CXCL12 G801A Polymorphism and Cancer Risk: An Updated Meta-analysis

Many studies have reported the relationship between CXCL12 G801 A polymorphism and cancer risk, with conflicting results. In this study, we tried to clarify the possibility that this polymorphism may increase cancer risk by conducting an updated meta-analysis. Pub Med and EMbase were searched for case-control studies regarding the association of the gene polymorphism and cancer risk. Data were extracted and odds ratios(ORs) with 95% confidence intervals(95% CIs) were used to assess the strength of the association. Heterogeneity among articles and publication bias was also assessed. Significantly increased risk for cancer was found(A vs. G: OR=1.26, 95% CI=1.13–1.40, P<0.01; AA+AG vs. GG: OR=1.33, 95% CI=1.16–1.52, P<0.01). In subgroup analysis, statistically elevated cancer risk was found in both Asian and Caucasian populations(for Asian, AA+AG vs. GG: OR=1.74, 95% CI=1.22–2.47, P<0.01; for Caucasian, AA+AG vs. GG: OR=1.24, 95% CI=1.09–1.42, P<0.01). Our result indicated that CXCL12 G801 A polymorphism is a risk factor for cancer. To validate the finding, further large-size case-control studies are warranted.     

Manganese superoxide dismutase polymorphism and prostate cancer risk: a meta-analysis

Objective: MnSOD plays a vital role in carcinogenesis, partly in that it converts superoxide radical to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The conflicting results of studies on the role of MnSOD polymorphism (Val-9Ala) with the risk of prostate cancer encouraged us to perform a meta-analysis to examine the association. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted to examine all the eligible studies of MnSOD polymorphism and prostate cancer risk. We used odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of the association. The pooled estimates of ORs were computed using the fixed-effects model or random-effects model. Results: Ten eligible studies, including 4 608 cases and 5 861 controls, were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, individuals with Ala/Ala and Ala/Val genotypes have an increased risk of prostate cancer, compared with those carrying the Val/Val genotype (Ala/Ala vs. Val/Val: OR=1.13; 95% CI=1.02～1.25; P = 0.020, Pheterogeneity=0.370; Ala/Val vs. Val/Val: OR=1.14; 95% CI=1.04～1.25; P = 0.004, Pheterogeneity=0.940). This significant association was also found in a dominant model with -9Ala allele (Ala/Ala＋Ala/Val vs. Val/Val: OR=1.12; 95% CI: 1.03～1.22; P = 0.009, Pheterogeneity=0.64). In the subgroup by ethnicity, it was observed that significantly elevated prostate cancer risk was associated with -9Ala allele in Caucasians (Ala/Ala vs. Val/Val: OR=1.14; 95% CI=1.03～1.27; P = 0.01, Pheterogeneity=0.31; Ala/Val vs. Val/Val: OR=1.14; 95% CI=1.04～1.24; P = 0.006, Pheterogeneity=0.87) but not in African-Americans. Furthermore, this meta-analysis showed that the -9Ala allele was associated with both nonaggressive and aggressive prostate cancer risks. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis suggests that MnSOD Val-9Ala polymorphism is associated with prostate cancer risk, especially in Caucasians.     

Significant association between Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1 657de15 polymorphism and breast cancer risk

Many studies were published to evaluate the association between Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1 （NBS1） 657de15 polymorphism and breast cancer risk, but the results remained inconsistent. To derive a more precise estimation on the possible association,we performed a meta-analysis of previous published studies. Case-control studies on the association between NBS1 657de15 polymorphisms and breast cancer risk were included into this meta-analysis. We used the odds ratio （OR） with 95% confidence interval （95% CI） to assess the strength of the association. Ten studies with a total of 25,365 subjects were identified and included into this meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of those ten studies showed that there was a significant association between NBS1 657de15 polymorphisms and breast cancer risk （pooled OR = 2.66,95 % CI 1.82 - 3.90, P 〈 0.001 ）. The cumulative meta-analyses showed a trend of a more significant association between NBS1 657de15 polymorphisms and breast cancer risk as data accumulated by publication year. Thus, our meta-analysis suggests that there was a significant association between NBS1 657de15 polymorphisms and breast cancer risk, and NBS1 657de15 polymorphism results in an increased risk of breast cancer.     

C509T and T869C polymorphisms of transforming growth factor β1 and the risk of IgA nephropathy: a meta-analysis

Background IgA nephropathy （IgAN） is the most common primary glomerular disease.Transforming growth factor β1 （TGFβ1） plays an important role in pathogenesis of IgAN.Associations between the polymorphisms of TGFβ1 gene and the risk of IgAN remained inconsistent.A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between polymorphisms in the TGFβ1 gene and IgAN susceptibility.Methods Databases including Pubmed,EMBASE,ISI,et al.were searched to find relevant studies.Odds ratios （ORs）with 95％ confidence intervals （CIs） were used to evaluate the strength of associations.Results Ten studies involving 1770 cases and 1953 controls were included.Significant association between C509T polymorphism and IgAN risk was observed （OR 1.42,95％ CI 1.12-1.81,P=0.0004; I2=0％） in Caucasians by the overdominant model （CT vs.CC ＋ TT）,but no significant association was found （P=0.200） in Asians by the dominant model （CC ＋ CT vs.TT）.Significant association between T869C polymorphism and IgAN susceptibility was found （OR 1.21,95％ CI 1.02-1.44,P=0.030） in overall populations by the dominant model （TT ＋ TC vs.CC）.Subgroup analysis found T allele of T869C polymorphism was associated with IgAN susceptibility in Caucasians （P=0.030）,but not in Asians （P=0.290）.Conclusion Both heterozygotes of C509T polymorphism and T allele of T869C polymorphism in TGFβ1 were associated with the risk of IgAN in Caucasians,but not in Asians.     

CYP17 T27C polymorphism and prostate cancer risk:a meta-analysis based on 31 studies

Objective: The cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase (CYP17) plays a vital role in androgen biosynthesis. A T-to-C polymorphism in the 5' promoter region of CYP17 has been implicated as a risk factor for prostate cancer, but the results of individual studies are inconclusive or controversial. To derive a more precise estimation of the relationship, we performed an updated meta-analysis from 31 studies based on 27 publications. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted to examine all the eligible studies of CYP17 polymorphism and prostate cancer risk. We used odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of the association. Results: Overall, individuals with CC/CT genotype were not associated with prostate cancer risk (CC vs. TT: OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.86-1.24, P = 0.72, Pheterogeneity < 0.0001; CT vs. TT: OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.87-1.12, P = 0.88, Pheterogeneity = 0.0006). In the stratified analysis by ethnicity, there was a significantly increased risk of prostate cancer among individuals of African descent under the recessive model (OR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.01-2.39, P = 0.04, Pheterogeneity = 0.65). Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggested that CYP17 polymorphism might be associated with prostate cancer risk among individuals of African descent.     

Arg462Gln and Asp541Glu polymorphisms in ribonuclease L and prostate cancer risk：a meta-analysis

Objective：The association between ribonuclease L（RNASEL）gene polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk has been widely reported,but the results of these studies remained controversial and underpowered.We performed a meta-analysis of 28 studies to evaluate the association between Arg462Gln and Asp541Glu polymorphisms in the RNASEL gene and prostate cancer risk.Methods：Odds ratios（ORs）with 95%confidence intervals（CIs） were estimated to assess the association between RNASEL polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk.Results：A significantly increased prostate cancer risk was found for the Arg462Gln polymorphism in Africans（Gln/Gln vs Arg/Arg：OR=2.50,95%CI=1.28-4.87;Gln/Gln vs Gln/Arg＋Arg/Arg：OR=2.54,95%CI=1.30-4.95）,but not in Europeans and Asians.Additionally,the Asp541Glu polymorphism was associated with increased total prostate cancer risk（Glu-allele vs Asp-allele：OR=1.04,95%CI=1.01-1.07;Glu/Glu vs Asp/Asp：OR=1.22,95%CI= 1.03-1.46;Glu/Glu vs Glu/Asp＋Asp/Asp：OR=1.09,95%CI=1.02-1.16）.In the stratified analysis for the Asp541Glu polymorphism,there was a significantly increased prostate cancer risk in Africans and Europeans,and in hospital-based prostate cancer cases.Conclusion：The meta-analysis results showed evidence that RNASEL Arg462Gln and Asp541Glu polymorphisms are associated with prostate cancer risk and could be low-penetrance prostate cancer susceptibility biomarkers.     

Association of the ADIPOQ Rs2241766 and Rs266729 Polymorphisms with Metabolic Syndrome in the Chinese Population：A Meta-analysis

Objective This meta-analysis was performed to summarize the association of the ADIPOQ rs2241766 and rs266729 polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome (MS) in the Chinese population.
Methods We searched for articles in MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE, HuGE Navigator, CNKI, and Wanfang databases and calculated odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to determine the strength of associations in fixed- or random-effects models.
Results We included 21 articles in the meta-analysis: 17 reports of ADIPOQ rs2241766 with 3628 cases and 3000 controls and 8 of rs266729 with 2021 cases and 2226 controls. We found an increased risk of MS with the ADIPOQ rs2241766 polymorphism in some genetic models (allele model: OR=1.12, 95% CI:1.03-1.21; dominant model: OR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.04-1.28; homozygote model: OR=1.22, 95% CI:1.00-1.49) but no association with the ADIPOQ rs266729 polymorphism (allele model: OR=0.98, 95% CI:0.82-1.17; dominant model: OR=0.90, 95% CI: 0.79-1.02; recessive model: OR=1.09, 95% CI: 0.85-1.39;homozygote model: OR=1.03, 95% CI: 0.80-1.33).
Conclusion The results of this meta-analysis suggest an association between the ADIPOQ rs2241766 polymorphism and MS in the Chinese population. G allele of ADIPOQ rs2241766 increases the risk of MS. Better designed studies with different ethnic populations and larger sample sizes are needed for assessing the relationship between ADIPOQ rs2241766 and rs266729 polymorphisms and MS in the future.     

Association between C-reactive protein gene ＋1059 G/C polymorphism and the risk of coronary heart disease： a meta-analysis

Background C-reactive protein （CRP） gene ＋1059 G/C polymorphism has been reported to be associated with coronary heart disease （CHD） risk, but the results remain inconclusive. This meta-analysis was therefore conducted to clarify these controversies. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted to identify all case control studies on the association between CRP gene ＋1059 G/C polymorphism and CHD risk. All the related studies were further strictly selected according to the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis was performed with STATA 10.1 （StataCorp, USA）. The association was assessed by odds ratio （OR） and 95% confidence interval （C/）; both Begg＇s funnel plot and Egger＇s regression test were used to assess the publication bias. Results This meta-analysis on a total of 13 studies comprising 6316 CHD cases and 4467 controls showed no significant association between CRP gene ＋1059 G/C polymorphism and CHD risk in the overall study （for C/C＋C/G vs. G/G： OR=1.01, 95% C/=0.81-1.25, P=0.96; for C/C vs. C/G＋G/G： OR=1.17, 95% C/=0.77-1.77, P=0.47; for C/C vs. G/G： 0R=1.17, 95% C/=0.77-1.77, P=0.47; for C allele vs. G allele： 0R=1.01, 95% C/=0.81-1.24, P=-0.96）. However, in the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, the results showed significant association between CRP gene ＋1059 G/C polymorphism and CHD risk among Caucasians （for C/C vs. G/G： OR=2.54, 95% C1=1.13-5.72, P=0.02; C/C vs. C/G＋G/G： OR=2.45, 95% C1=1.09-5.51, P=-0.03）, but not among Asians and Africans （P 〉0.05）. Conclusion CRP gene ＋1059 G/C polymorphism may be associated with increased CHD risk among Caucasians and more evidences need to validate the conclusion.     

T8590C polymorphism of CYP4A11 is a risk factor for hypertension: a meta-analysis

Background T8590C polymorphism of CYP4A11 has been associated with hypertension,though with conflicting results.The aim of this study was to quantitatively summarize the evidence for CYP4A 11 T8590C polymorphism and hypertension risk.Methods Electronic search of PubMed and the Chinese Biomedicine database was conducted to select studies.Casecontrol studies containing available genotype frequencies of T8590C were chosen,and odds ratio （OR） with 95％ confidence interval （CI） was used to assess the strength of this association.Results Seven case-control studies,including 3 295 cases and 3 192 controls,were identified.The meta-analysis,stratified by ethnicity,showed that individuals with the C allele carriers （CC＋CT） had increased risk of hypertension in over all （OR=1.184,95％ CI：1.063-1.319,P=0.002） and in others （OR=1.217,95％ CI：1.045-1.419,P=0.012）.The results among Asians did not suggest an association （OR=1.152,95％ CI：0.990-1.342,P=0.068）.A symmetric funnel plot,the Egger＇s test （P=0.863）,and the Begg test （P=0.393） were all suggestive of the lack of publication bias.Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests the CYP4A11 T8590C polymorphism may be a risk factor for hypertension.Future well-designed large studies might be necessary to validate this association in different populations incorporated with environmental factors in the susceptibility of hypertension.     

PAROXYSMAL HEMOGLOBINURIA WITH A REPORT OF A CASE IN A CHINESE

Paroxysmal hemoglobinuria is an uncommon disease: Up to date there have been hardly 300 cases reported in the literature. The disease has appeared to have been relatively more common in Japan than elsewhere in this part of the world. So far, there is no record of its occurrence among the.Chinese. S. Inamori(11 and N. Ito (2) report- ed two cases from Mukden Medical College Hospital in Manchuria, but the nationality of these two patients was not mentioned.     

CHOLECYSTECTOMY THROUGH A MINI-LAPAROTOMY A PRELIMINARY REPORT

Cholecystectomy through a small subcostal incision (mini-lap cholecystectomy), has recently been introduced as an alternative to conventional cholecystectomy in an effort to reduce its attendant morbidity. A trial was conducted to assess the morbidity of cholecystectomy performed through a small subcostal incision. Eighteen consecutive patients posted for elective cholecystectomy were operated through such an incision. In 2 [11%], the incision had to be extended. The records of these patients were retrospectively compared with an equal number of consecutive cholecystectomies previously performed by the same surgeon through a conventional incision. There was no significant difference in the average operating time, incidence of wound infection or the number of post-operative complications between the conventional and the mini-laparotomy group. However, the number of doses of post operative analgesic required, the duration of post-operative ileus, hospitalisation and convalescence needed was nearly halved. Thus mini-lap cholecystectomy has much lesser morbidity and is considered to be a safe and viable alternative to conventional cholecystectomy.KEY WORDS: Cholecystectomy, Mini-laparotomy, Post-operative morbidity     

大胆假设,小心求证——培养研究生的几点体会

研究生培养应该是全方位的,通过学习,使综合素质得到提高,为将来的可持续发展打下一坚实的基础,其中能力的培养尤为重要.     

维生素A中毒1例

患儿 ,女 ,3岁 ,因“发热、头痛、呕吐伴咳嗽 2ｄ”入院 ,近 1个月来患儿全身皮肤反复出现皮疹 ,瘙痒明显 ,纳差。查体 :生命体征平稳 ,精神较差 ,全身皮肤粗糙 ,可见散在红色丘疹及新旧抓痕和血迹 ,口唇红 ,略干 ,咽部充血 ,双侧扁桃体ＩＩ度肿大 ,未见脓性分泌物 ,心、肺、腹部及神经系统检查无异常 ,拟诊“上呼吸道感染”予抗感染及对症治疗 ,患儿上呼吸道症状消失 ,而头痛、呕吐、皮肤瘙痒未见好转 ,并出现全身非凹陷性肿胀 ,以颜面、四肢为主 ,触痛明显 ,且口唇干燥、皲裂和鼻粘膜出血 ,怀疑维生素Ａ中毒。经详细追问病史 ,发现患儿自 …     

A Recurrent Ectopic Pregnancy within A Previous Caesarean Scar: A Case Report

Objective To investigate the clinical diagnosis and treatment of caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). Methods We reported here a case of recurrent ectopic pregnancy within a previous cesarean scar and reviewed the literature. Results Surgical evacuation of a CSP was a small side effect and effective treatment of CSP. Conclusion Early and accurate diagnosis, timeliness and effective treatment were extremely important in saving patients?life and retaining their fertility.