Optimal duration of percutaneous microballoon compression for treatment of trigeminal nerve injury简

Percutaneous microballoon compression of the trigeminal ganglion is a brand new operative technique for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia. However, it is unclear how the procedure mediates pain relief, and there are no standardized criteria, such as compression pressure, compression time or balloon shape, for the procedure. In this study, percutaneous microballoon compression was performed on the rabbit trigeminal ganglion at a mean inflation pressure of 1,005 ± 150 mmHg for 2 or 5 minutes. At 1, 7 and 14 days after percutaneous microballoon compression, the large-diameter myelinated nerves displayed axonal swelling, rupture and demyelination under the electron microscope. Fragmentation of myelin and formation of digestion chambers were more evident after 5 minutes of compression. Image analyzer results showed that the diameter of trigeminal ganglion cells remained unaltered after compression. These experimental findings indicate that a 2-minute period of compression can suppress pain transduction. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the ganglion cells and axons was significantly increased 7 days after trigeminal ganglion compression, however, the changes were similar after 2-minute compression and 5-minute compression. The upregulated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the ganglion cells after percutaneous microballoon compression can promote the repair of the injured nerve. These findings suggest that long-term compression is ideal for patients with recurrent trigeminal neuralgia.     

基于体素间和体素内弥散指标对首发未服药精神分裂症患者脑白质微观结构的研究

目的采用体素间弥散指标——局部弥散一致性(LDH)值及传统体素内弥散指标探究首发未服药精神分裂症(FESZ)患者脑白质微观结构的异常。方法选择郑州大学第一附属医院精神医学科自2020年1月至2021年12月收治的56例FESZ患者为研究对象, 并同期招募64名健康志愿者作为正常对照组。对所有被试进行磁共振弥散张量成像扫描, 采用FSL及PANDA软件处理得到LDH值、各向异性分数(FA)、平均弥散系数(MD)、轴向弥散系数(AD)和径向弥散系数(RD)值。通过基于纤维束示踪的空间统计(TBSS)方法分析比较2组之间脑白质纤维各个弥散指标的差异。对于组间差异有统计学意义的白质纤维束区域, 采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)评价各个弥散指标对FESZ的诊断价值, 采用Spearman偏相关分析检验各个弥散指标与阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评分的相关性。结果与正常对照组相比, FESZ组双侧丘脑前辐射部分体素簇的LDH值明显增加, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05, FWE校正)。与正常对照组相比, FESZ组右侧下纵束及右侧钩束感兴趣束(TOI)的LDH平均值明显增加, 差异有统计学...     

拉克囊肿临床探讨简

拉克囊肿（Rathke）是一种发生于鞍区Rathke囊袋残余组织的先天性非肿瘤性病变,多见于鞍内或鞍上。根据一宗大型尸体研究报告显示,在颅内鞍区小病变中,最常见的是拉克囊肿,约占22％。尽管其有较高的流行程度,但鞍区病变经鼻蝶手术切除的患者中,只有2％-9％的患者被诊断为拉克囊肿。大多数拉克囊肿无临床症状,     

鼻咽癌颅底转移特点的临床研究简

目的探讨鼻咽癌颅底侵犯和转移的发生规律、途径及其临床意义。方法回顾性分析101例经病理确诊并经MRI检查发现有颅底侵犯的鼻咽癌病人的MR／资料,对鼻咽癌颅底侵犯方式、发生率及侵犯和转移的解剖部位进行研究。结果本组发生颅底直接侵犯84例（83．2％）,颅底转移17例（16．8％）。颅底直接侵犯最易受累的部位依次为蝶窦和鞍底、海绵窦、斜坡、颈内动脉管。颅底转移多发生在颈内动脉管和颈静脉孔区域。结论鼻咽癌早期存在颅底淋巴结转移,通过鼻咽癌颅底侵犯和转移的MRI研究,提高鼻咽癌颅底侵犯影像学诊断的准确性,选择合适的靶区和放疗技术,选择恰当的手术入路,以达到提高鼻咽癌病人的生存率,改善其生存质量的目标。     

弥散张量成像参数FA值对急性颈髓损伤患者术后上肢运动功能恢复的预测价值

目的探讨弥散张量成像(DTI)参数对急性颈髓损伤(CSCI)患者术后上肢运动功能恢复的预测价值。方法选择解放军联勤保障部队第九OO医院神经外科自2019年5月至2021年7月手术后接受系统康复治疗的急性CSCI患者23例(试验组), 另外选择该院体检中心同期与试验组患者年龄、性别相匹配的健康体检者22例(健康对照组)。术前1 d和术后3个月试验组患者均行颈髓MRI常规序列、DTI扫描及美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)评分、改良Barthe指数量表(MBI)评定。健康对照组受试者在入组后行颈髓MRI常规序列及DTI扫描。比较2组受试者颈髓损伤区、损伤区远端DTI参数, 试验组患者手术前后DTI参数、上肢运动ASIA评分和MBI评分的差异。采用Pearson相关性分析检验试验组患者术前DTI参数与术前上肢运动ASIA评分、术后3个月上肢运动功能恢复率的相关性。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析试验组患者术前各向异性分数(FA)值对术后3个月上肢运动功能恢复的预测效能。结果与健康对照组比较, 试验组患者术前损伤区、损伤区远端FA值较低, 表现弥散系数(ADC)值较高, 差异均有统计学意义(P&...     

Instructions to Authors简

<正>Aims and Scopes Neural Regeneration Research(NRR;ISSN 1673-5374)is an open-access,peer-reviewed only international journal focusing exclusively on the exciting field of neural regeneration.NRR is devoted to publishing basic research,translational medicine and randomized clinical trial articles,as well as prospective reviews written by invited experts in the field of neural regeneration.NRR publishes a diverse array     

脑出血病人上肢运动功能障碍相关弥散张量成像研究简

目的探讨利用弥散张量成像（diffusion tensor imaging,DTI）技术评估与高血压脑出血病人上肢运动功能障碍相关的皮质脊髓束（corticospinaltract,CST）受损情况。方法运用DTI技术三维重建21例高血压脑出血病人病变侧CST,分析CST受损情况与病侧Brunnstrom上肢评分以及美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损评分（national institutes of health stroke scale,NIHSS）之间的关系。结果DTI所显示的CST受损程度与Bmnnstrom上肢评分呈负相关（Rs=-0．83,P〈0．001）,与NIHSS评分呈正相关（Rs：0．79,P〈0．001）。结论DTI可直观显示与脑出血病人上肢功能障碍密切相关的CST受损情况,有助于病情的客观评估。     

慢性偏头痛患者脑白质弥散张量成像ABA及TBSS分析

目的采用弥散张量成像(DTI)技术研究慢性偏头痛(CM)患者脑白质结构损伤及其与临床资料的相关性。方法选取成都中医药大学附属医院神经内科、神经外科门诊自2020年9月至2022年12月收治的CM患者60例(CM组), 自2020年10月至2022年6月向社会招募与CM患者年龄、性别相匹配的健康对照者60例(健康对照组)。2组受试者均进行全脑DTI扫描, 使用PANDA及FSL软件进行DTI数据全自动处理, 采用基于白质图谱的分析(ABA)及纤维束示踪空间统计(TBSS)分析CM患者及健康对照者全脑DTI数据的差异, 采用Pearson相关性检验分析CM患者临床特征与ABA结果的相关性。结果 ABA结果显示:与健康对照组比较, CM组患者双侧大脑脚、左侧小脑下脚、右侧小脑上脚、双侧内侧丘系、双侧毯(胼胝体内矢状层)、双侧钩束及右侧内囊后肢脑区的各向异性分数(FA)值降低, 右侧扣带回、内囊豆状核后部脑区的平均弥散率(MD)值增高, 双侧大脑脚、双侧内侧丘系、右侧扣带回脑区轴向弥散率(AD)值降低, 左侧毯(胼胝体内矢状层)、左侧小脑下脚、左侧大脑脚脑区径向弥散率(RD)值增高, 差异均有...     

脑室内中枢神经细胞瘤诊治分析简

目的探讨脑室内中枢神经细胞瘤（ICN）的诊断及手术治疗效果。方法回顾性分析我科手术治疗并经病理学确诊的9例ICN患者的临床资料。结果肿瘤全切除6例,次全切除3例。无手术死亡病例。1例术前放疗肿瘤体积明显缩小,4例术后辅助放疗。所有患者术后随访3～44月,平均18．7月;2例复发,行γ刀切除;2例并发脑积水行脑室一腹腔分流术;其余患者恢复良好,无肿瘤复发或进展。结论ICN多以慢性颅内高压症状起病,缺乏局灶性神经系统缺损症状,但大多ICN术前根据特征性影像学表现可获得诊断。手术应作为治疗的首选方法,并力争在安全前提下全切除,可获得良好预后。     

Aspartic acid in the hippocampus: a biomarker for postoperative cognitive dysfunction简

This study established an aged rat model of cognitive dysfunction using anesthesia with 2% isoflurane and 80% oxygen for 2 hours. Twenty-four hours later, Y-maze test results showed that isoflurane significantly impaired cognitive function in aged rats. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry results showed that isoflurane also significantly increased the levels of N,N-diethylacetamide, n-ethylacetamide, aspartic acid, malic acid and arabinonic acid in the hippocampus of isoflurane-treated rats. Moreover, aspartic acid, N,N-diethylacetamide, n-ethylacetamide and malic acid concentration was positively correlated with the degree of cognitive dysfunction in the isoflurane-treated rats. It is evident that hippocampal metabolite changes are involved in the formation of cognitive dysfunction after isoflurane anesthesia. To further verify these results, this study cultured hippocampal neurons in vitro, which were then treated with aspartic acid(100 μmol/L). Results suggested that aspartic acid concentration in the hippocampus may be a biomarker for predicting the occurrence and disease progress of cognitive dysfunction.     

Acupuncture/electroacupuncture enhances anti-depressant effect of Seroxat: the Symptom Checklist-90 scores简

One hundred and five patients with primary unipolar depression were randomly divided into three groups： drug group （Seroxat administration）, acupuncture group （Seroxat plus acupunc- ture）, and electroacupuncture group （Seroxat plus acupuncture plus electroacupuncture）. Patients＇ symptoms were evaluated using a psychometric questionnaire, the Symptom Check- list-90, before intervention and after 2, 4, 6 and 10 weeks of treatment. The individual factor scores and the total score from the Symptom Checldist-90 reduced in all three groups as treat- ment progressed. In the acupuncture and electroacupuncture groups, the total score and the factor scores for obsessive-compulsive symptoms, depression, and anxiety were significantly lower than those in the drug group. There was no significant difference in the factor scores or total scores between the acupuncture and electroacupuncture groups. Some factor scores in the electroacupuncture group, such as somatization, depression, hostility, and phobic anxiety, were increased at 10 weeks compared with the respective score immediately after the course of electroacupuncture at 6 weeks. Our findings indicate that administration of Seroxat alone or in combination with acupuncture/electroacupuncture can produce a significant effect in patients with primary unipolar depression. Furthermore, acupuncture/electroacupuncture has a rapid onset of therapeutic effect and produces a noticeable improvement in obsessive-compulsive, de- pressive and anxiety symptoms.     

丹酚酸B对小鼠创伤性脑损伤的保护作用简

目的通过小鼠控制性皮层撞击（CCI）模型研究丹酚酸B（SalB）对创伤性脑损伤（TBI）的保护作用。方法采用脑含水量测定、运动功能评分、水迷宫测试评价丹酚酸B对小鼠TBI的保护作用。采用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）和白介素1β（IL-1β）的表达水平,评价丹酚酸B对TBI后脑组织炎症反应的抑制作用。结果丹酚酸B显著减轻TBI后脑水肿和运动功能缺损,改善学习记忆功能,并抑制炎症因子TNF-α和IL-1β的表达。结论丹酚酸B对小鼠TBI具有保护作用,这种保护作用可能与其抗炎作用相关。     

脂肪样星形细胞瘤简

目的探讨脂肪样星形细胞瘤的临床病理学特征、免疫表型、诊断与鉴别诊断、治疗及预后。方法与结果男性患者,48岁。临床表现为左手无名指及小指麻木、活动不利。MRI显示右顶叶占位性病变,伴囊性变,实性区域明显强化。立体定向下行右顶叶肿瘤全切除术。光学显微镜观察肿瘤呈低级别星形细胞瘤形态,散在一些胞质丰富、核仁明显的神经元样细胞;以脂肪空泡形成为特征,形似成熟的脂肪细胞,呈灶状相互融合,似微囊性变。肿瘤细胞表达胶质纤维酸性蛋白、S-100蛋白、WT-1蛋白和少突胶质细胞转录因子2,以及神经元标志物突触素、微管相关蛋白．2、神经微丝蛋白、神经元特异性烯醇化酶和CD34,不表达异柠檬酸脱氢酶1,P53蛋白呈弱阳性（5％）,Ki-67抗原标记指数约为1％。术后随访20个月,肿瘤无复发。结论脂肪样星形细胞瘤为临床少见肿瘤,组织病理学呈低级别星形细胞瘤形态,伴显著脂肪样细胞分化,亦可伴神经元样分化。明确诊断需结合病理学形态及免疫表型,同时应注意与其他伴脂肪样细胞分化或黄色瘤样变的神经上皮组织肿瘤相鉴别。     

Changes in brain functional network connectivity after stroke简

Studies have shown that functional network connection models can be used to study brain net- work changes in patients with schizophrenia. In this study, we inferred that these models could also be used to explore functional network connectivity changes in stroke patients. We used independent component analysis to find the motor areas of stroke patients, which is a novel way to determine these areas. In this study, we collected functional magnetic resonance imaging datasets from healthy controls and right-handed stroke patients following their first ever stroke. Using independent component analysis, six spatially independent components highly correlat- ed to the experimental paradigm were extracted. Then, the functional network connectivity of both patients and controls was established to observe the differences between them. The results showed that there were 11 connections in the model in the stroke patients, while there were only four connections in the healthy controls. Further analysis found that some damaged connections may be compensated for by new indirect connections or circuits produced after stroke. These connections may have a direct correlation with the degree of stroke rehabilitation. Our findings suggest that functional network connectivity in stroke patients is more complex than that in hea- lthy controls, and that there is a compensation loop in the functional network following stroke. This implies that functional network reorganization plays a very important role in the process of rehabilitation after stroke.     

扩散张量成像在周围神经病变的研究进展简

扩散张量成像是fMRI的重要组成部分,是目前唯一可在体显示白质纤维束的无创性检查方法。此外,还可通过测量各向同性和各向异性等参数,对白质纤维束的完整性进行评价。目前,已有研究将扩散张量成像技术应用于周围神经系统疾病,本文拟从急性周围神经损伤、慢性周围神经损伤,以及周围神经系统炎症和肿瘤等方面对其在周围神经系统疾病的研究进展进行概述。     

脑积水的相关研究进展简

脑积水在普通人群中发病率达1％-1．5％,且随人口数量的增长而递增。作为神经外科的常见病,更应引起我们的重视,本文就脑积水的相关研究进展作一综述。     

线粒体异常与帕金森病相关性简

帕金森病为中枢神经系统退行性疾病。尽管其确切的发病机制尚不清楚,但近年来越来越多的研究表明线粒体异常是帕金森病发病的关键。本文主要从线粒体动态变化、线粒体自噬、线粒体DNA突变,以及线粒体复合物I抑制等方面对线粒体异常与帕金森病发病的相关性进行概述。     

Spinal root avulsion: an excellent model for studying motoneuron degeneration and regeneration after severe axonal injury简

<正>Spinal root avulsion is an excellent model for studying the response of motoneurons to severe injury to their axons(Koliatsos et al.,1994).In this model(‘Avulsion Model’),spinal roots are torn off from spinal cord without removing the vertebra at     

Hallervorden?Spatz病:三例报告并文献复习简

目的探讨Hallervorden—Spatz病之临床和影像学特点。方法与结果回顾分析3例Hallervorden—Spatz病患者临床资料。其中2例临床表现为锥体外系症状,影像学符合典型“虎眼征”,诊断明确;1例阳性体征为痉挛步态伴严重构音障碍,锥体外系症状不典型,缺乏不自主动作,T2WI显示典型“虎眼征”,20年后复查时双侧苍白球前内侧高信号区明显缩小,符合不典型Hallervorden—Spatz病。结论典型Hallervorden—Spatz病儿童期发病、病程短,可根据以锥体外系症状为主的临床体征和T2WI显示典型“虎眼征”而获得早期诊断;非典型Hallervorden．Spatz病青少年期发病、病程长,锥体外系症状可不典型,T2WI“虎眼征”可随病程出现动态变化。