胃癌中幽门螺杆菌感染与胃粘膜增殖及凋亡研究

目的研究幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染的胃癌(GC)发展中增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达及细胞凋亡的关系和对胃癌预后意义。方法145例经病理证实,不同胃黏膜病变采用免疫组化检测PCNA基因表达及Warthinstarry法检测Hp感染。采用原位末端标记法(TUNEL)检测细胞凋亡。结果在浅表性胃炎(CSG)、萎缩肠化生胃炎(CAG+IM)、异型增生(DYS)、早期GC和进展期GC中,PCNA基因表达率分别为24.53%,46.28%,60.54%,57.67%和71.42%,CAG+IM、DYS、GC均显著高于CSG(P<0.05)。凋亡指数(AI)分别为(4.55±2.33)%、(6.43±5.60)%、(6.45±5.12)%、(6.55±4.80)%、(8.84±5.63)%,进展期GC显著高于CSG(P<0.05)。胃黏膜凋亡指数与PCNA表达强度有密切相关(P<0.05)。PCNA阳性表达与胃癌组织类型、浆膜浸润和淋巴结转移密切相关,而且BorrmannIV明显高于早期胃癌和BorrmannI,II(P<0.05)。PCNA阳性表达与肠型胃癌Hp感染有关。CAG+IM,DYS和GC组PCNA阳性表达中Hp感染者明显高于阴性者。Hp阳性者5年生存期显著短于Hp阴性者。结论Hp感染和PCNA表达与胃黏膜增殖和恶化有关,且与凋亡有相关性。Hp感染与胃癌预后有关。     

胃癌幽门螺杆菌感染中c-met基因表达与增殖的关系及其预后

目的 研究c-met基因蛋白及增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）在幽门螺杆菌（Hp)感染的胃黏膜病变演进中的表达及关系，探讨Hp感染对胃癌预后的意义。方法 采用免疫组织化学法检测145例经病理证实不同胃黏膜病变的c-met和PCNA基因表达，Warthin-Starry法检测Hp感染。结果 在浅表性胃炎（CSG）、萎缩肠化性胃炎、异型增生（DYS）、早期胃癌和进展期胃癌中，c-met和PCNA2种基因在萎缩肠化性胃炎、DYS、胃癌均显著高于CSG（P＜0．05）。对胃黏膜增殖程度与c-met和PCNA阳性表达强度的密切关系分析，表明两者有显著关联（P＜0．01）。c-met和PCNA阳性表达与胃癌组织类型、浆膜浸润和淋巴结转移密切相关，而且Borrmann Ⅳ明显高于早期胃癌（P＜0．05）。c-met－LI和PCNA－LI在胃癌中等级相关表达有极显著的相关性（P＜0．001）。c-met阳性表达与肠型胃癌Hp感染有关。萎缩肠化性胃炎、DYS和胃癌组c-met阳性表达中Hp感染者明显高于阴性者。Hp阳性者5年生存期显著短于Hp阴性者。结论 c-met和PCNA基因表达与胃黏膜增殖和恶化有关，c-met基因可能成为评估胃癌恶化和预后的1项新的重要指标。Hp感染和c-met表达与胃黏膜增殖和恶化有关，Hp感染与胃癌预后有关。     

c-met基因表达与胃癌增殖在幽门螺杆菌感染中的关系

目的：研究c-met基因蛋白及增增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）在幽门螺杆菌（HP）感染的胃粘膜病变演进的表达及关系。方法：对145例经病理证实的不同胃粘膜病变，采用免疫组化法检测c-met和PCNA基因表达，Warthin-starry法检测HP感染。结果：在浅表性胃炎（CSG）、萎缩肠化生胃炎（CAG＋IM）、异型增生（ATP）、早期胃癌和进展期胃癌中，CAG＋IM、ATP胃癌c-met和PCNA两种基因均显著高于CSG（P＜0．05）。胃粘膜增殖程度与c-met和PCNA阳性表达强度显著相关（P＜0．01）。c-met和PCNA阳性表达与胃癌组织类型，浆膜浸润和淋巴结转移密切相关。c-met－LI和PCNA－LI在胃癌中等相关表达及其显著的相关性（P＜0．001）。c-met阳性表达与肠型胃癌HP感染有关，CAG＋IM、ATP和GC组c-met阳性表达中HP感染者明显高于阴性者。结论：c-met和PCNA基因表达与胃粘膜增殖和恶化有关。c-met基因在HP感染时其表达升高，是其恶性的主要参考指标，HP感染和c-met表达与胃粘膜增殖和进展有关。     

幽门螺杆菌增加胃癌发生危险性的机制研究

目的观察幽门螺杆菌(Hp)及其cagA基因对细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,进而探讨Hp增加胃癌发生危险性的机制.方法研究对象为慢性浅表性胃炎(CSG,n=56)、慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG,n=20)、慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生(CAGIM,n=16)、不典型增生(DYS,n=18)、胃癌(GC,n=17)患者及正常对照组(NS,n=14)共141例.应用ki-67免疫组化技术评价胃幽门窦上皮细胞增殖,用切口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测胃上皮细胞凋亡,应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)技术检测Hp的cagA基因.结果Hp阳性患者的增殖指数(LI)和凋亡指数(AI)显著高于Hp阴性者(16.6±5对12.8±3,P<0.01和6.9±3.8对4.3±2.6,P<0.05).CSGHp阳性的LI和AI明显高于Hp阴性者(P<0.01),而其余四种胃病Hp阳性的LI或AI与Hp阴性者比较均无显著性差异.五种胃病只有CSG的AI较NS组高(P<0.01),其余四种胃病无论Hp阳性或阴性的AI与NS组比较均无显著差异(P>0.05)CagA+Hp感染者的LI明显高于CagA-Hp感染者(P<0.05),而AI则明显低于CagAHp患者(P<0.05).Hp阳性或阴性CSG,NS组的AI与LI呈正相关,GC患者的AI与LI呈负相关.LI和AI与胃粘膜炎症程度无明显关系.结论Hp诱导胃粘膜上皮细胞过度增殖和凋亡主要发生在Hp感染的早期.CagA+Hp与CagAHp促增殖和凋亡作用的能力明显不同.Hp感染通过引起增殖和凋亡比例的失调,最终促进肿瘤发生.     

幽门螺杆菌感染对胃粘膜增殖活性的影响

目的观察幽门螺杆菌（Hp）感染与胃粘膜增殖活性的关系．方法慢性胃炎活检标本68例，用W－S银染法、0．25％复红法和HpDNAPCR技术检测Hp，用免疫组化法观察增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA），C-erb-B2和p53基因的表达，按标准化方案对核仁组成区嗜银蛋白（AgNOR）颗粒计数．结果Hp阳性组（30例）和阴性组（38例）中InyNAⅠ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ，Ⅳ级分别为5，7，4，14例和27，11，0，0例，AgNOR计数分别为3．44±1.20个和1．08±0．08个，差异有显著性（P＜0．05）．Hp阳性组中有4例C-erb-B2在新生腺体和不全肠化柱状细胞中局部阳性，Hp阴性组中未见阳性表达结论Hp感染时胃粘膜增殖活性增强，这可能是胃癌发生的高危因素之一．     

幽门螺杆菌阳性胃癌前病变上皮增殖状态及癌基因表达的研究

目的:探讨胃癌前病变——不完全结肠型肠化(ICM)和/或中度以上异型增生(Dys)的上皮增殖状态及癌基因蛋白表达在幽门螺杆菌(Hp)阳性、阴性患者之间有无差异。方法:对243例胃粘膜病变,如慢性浅表性胃炎(CSG)、慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG),ICM和/或Dys及胃癌患者胃粘膜上皮分别用AgNOR染色及单克隆抗体免疫组织化学技术研究其增殖状态和ras P~(23)表达情况,Hp感染由CLO试验结合病理Warthin-Starry染色而确定,其中128例阳性,115例阴性。比较胃癌前病变中Hp阳性与阴性组间AgNOR数目和ras p~(-1)阳性表达率。结果:Hp阳性各胃粘膜病变AgNOR数目及ras p~(21)阳性表达率除浅表性胃炎外均显著高于阴性组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。胃癌前病变83例中Hp阳性40例,阴性43例。Hp阳性组AgNOR均数及ras p~2阳性表达率均显著高于阴性组(P<0.01或P<0.05)。同时发现Hp密度与AgNOR均数及ras p~2表达无关。结论:Hp阳性胃癌前病变具有更多恶性肿瘤的生物学行为。在此过程中,Hp可能作为促进剂激活ras基因,并促使胃粘膜上皮细胞过度增殖。胃癌的发生可能与一种特殊的Hp菌株感染有关。     

幽门螺杆菌感染对胃粘膜上皮细胞增殖的影响

目的观察幽门螺杆菌(H.Pylori)感染者,特别是vacAs1a型菌株感染者胃粘膜上皮细胞的增殖情况.方法取84例慢性浅表性胃炎(CSG)和16例十二指肠溃疡(DU)患者的胃窦粘膜标本检测H.Pylori,用溴脱氧尿苷掺入免疫组化法标记S期细胞并计算增殖标记指数(LI),用聚合酶链反应(PCR)检测vacAs1a基因.结果H.Pylori阳性患者的胃粘膜上皮细胞增殖LI为6.14%±1.21%,显著高于H.pylori阴性者(2.43%±0.61%,P＜0.001).vacAs1a阳性者的LI为8.00%±1.46%,显著高于vacAs1a阴性者(4.51%±0.86%,P＜0.05)和H.pylori阴性者(P＜0.001).H.Pylori感染、胃粘膜上皮细胞增殖LI与胃粘膜炎症程度三者高度相关,而炎症程度与vacA类型无关.结论H.pylori感染者的胃粘膜上皮细胞增殖LI明显高于H.pylori阴性者;vacAsla型H.Pylori菌株和炎症程度是胃粘膜上皮细胞增殖的独立影响因素.     

幽门螺杆菌相关胃炎中细胞因子分泌与Fas抗原的原位关系研究

目的　原位检测幽门螺杆菌 (Hp)感染时胃粘膜活检标本中肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF α)和白细胞介素 1β(IL 1β)的产生及Fas抗原的表达 ,并分析它们之间的关系。 方法　采集 13例Hp阴性受检者和 3 2例Hp阳性受检者的胃粘膜活检标本 ,通过放免法、免疫组化法观察并比较两组胃粘膜活检标本中TNF α和IL 1β的产生及Fas抗原的表达。 结果　胃粘膜活检标本中TNF α和IL 1β的分泌在Hp阳性组显著高于Hp阴性组 (P <0 .0 1) ,但与胃粘膜的病理分型无显著相关性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;Hp阳性组的胃粘膜组织切片中TNF α、IL 1β和Fas抗原表达显著高于Hp阴性组 ;Hp阳性组中TNF α和IL 1β产生与胃粘膜Fas抗原的表达呈显著正相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。 结论　通过原位检测发现Hp感染可以使局部细胞因子TNF α和IL 1β产生增加 ,造成局部的炎症微环境 ,从而上调Fas抗原表达 ,导致胃粘膜损伤     

幽门螺杆菌相关性胃病的细胞增殖和凋亡

目的 观察幽门螺杆菌（Hp)及其CagA基因对细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,进而探讨Hp增加胃癌发生危险性的机制。方法 研究对象为慢性浅表性胃炎（CSG）、慢性萎缩性胃炎（CAG）、慢性萎缩性胃炎伴肠上皮化生（CAGIM）、不典型增生（DYS）、胃癌（GC）患者127例及正常对照组（NS）14例。应用ki-67免疫组化技术评价幽门窦上皮细胞增生,用切口末端标记法（TUNEL）检测胃上皮细胞凋亡,应用聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术检测Hp的CagA基因。结果 Hp阳性患者的增殖指数（LI）和凋亡指数（AI）显著高于Hp阴性者或正常对照（P＜0．05和P＜0．01）。CSGHp阳性的LI和AI明显高于Hp阴性者（P＜0．01）,而其余四种胃病Hp阳性患者（P＜0．05）。Hp阳性或阴性CSG、NS组的AI与LI呈正相关,GC患者的AI与LI呈负相关。LI和AI与胃粘膜炎症程度无明显关系。结论 Hp诱导胃粘膜上皮细胞过度增殖和凋亡主要发生在Hp感染的早期,CagA^ Hp与CagA^－Hp促增殖和凋亡作用的能力明显不同,Hp感染通过引起增殖和凋亡比例的失调,最终促进肿瘤发生。     

幽门螺杆菌感染与老年胃癌及癌前病变PCNA、Bcl-2、p16蛋白表达的关系

目的　探讨幽门螺杆菌 ( Hp)感染老年胃癌及癌前病变患者增殖细胞核抗原 ( PCNA)、p1 6和关键性凋亡调节基因 Bcl- 2蛋白的表达。方法　免疫组化方法测定 PCNA、Bcl- 2、p1 6蛋白表达。快速尿素酶法和 HE染色检测 Hp感染。结果　从浅表性胃炎到胃癌 PCNA指数呈递增趋势 ,各组间均有显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 5)。浅表性胃炎和萎缩性胃炎组中 Hp阳性患者与 Hp阴性者的 PCNAL I相比有显著性差异 ( P<0 .0 5)。Hp阳性组肠上皮化生、异型增生组织中 Bcl- 2的阳性表达率显著高于 Hp阴性组 ( P<0 .0 5)。 p1 6在慢性胃炎中阳性表达率显著高于胃癌、肠上皮化生和异型增生 ( P<0 .0 5)。 Hp阳性萎缩性胃炎组织的 p1 6阳性表达率低于 Hp阴性组 ( P<0 .0 5)。结论　在老年胃癌发生的早期即存在 p1 6基因表达低下 ,PCNA、Bcl- 2蛋白表达增加     

Satisfaction with ambulatory care of persons with AIDS

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation of patient characteristics and site of care to the perception of ambulatory care quality by persons with AIDS (PWAs). DESIGN: Patient surveys and medical record review were used to determine PWAs’ perceptions of their ambulatory care, self-perceived health status, primary care relationships, sociodemographic characteristics, and severity of illness. SETTING: A public-hospital HIV clinic, an academic group practice, and a staff-model health maintenance organization (HMO) that together care for 20% of all Massachusetts PWAs. PATIENTS: All active patients as of February 12, 1990, and all new AIDS patients at each of the three sites during the subsequent 13 months. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN BESULTS: The primary outcome measure was a six-item scale of patient-rated quality of care (PRQC), a newly developed measure that combined patients’ ratings of their physician care, nursing care, involvement in medical decisions, and overall quality of care. Multiple logistic regression was carried out with low PRQC (lowest quart He) as the dependent variable, to identify correlates of patient perceptions of poor quality. Patients who had a primary nurse were significantly less likely to have low PRQC scores (OR=0.50, 95% CI=0.26 to 0.97). Black patients and patients who used injection drugs were significantly more likely to rate their care in the lowest quartile (OR=2.22, 95% CI=1.04 to 4.78; and OR=2.43, 95% CI=1.13 to 5.23, respectively), as were those who had lower self-perceived health status, after controlling for confounders; no association was found by site or severity. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that primary nursing may be an important determinant of how PWAs rate the quality of their ambulatory care. Furthermore, PWAs who are black or who are injection drug users are less satisfied than are others with the quality of their ambulatory AIDS care. Presented in part at the annual meeting of the Society of General Internal Medicine, April 30, 1993, Arlington, Virginia. Supported by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, grant number HS06239.     

Treatment of patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome with Bosentan

We treated prospectively 14 patients with Eisenmenger's syndrome, with a mean age of 10 years, ranging from 3 to 18 years. Treatment continued for 12 months, and demonstrated a lasting symptomatic improvement, but no improvement in terms of mean saturation of oxygen over 24 hours. Exercise capacity, as judged by peak uptake of oxygen, worsened in the six patients able to perform a treadmill test. The symptomatic benefit from dual blockage of endothelin receptors in these patients may be due to mechanisms other than selective pulmonary vasodilatation alone.     

Experience with the treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with obsidan and isoptin

Forty-five patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were examined clinically and echocardiographically. The results of their treatment with obsidan and isoptin in relation to various types of central hemodynamic disorders are presented. The data have been obtained making it possible to treat patients differentially with regard to the form of the disease. The treatment of this category of patients requires the echocardiographic monitoring of the parameters of the central hemodynamics and myocardial contractility.     

分析老年糖尿病患者应用甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖治疗的效果

目的探讨甘精胰岛素联合阿卡波糖在老年糖尿病患者中的临床疗效。方法选取该院2018年7月—2019年7月收治的113例老年糖尿病患者作为研究对象,经随机数字表法,划分A组(n=56,阿卡波糖)和B组(n=57,甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖),比较两组临床疗效、血糖指标。结果B组患者临床治疗总有效率显著高于A组;经治疗,B组患者空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)水平明显低于A组。两组之间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在老年糖尿病患者中应用甘精胰岛素+阿卡波糖,临床疗效显著,使患者的空腹血糖、餐后2 h血糖、糖化血红蛋白等指标得到了明显改善,安全性强。     

Evaluation of atrial vulnerability with transoesophageal stimulation in patients with atrioventricular junctional: Comparison with patients with ventricular pre-excitation and with normal subjects

The aim of our work was to evaluate the inducibility of atrialfibrillation in a group of patients with atrioventricular junctionalreentrant tachycardia and to compare it with that of patientswith a Kent-type ventricular pre-excitation (Wolff-Parkinson-Whitesyndrome) and a control group. One hundred and twenty-five subjects were separated into groups.Group 1 comprised 49 Wolff-Parkinson-White patients, with amean age of 26.4, range 10.66 years; group 2, 51 patients withatrioventricular junctional reentrant tachycardia inducibleby transoesophageal atrial stimulation andlor clinically documented,with a mean age of 43.4, range 16–78 years; group 3, 25control subjects with a mean age of2.64, range 13–76 years. Each subject underwent atrial transoesophageal stimulation withthe following protocol: programmed atrial stimulation with 1and 2 stimuli during atrial pacing of 100. min^–1 and 150.min^–1; atrial stimulation for 10 s at a rate of 200–300–400–500–600.min^–1 with intervals of 10 s between stimulations, fivesuccessive ‘ramp-up’ atrial stimulations for 9 swith the rate increasing from 100 to 800. min^–1 with intervalsof 10 s between stimulations. The end point was the completionof the protocol or induction of sustained atrial fibrillation(>1 min). The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Our resultsshowed that in group 1 atrial fibrillation was induced in 27149patients (55.1%); this was sustained in 13149 (26.5%) and non-sustainedin 14149 (28.5%); in group 2, atrial fibrillation was inducedin 22151 patients (43.0%); it was sustained in 7151 (13.7%)and non-sustained in 15151 (29.4%); in group 3, sustained atrialfibrillation was not induced in any subject and in only onesubject was a non-sustained atrial fibrillation (4 s) induced. The chi-square test showed that group 2 vs group 1 were non-significant,while group 2 vs group 3 and group 1 vs group 3 were significant(P<0.003 and P<0.0007, respectively). Therefore group 2 patients showed a greater atrial vulnerabilityin comparison to the control subjects and a similar vulnerabilityto group 1 patients. It is possible that the greater atrialvulnerability in the patients of group 2 was due to the doublenodal pathway.     

以肥厚性硬脑膜炎为主要表现的肉芽肿性多血管炎临床病例分析

目的探讨肉芽肿性多血管炎(GPA)继发肥厚性硬脑膜炎(HCP)的临床特点。方法回顾性分析北京协和医院2004—2018年收治的GPA继发HCP病例资料的特点。结果①GPA患者315例,19例继发HCP,占6.0%;②男性12例,女性7例;年龄19~64岁,中位年龄57岁。③神经系统表现:19例均有头痛,16例颅神经受累。受累部位:额部8例,颞部8例,颅底8例(鞍旁4例,其中海绵窦3例,眶尖2例),小脑幕6例,大脑镰2例,顶部1例,枕部1例,1例合并硬脊膜炎。④系统表现:发热10例,体质量下降8例,肺部受累4例,肾脏受累3例,16例鼻窦炎,10例中耳炎,16例局限型GPA。⑤15例ANCA抗体阳性,8例蛋白酶3(PR3)-ANCA阳性,6例髓过氧化物酶(MPO)-ANCA阳性。⑥16例行腰椎穿刺检查:脑脊液压力9例升高、5例正常、2例降低;脑脊液蛋白升高10例。⑦15例(78.9%)伯明翰系统性血管炎评分(BVAS)>15分。⑧19例均使用糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂治疗,其中12例行甲泼尼龙冲击治疗,12例鞘内注射地塞米松(或+甲氨蝶呤),19例病情均缓解。结论HCP是GPA少见且严重的表现,主要表现为颅高压和颅神经受累,多见于局限型GPA患者,常伴有全身疾病的活动,需积极治疗。