儿童血清特异性IgE水平与过敏原皮试及气道反应性之间的关系

为了探讨哮喘儿童血清特异性免疫球蛋白 (SIgE )同过敏原皮试及气道高反应性 (BHR )的关系 ,取 6 4例有症状和 6 0例无症状儿童作为研究对象 ,采用荧光酶联免疫法 (pharmaciaphadiatoptest)测定其血清中吸入性变应原SIgE ,乙酰甲胆碱激发试验测定BHR ,选择尘螨霉菌、猫毛、花粉等 8种常用过敏原做皮试。结果显示 ,SIgE的阳性率在皮试阳性的儿童中占95 6 % ,在皮试阴性的儿童中占 17 9% ;在有高气道反应性和正常气道反应性的儿童中 ,SIgE的阳性率分别为 95 6 %和2 8 8%。两者分别作卡方检验P <0 0 0 1。这说明儿童血清SIgE与过敏原皮试阳性及气道反应性有显著相关 ;吸入性变应原与儿童哮喘气道高反应性具有密切相关。SIgE检测可作为哮喘诊断的重要参考指标 ,特别是那些因各种原因不能完成气道激发试验和过敏原皮试的幼儿     

广州地区支气管哮喘患者常见吸入变应原调查分析

目的调查广州地区支气管哮喘发病相关的主要致敏变应原.方法对102例支气管哮喘缓解期患者,其中儿童48例,成人54例,用尘螨、霉菌、猫毛等12种常见吸入变应原进行皮肤点刺试验,并测定其中27例总IgE(TIgE)的水平.结果儿童组尘螨皮试阳性率最高(均为79.2%),其次是屋尘(72.9%).成年组尘螨皮试阳性率最高,粉尘螨和屋尘螨分别为59.3%、62.9%,其次为屋尘(40.7%).在动物毛发皮屑中,以狗毛为主,猫毛次之;对于所有变应原,儿童组的阳性百分率远远高于成年组;27例血清总IgE的均值为506.1KU/L,远高于正常人,其中皮试阳性者TIgE水平高于皮试阴性者(p<0.01).结论广州地区主要变应原均为尘螨,且哮喘儿童对尘螨过敏的阳性率显著高于成人.     

广州地区支气管哮喘患者常见吸入变应原调查分析

目的　调查广州地区支气管哮喘发病相关的主要致敏变应原 .方法　对 10 2例支气管哮喘缓解期患者 ,其中儿童 4 8例 ,成人 5 4例 ,用尘螨、霉菌、猫毛等 12种常见吸入变应原进行皮肤点刺试验 ,并测定其中 2 7例总IgE(TIgE)的水平 .结果　儿童组尘螨皮试阳性率最高 (均为 79.2 % ) ,其次是屋尘 (72 .9% ) .成年组尘螨皮试阳性率最高 ,粉尘螨和屋尘螨分别为 5 9.3%、6 2 .9% ,其次为屋尘 (4 0 .7% ) .在动物毛发皮屑中 ,以狗毛为主 ,猫毛次之 ;对于所有变应原 ,儿童组的阳性百分率远远高于成年组 ;2 7例血清总IgE的均值为 5 0 6 .1KU/L ,远高于正常人 ,其中皮试阳性者TIgE水平高于皮试阴性者 (p<0 .0 1) .结论　广州地区主要变应原均为尘螨 ,且哮喘儿童对尘螨过敏的阳性率显著高于成人     

螨类过敏与支气管哮喘

过敏性哮喘患者,多数对屋尘过敏,尘螨是其中重要的过敏原。本文从以下几方面进行研究:①用放射性过敏原吸附剂试验(RAST)和酶联免疫吸附剂试验(ELISA)分别观察到哮喘患者血清中存在着抗粉尘螨的特异性IgE,其阳性率分别为67.9％(RAST 81例)及71％(ELISA 100例)而正常人仅为5％(RAST 40例)及0％(ELISA 31例)。②用螨浸液从豚鼠制备了哮喘的实验动物模型。③从100例过敏性哮喘患者和40例正常人的皮试中,观察到哮喘患者螨浸液皮试的阳性率为75％,明显高于正常人的7.5％。此外,还成功地将哮喘患者的血清被动转移至正常人和猴皮肤,导致阳性反应。这些都清楚地阐明尘螨是一种很强的过敏原,螨类过敏是国内哮喘发病的一个重要病原。     

Alutard-SQ与国内螨过敏原浸液的对照分析

目的　比较Alutard -SQ与中国现有过敏原浸液 ,了解国内过敏原浸液的状况 .方法　 91例受试者 ,其中支气管哮喘或合并过敏性鼻炎 81例 ,10例正常人作对照 .实验组及对照组均行Alutard 和国内过敏原浸液皮肤点刺试验 ,测量风团及伪足的直径 ,比较两种过敏原浸液两种尘螨 (粉尘螨D .f.、屋尘螨D .p .)的差异 .结果两种尘螨过敏原浸液风团及伪足的直径有显著性差异 (p<0 .0 5 ) ,Alutard -SQ皮肤试验结果与特异性IgE水平相关性好 ,国内过敏原浸液皮肤试验与特异性IgE水平相关性差 .结论　国内过敏原浸液的质量仍需改善     

儿童哮喘变应原检测的临床意义

目的探讨变应原检测在儿童哮喘诊断及治疗的临床意义.方法采用变应原皮试液做皮肤点刺试验,部位选择前臂屈侧.变应原皮试液包括吸入性和食入性变应原.结果223例儿童哮喘变应原皮肤点刺试验阳性146例,阳性率65.5%.其中,吸入性变应原阳性125例,阳性率56.1%.食入性变应原阳性61例,阳性率27.4%.结论儿童哮喘以吸入性变应原过敏为主,其中以户尘螨、豚草花粉为最多,其次是粉尘螨.学龄期及学龄前期儿童变应原阳性率明显高于婴幼儿,且阳性率随着年龄增长而增高.变应原皮肤点刺试验可列为常规检查,作为儿童哮喘诊断及治疗的参考.     

婴幼儿和儿童哮喘过敏原IgE 检测及临床意义

目的:研究婴幼儿和儿童血清特异性Ig E过敏原检测在哮喘中的临床意义。方法:选取2011年11月至2016年12月就诊的505例单纯哮喘婴幼儿和儿童(n=385)及非过敏患儿(n=120),采用德国FOOKE全自动酶免疫分析系统对过敏原特异性Ig E抗体进行检测,分别建立不同性别、年龄的单纯性哮喘组与非过敏对照组,对过敏原与哮喘进行多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:505例婴幼儿和儿童血清Ig E过敏原检测阳性者240例(47. 5%)。婴幼儿和儿童哮喘过敏原分布单因素分析结果显示,户尘螨、霉菌类、屋尘、牛奶、猫/狗毛皮屑、混合草等与哮喘发生有相关性(P0. 05)。而多因素分析结果显示,户尘螨、霉菌类、屋尘螨是发病的危险因素(P0. 05);不同年龄组婴幼儿和儿童单因素分析结果显示,在3岁婴幼儿仅屋尘螨与哮喘发生有相关性(P0. 05),在3～14岁患儿中户尘螨、屋尘螨与哮喘发生有相关性(P0. 05),在7～14岁患儿中霉菌与哮喘发生有相关性(P0. 05);户尘螨、屋尘螨是男、女性婴幼儿和儿童哮喘发生的危险因素(P0. 05),而霉菌、腰果/花生是男性婴幼儿和儿童哮喘发生的危险因素(P0. 05)。结论:婴幼儿和儿童哮喘以户尘螨、屋尘螨、霉菌类过敏原为主,血清过敏原检测对早期评估婴幼儿和儿童哮喘的发生、发展有重要意义。     

影响粉尘螨浸液免疫活性的理化因素

尘螨是一种世界性分布的重要的过敏原,在外源性哮喘等过敏性疾病中有80%的患者对尘螨敏感。尘螨浸液的制备对尘螨过敏的诊断和脱敏治疗均有十分重要的意     

89例小儿慢性咳嗽变应原检测的临床意义

目的探讨变应原与小儿慢性咳嗽的相互关系。方法对89例慢性咳嗽患儿及30例健康儿童,选择常见的吸入性变应原10种,食入性变应原10种进行皮肤点刺试验,部位选择前臂屈侧。结果89例慢性咳嗽患儿皮肤点刺试验阳性49例,阳性率54.9%。30例健康儿童皮肤点刺试验阳性8例,阳性率26.6%。两组经统计学处理有显著差异（P〈0.01）。结论慢性咳嗽与变应原关系密切,咳嗽迁延不愈可用变应原检测作为病因辅助诊断,以便避免过敏原的刺激减轻咳嗽症状。     

Alutard—SQ与国内螨过敏原浸液的对照分析

目的 比较Ａｌｕｔａｒｄ－ＳＱ与中国现有过敏原浸液，了解国内过敏原浸液的状况。方法 ９１例受试者，其中支气管哮喘或合并过敏性鼻炎８１例，１０例正常人作对照，实验组及对照组均行Ａｌｕｔａｒｄ和国内过敏原浸液皮肤点刺试验，测量风团及伪足的直径，比较两种过敏原浸液两种尘螨（粉尘螨Ｄ．ｆ．屋尘螨Ｄ．ｐ．）的差异，结果两种尘螨过敏原浸液风团及伪足的直径有显著性差异（ｐ〈０．０５），Ａｌｕｔａｒｄ－ＳＱ皮肤试     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.