困难,2次截骨后直接在残余股骨头上打磨。结果术后无血管、神经损伤等并发症。24例术后随访15~36个月,平均21个月。术后患者生活基本都能自理,步态恢复正常。2例存在10°左右屈曲畸形,1例术后存在较明显髋后侧疼痛,分析可能与术中髋臼成形时髋臼后壁骨折有关。X线片检查未见假体松动、下沉,1例发生髋关节前脱位,经脊柱外科医师矫正后凸畸形后改善。末次随访时所有患者髋关节屈伸、内收、外展、内旋、外旋等活动均达到140°(100°~203°),髋关节功能Harris评分平均92分。结论采用THA治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节强直可明显恢复关节功能,改善临床症状,提高生活质量。     

经椎弓根楔形截骨矫正强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形

目的研究经腰椎椎弓根楔形截骨矫正强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形的手术方法和治疗效果。方法2003年1月~2006年12月收治12例男性强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形患者,平均年龄36岁。手术采用一期后路经L3椎弓根截骨矫形,截骨节段上方和下方至少2个节段椎弓根螺钉矫正固定。测量患者术前和术后颌眉线/垂线夹角和脊柱侧位X线L2~4椎体Cobb角度。结果患者颌眉线/垂线夹角由术前平均76.3°矫正到术后平均17°,而L2~4的Cobb角度由术前平均后凸6.7°矫正到术后平均前凸48.6°。所有患者能够平视行走,矢状面平衡和步态得到明显改善。结论对于严重强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形患者,经腰椎椎弓根楔形截骨矫形是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

成人脊柱后凸畸形后路全脊椎截骨矫形手术1200例报告

[目的]总结成人脊柱后凸畸形后路全脊椎截骨矫形手术方式。[方法]通过后方入路经双侧椎弓根、椎体行楔形截骨,直到椎体前缘皮质下,并行椎弓根钉棒系统内固定。[结果]共手术矫正后凸及侧后凸畸形1 200例,其中男938例,女262例;发病时间5.6～28年,平均11.6年;年龄15～52岁,后凸畸形时间2.5～26年,平均7.3年。后凸病因:强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形720例;脊柱压缩性骨折246例;脊柱结核132例;先天性脊柱后凸畸形59例;休门氏病后凸43例。最高截骨平面T9水平,单病例最多截骨达4处,平均截骨2处,一处椎体截骨时间平均30 min,出血约100 ml,术中脊髓和神经根保护安全。[结论]成人脊柱后凸畸形后路全脊椎截骨矫形手术截骨规范充分、手术时间短、术中出血少、脊髓和神经根保护安全、截骨创面对合紧密、利于截骨创面愈合。适用于各种原因导致的脊柱后凸畸形截骨矫正手术,显著降低术中和术后并发症。     

弓型托架辅助下强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形三柱截骨手术治疗

目的　总结应用弓型脊柱手术托架辅助单节段三柱截骨结合内固定系统治疗强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形的临床手术效果及治疗经验。方法　对 36例脊柱前柱严重骨化的强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形患者 ,应用弓型脊柱手术托架辅助术中调节体位 ,经后路进行L2 或L3 的三柱截骨 ,并辅以内固定。术后随访 4～ 34个月 ,平均 16个月。结果　后凸畸形矫正 15°～ 4 4°,平均矫正 2 9.3°。患者重心前移、限制性肺通气不足、俯视等症状明显得到缓解 ,提高了生活质量 ,患者满意率达 94 .4 %。术后均未出现截瘫、大小便障碍 ;4例出现单侧、2例出现双侧下肢麻木症状 ,经药物治疗后缓解。结论　应用弓型脊柱手术托架辅助三柱截骨内固定手术治疗前柱严重骨化的强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形 ,疗效可靠、满意 ,手术安全、简便     

脊柱后路截骨及PRSS内固定系统矫正脊柱后凸畸形

目的介绍矫治强直性脊柱新型装置PRSS的优点及临床应用效果。方法强直性脊柱炎患者13例,平均年龄31岁,术前平均后凸畸形74°,行1～2个阶段Ⅴ形截骨后用PRSS矫正后凸畸形,利用X线检查测量比较术前术后随诊时畸形度进行分析。结果后凸畸形由平均后凸74°矫正至平均29°,矫正率61％,无并发症。结论脊柱后路截骨及PRSS内固定系统矫正脊柱后凸畸形效果安全可靠。     

经椎弓根双节段闭合型楔形截骨治疗重度强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形9例随访观察

[目的]回顾性分析经椎弓根双节段闭合型楔形截骨治疗强直性脊柱炎所致重度后凸畸形的临床疗效.[方法] 2006年3月～2010年6月,对9例强直性脊柱炎所致重度后凸畸形患者,采用后路经椎弓根双节段(T12、L3)闭合型楔形截骨术.通过术前、术后及随访时矢状面X线片,测量腰椎前凸角、胸椎后凸角,全脊柱最大后凸Cobb角,C7铅垂线与S1后上角距离,术前、术后大体像颌眉角的大小,术前及末次随访患者ODI评分,评价患者畸形矫形效果及生活质量.[结果]9例患者均获随访,随访时间平均3年7个月.术中2例出现硬脊膜破裂,术后4例出现麻痹性肠梗阻,腰椎前凸角、胸椎后凸角、脊柱最大后凸Cobb角术前分别平均为(0.2±4.8)°、(78.4±3.2)°、(86.8±3.2)°.术后分别平均为(33.7±3.0)°、(42.7±3.4)°、(34.44±2.8)°.两处截骨共获得平均(67.9±5.5)°矫形;C7铅线与S1后上角距离术前平均(27.3±4.4)cm,术后平均(3.4±0.7)cm;颌眉角由术前平均(58.8±6.4)°降至术后平均(1.3±3.5)°.患者恢复矢状面平衡,能够平视行走.末次随访ODI评分较术前降低,生活质量明显改善.[结论]随访结果显示经后路椎弓根双节段(T12、L3)闭合型楔形截骨术治疗强直性脊柱炎致严重脊柱后凸畸形是安全的,且可获得良好的矫形效果和生活质量.     

全脊椎截骨矫正脊柱后凸畸形并发脊椎滑脱6例报告

全脊椎截骨矫正脊柱后凸畸形并发脊椎滑脱６例报告王东卯，姜洪和，王长纯，高吉昌，张承敏，商广友脊椎截骨矫正脊柱后凸畸形并发脊椎滑脱文献报道较少见，因其容易压迫脊髓致瘫，故是一种危险的并发症。我科１９８５年５月～１９９３年５月应用全脊椎楔形截骨矫正各类脊...     

脊柱后路截骨内固定治疗强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形

[目的]探讨脊柱后路“V”型截骨加板-棍系统（PRSS）内固定治疗内固定治疗强直性脊柱炎后凸的方法和疗效。[方法]强直性脊柱炎后凸44例，行后路“V”型截骨1～2节段，并用PRSS装置内固定。[结果]脊柱Cobb’s角从平均74^o矫正到30^o，平均矫正44^o，平均身高增加5．5cm.经15～66个月（平均36个月）随访，截骨处骨性融合，矫正度数无丢失。[结论]后路“V”型截骨和PRSS装置内固定是治疗强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形的有效方法。     

后路经椎弓根闭合性楔形截骨治疗强直性脊柱炎所致脊柱后凸畸形

[目的]探讨后路经椎弓根闭合性楔形截骨治疗强直性脊柱炎所致脊柱后凸畸形的临床疗效.[方法] 2004年6 月～2009年6月,对27例强直性脊柱炎所致后凸畸形患者,行后路经椎弓根闭合性楔形截骨术.通过术前、术后及随访时矢状面X线片,测量腰椎前凸角、胸椎后凸角及C7铅线与S1后上角距离,术前、术后大体像颌眉角的大小,评价患者的矫形效果.[结果] 27例患者均获随访,随访时间2年～6年3个月,平均3年7个月.术中3例出现硬脊膜破裂,2例椎弓根螺钉拔出,术后4例出现脑积液漏,2例切口浅表感染,2例出现神经根受损症状.腰椎前凸角术前平均-4°,术后平均29°,胸椎后凸角术前平均62°,术后平均49°,C7铅线与S1后上角距离术前平均197 mm,术后平均41mm.颌眉角由术前平均49°至术后平均4°.患者矢状而平衡得到恢复,能够平视行走.[结论]采用后路经椎弓根闭合性楔形截骨术治疗强直性脊柱炎所致脊柱后凸畸形较安全,可获得良好的矫形效果.     

髋部骨密度与髋部骨折风险的相关性分析

目的探讨不同年龄，不同性别髋部骨折患者的髋部骨密度值与髋部骨折风险的相关性。方法抽取髋部骨折98例，50岁以上85例，其中男性33例，女性52例，股骨颈骨折占44例，粗隆间骨折41例。按照骨质疏松诊断标准共分为2组：T〈-2．0（骨折组），T〉-2．0（骨折组），按性别、年龄、身高、体重与骨折组按1：1配对，以T〈-2．0（非骨折组），T〉-2．0（非骨折组）分别作为对照组。结果年龄50岁以上非暴力髋部骨折患者，T〈-2．0（骨折组）和T〈-2．0（非骨折组）做对照研究，骨折组的骨密度值要低于非骨折组，对骨折风险预测有显著性差异。男性和女性之间做对照研究，有明显的统计学意义。年龄50岁以上非暴力髋部骨折患者，T〉-2．0（骨折组）和T〉-2．0（非骨折组）做对照研究，骨折组的骨密度值要低于非骨折组，对骨折风险预测有显著性差异。男性和女性之间做对照研究，有明显的统计学意义。年龄50岁以下的患者为13例，其中男性11例，女性2例，均为年轻的受暴力致伤的患者，骨密度值检测对骨折风险评估没有显著性差异。结论（1）对于非暴力髋部骨折，低BMD与髋部骨折有明显的相关性，且呈指数级相关。（2）骨折危险性的评估没有明确的BMD阈值。（3）骨折患者与非骨折患者BMD有相互重叠。（4）女性自50岁左右髋部骨折的发生率要高于男性。（5）小于50岁的较年轻患者BMD和骨折危险性的相关性不明确。     

Young adult hip disease: hip morphology and impingement

Normal hip development is vital for the normal biomechanics of the hip joint. Gross deformity is well known to lead to early-onset osteoarthritis. There is an increasing appreciation of the importance of more subtle changes in hip morphology, which can also be predisposing factors for degenerative wear of the hip. Careful examination and imaging of young adults presenting with hip pain is paramount to identifying femoroacetabular impingement early, at a stage when joint preserving techniques can be of benefit.This article will discuss the different types of hip impingement, their clinical and radiological features and the current treatment options available.     

先天性和陈旧性髋关节脱位的全髋置换术

目的 探讨先天性髋关节脱位和陈旧性髋关节脱位患者人工全髋关节置换术的适应证和髋臼假体安放位置的选择.方法 先天性髋关节脱位10例(13髋)和陈旧性髋关节脱位6例(6髋),均采用改良Gibson入路,髋臼假体安放在髋关节假臼位置,关闭切口时尽可能修复髋关节周围软组织结构.结果 16例均经1～3年随访,疗效评定参照Charnley标准,关节功能优10例(11髋),良好3例(5髋),可3例(3髋).结论 先天性髋关节脱位和陈旧性髋关节脱位人工全髋关节置换术的髋臼假体位置的选择不能一概而论,应根据移位的远近、骨质条件和重建软组织平衡的难易程度而定.     

The Oxford hip scores for primary and revision hip replacement

We have used the Oxford hip score to monitor the progress of 1908 primary and 279 revision hip replacements undertaken since the start of 1995. Our review programme began in early 1999 and has generated 3900 assessments. The mean pre-operative scores for primary and revision cases were 40.95 and 40.11, respectively. The mean annual score for primary replacement at between 12 and 84 months ranged between 20.60 and 22.57. A comparison of cross-sectional and longitudinal data showed no significant differences. All post-operative reviews showed a significant improvement (p < or = 0.0001). The 50- to 60-year-old group scored significantly better than the patients over 80 years of age up to 48 months (p < 0.01). A subgroup of 826 National Health Service (NHS) and 397 private patients, treated by the senior author (2292 Oxford assessments), had a higher (i.e. worse) mean pre-operative score for the NHS patients (p < or = 0.001). The private patients scored better than the NHS group up to 84 months (p < 0.05). Patients treated by a surgeon performing more than 100 replacements each year had a significantly better outcome up to five years than those operated on by surgeons performing fewer than 20 replacements each year. The age of the patients at the time of operation, and their pre-operative level of disability, have both been identified as affecting the long-term outcome. Awareness of the influence of these factors should assist surgeons to provide balanced advice.     

全髋关节置换术治疗髋关节发育不良并骨性关节炎

目的探讨全髋关节置换技术治疗髋关节发育不良并骨性关节炎的临床效果。方法对19例(22髋)髋关节发育不良并骨性关节炎患者进行全髋关节置换术。对手术时间、术中出血量、髋关节功能及畸形矫正情况进行分析。结果手术时间60～110(85.2±11.8)min,术中出血量300～1 200(650.3±157.7)ml。髋关节Harris评分由术前平均47.65±7.85分提高至86.54±6.30分。短缩肢体延长1.5～4.0 cm。19例均获随访,时间14～42个月,随访期内影像学显示假体位置正常;关节活动度满意。2例患者仍遗留轻度跛行。结论全髋关节置换技术治疗髋关节发育不良并骨性关节炎能显著改善髋关节功能,纠正髋关节畸形,近期疗效满意。     

Radiographic comparison of cemented and uncemented total hip arthroplasty and hip resurfacing

Introduction The technology available for replacing/resurfacing the hip is constantly evolving. The surgeon can now choose from a wide array of components to perform a cemented, hybrid, uncemented total hip arthroplasty (THA) or resurfacing arthroplasty (RSA). The aim of our study was to evaluate and compare the restoration of hip biomechanics following the insertion of three different, commonly used constructs. Methods We compared the pre and postoperative radiographs from 40 patients who underwent cemented THA, 45 patients who underwent uncemented THA and 40 who underwent RSA. The femoral offset and limb length differences were measured, with reference to the normal contralateral hip. Results Resurfacing resulted in a significant reduction in femoral offset, with accurate restoration of limb length. Both cemented and uncemented THA resulted in a significant increase in femoral offset and leg length, uncemented THA’s resulted in the greatest degree of leg lengthening. Discussion Restoration of normal hip anatomy optimises biomechanical function and reduces wear of components. The RSA group had the most accurate restoration in comparison to the two other groups. The reduced femoral offset associated with the RSA group may reduce the lever arm of the abductor muscles however this is unlikely to be clinically significant.      

Biomechanical reconstruction of the hip: comparison between modular short-stem hip arthroplasty and conventional total hip arthroplasty

Purpose

Short-stem hip arthroplasty preserves femoral bone stock which includes the femoral neck. This implies that the stem has to follow the anatomy of the femoral neck. Therefore, it has been questioned whether biomechanical reconstruction of the hip can be safely achieved with SHA.

Methods

Biomechanical reconstruction of the hip was analysed for 50 modular short-stem hip arthroplasties (SHA) and compared to 50 conventional total hip arthroplasties (THA). Biomechanical parameters were analysed on pre- and postoperative pelvic overviews and compared to those of the contralateral side.

Results

The position of the acetabular cup (vertical and horizontal hip centre of rotation) changed slightly and was comparable for both groups. Horizontal femoral offset increased more in SHA (6.2 mm) than in THA (2.0 mm). Compared to the contralateral side it was significantly greater after SHA (+3.6 mm) but almost balanced after THA (−0.2 mm). Limb length increased with both procedures (8.0 mm SHA, 9.1 mm THA), but showed a significantly greater discrepancy after SHA (3.3 mm) as compared to THA (1.3 mm). According to the different implant designs, the stem-shaft axis showed a wider varus-valgus range for SHA (6.2° varus to 8.8° valgus) than for THA (2.6° varus to 3.3° valgus).

Conclusion

Horizontal femoral offset increased more with modular SHA than with conventional THA, but was within a beneficial range. Restoration of limb length appears more difficult in SHA and has a tendency to prolong limb length, which is probably related to the higher femoral resection level. This should be taken into consideration when considering SHA for a patient as well as during implantation.     

Occult hip and pelvic fractures and accompanying muscle injuries around the hip

Method  

We investigated the incidence of occult hip and pelvic fractures and associated muscle injuries around the hip.