Survvin反义寡核苷酸诱导人胃癌细胞凋亡的作用

目的探讨生存素（Survivin）反义寡核苷酸（ASODN）诱导人胃癌细胞SGC7901凋亡的作用。方法设计合成特异性靶向Survivin的ASODN,将胃癌细胞株分为空白对照组（Sham组）、脂质体转染对照组（Lip组）、正义链转染对照组（Lip-SODN组）和ASODN转染组（Lip-ASODN组）。作用48h后,Westemblot法检测各组Survivin表达情况,流式细胞仪检测各组细胞凋亡率,免疫组化SP法检测细胞中PCNA表达情况。结果脂质体介导Survivin ASODN转染后的胃癌细胞Survivin蛋白表达明显下降;ASODN转染组细胞凋亡率明显高于各对照组（P均〈0．05）,各对照组间无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。ASODN转染后胃癌细胞中PCNA表达水平明显降低。结论 Survivin ASODN转染胃癌细胞能下调Survivin蛋白表达,诱导胃癌细胞凋亡,抑制细胞增殖,具有明显的抗癌作用。     

Expression of heparanase mRNA in anti-sense oligonucleotide-transfected human esophageal cancer EC9706 cells

AIM: To investigate the effects of anti-sense oligonudeotides (ASODNs) on mRNA expression of heparanase in human esophageal cancer EC9706 cells. METHODS: One non-sense oligonucleotide (N-ODN) and five ASODNs against different heparanase mRNA sites were transfected into EC9706 cells, then the expression of heparanase mRNA in EC9706 cells was studied by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: The expression of heparanase mRNA could be inhibited by ASODNs.There was no significant difference among five ASODNs (P>0.05), but there was a significant difference between ASODNs and N-ODN or non-transfected group (ASODN1: 2.25±0.25, ASODN2: 2.21±0.23, ASODN3: 2.23±0.23, ASODN4: 2.25±0.24 vs N-ODN: 3.47±2.80 or non- transfected group: 3.51±2.93 respectively,P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The expression of heparanase mRNA in EC9706 cells can be inhibited by ASODNs in vivo, and heparanase ASODNs can inhibit metastasis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma or other tumors by inhibiting the expression of heparanase.     

生存素反义寡核苷酸诱导肝癌细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的　生存素 (survivin)是近年来发现的凋亡抑制蛋白家族新成员 ,在多数恶性肿瘤组织中丰富表达。因此 ,观察生存素反义寡核苷酸转染对肝癌细胞凋亡、增殖、细胞对化疗药物敏感性的影响。方法　设计合成特异性靶向生存素的反义寡核苷酸 (ASODN)。肝癌细胞株hepG2 分为 6组 :空白对照组、脂质体转染对照组、正义链转染对照组、2 0 0、40 0和 6 0 0nmol/LASODN转染组。作用 2 0h后收获各组细胞。倒置显微镜观察细胞形态变化 ,Westernblot法检测各组细胞生存素表达情况 ,流式细胞术检测各组细胞增殖和凋亡指数 ,MTT法检测 5 氟尿嘧啶 (5 FU)和顺铂 (DDP)对各组细胞的生长抑制率。结果　各ASODN转染组细胞生存素表达有不同程度减弱 ,细胞变圆、折光增强、漂浮、细胞碎片形成等 ,而各对照组细胞生长良好 ;各ASODN转染组细胞凋亡指数明显高于各对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,以 6 0 0nmol/L转染组最为明显 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而各对照组间差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;各ASODN转染组细胞增殖指数明显低于各对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,以 6 0 0nmol/L转染组最为明显 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而各对照组间差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;等浓度化疗药物 5 FU和DDP对各ASODN转染组细胞的抑制率明显高于各对照组(P <0 .0 5 ) ,以 6 0 0nmol/L     

pEGFP-C1-反义生存素重组质粒的构建和转染

目的 构建pEGFP-C1-反义生存素（survivin)重组质粒，并转染入人MKN-45低分化胃腺癌细胞株，观察转染前后生存素基因的表达及对凋亡的影响。从基因水平探讨反义生存素核酸治疗胃癌的分子生物学机制。为今后利用反义基因治疗肿瘤提供实验和理论依据。方法 应用基因重组技术构建 pEGFP-C1-反义生存素重组质粒，通过脂质体转染法转染人MKN-45胃腺癌细胞株，以流式细胞仪方法检测细胞凋亡，以RT-PCR技术检测质粒转染前后生存素基因mRNA的表达。结果 pEGFP-C1-反义生存素重组质粒转染MKN-45低分化胃腺癌细胞株后细胞凋亡明显增加，G2/M期细胞减少，同时生存素基因在mRNA水平被抑制。结论 反义生存素核酸能抑制细胞增殖。减少生存素基因的mRNA表达而促进胃癌细胞凋亡。     

存活素反义寡核苷酸对甲状腺癌细胞生长的抑制作用

目的 探讨利用凋亡抑制基因存活素反义寡核苷酸（ASODN）诱导甲状腺癌细胞凋亡的效应。方法 设计合成特异性靶向存活素的ASODN，以不同浓度和时间对人甲状腺髓样癌细胞进行转染，并设空白、正义（SODN）对照组进行比较。采用RT-PCR、Western印迹、免疫细胞化学技术检测各组细胞中存活素mRNA、蛋白表达水平，DNA裂解分析、吖啶橙／溴化乙锭（AO／EB）染色法、流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡水平和形态变化，MTT法检测细胞生长抑制情况。结果 转染ASODN各组细胞存活素mRNA和蛋白表达均较空白对照组、SODN组明显减弱；细胞凋亡率显著增加，细胞生长相应受抑，上述效应在ASODN转染24h最为明显，并呈浓度依赖性；而各时段SODN组与空白对照组间各项指标差异均无统计学意义。结论 ASODN能够特异性地下调甲状腺癌细胞中存活素基因表达，进而诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡，并抑制其增殖。     

粘着斑激酶反义寡核苷酸与胃癌细胞生长及凋亡的关系

根据FAKcDNA序列设计合成与FAKmRNA碱基序列互补的FAK反义寡核苷酸,导入BGC－823胃癌细胞,通过MTT比色法、细胞免疫化学染色法、逆转录－聚合酶链反应（RT－PCR）、细胞周期及电镜等方法,检测FAK反义寡核苷酸对人胃癌细胞的影响。结果示：①胃癌细胞生长明显受到抑制,抑制效应呈浓度和时间依赖性。②细胞内P125蛋白和FAKmRNA表达均明显下降。③经FAK反义寡核苷酸处理后BGC－823胃癌细胞发生凋亡,FCM普上可见明显的凋亡峰,电镜观察呈现凋亡早期形态改变,认为FAK反义寡核甘酸导入BGC－823胃癌细胞后,使BGC－823胃癌细胞FAKmPNA及P125蛋白表达水平下降,抑制PGC－823胃癌细胞增列,同时诱导BGC－823胃癌细胞发生凋亡。     

Apoptosis induction with polo-like kinase-1 antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide of colon cancer cell line SW480

AIM:To investigate the effects of polo-like kinase-1 (PLKl) antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynudeotide (ASODN) on apoptosis and cell cycle of human colon cancer cell line SW480. METHODS:After SW480 colon cancer cells were transfected with PLKl ASODN, Northern and Western blot analyses were used to examine PLKl gene expression in cancer cells. We studied apoptosis using terminal uridine deoxynudeotidyl nick end labeling. Apoptosis and cell cycle of SW480 cells were examined by fluorescence-activated cell sorter scan. RESULTS:The levels of PLKl mRNA and protein were greatly inhibited by PLKl ASODN in SW480 cancer cells transfected with PLKl ASODN. Apoptosis index (AI) induced PLKl ASODN in a time-and dose-dependent manner. Results from FLM showed that sub-2N DNA content of transfected cancer cells was significantly increased and arrested at G_2/M compared with control groups. CONCLUSION:PLKl ASODN can induce apoptosis of human colon cancer cell line SW480.     

The Mechanism Underlying Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis Induced by Atorvastatin may be Mainly Associated with Down-regulation of Survivin Expression

Purpose Studies have shown that statins may induce vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) apoptosis. But its mechanisms are incompletely understood. In this study, we investigate the effects of atorvastatin and survivin antisense oligonucleotides (ASODN) on VSMCs apoptosis and the relation between survivin and VSMCs apoptosis. Materials and methods Cultured VSMCs were treated with atorvastatin and vascular endothelial grow factor (VEGF). Apoptosis of VSMCs at 6–72 h after treatment with atorvastatin was detected by means of Hoechst33258 staining. Survivin and Fas factors expression were detected by means of immunohistochemistry. Survivin and Fas mRNA expression were detected by means of RT-PCR. In order to determine the relations between survivin and VSMCs apoptosis, we also performed transfection of VSMCs with survivin ASODN using GenePORTER Transfection Reagent and studied the survivin protein expression by means of western blotting. Results VSMCs apoptosis after treatment with atorvastatin was increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The expression of survivin and survivin mRNA in VSMCs was significantly down-regulated at 24 h and disappeared at 48–72 h after treatment with atorvastatin. Fas and Fas mRNA in VSMCs could only be detected at 72 h and not at 6–48 h after treatment with atorvastatin. We did not observe any effects of VEGF on VSMCs apoptosis, on survivin and survivin mRNA expression, and on Fas and Fas mRNA expression in VSMCs after treatment with atorvastatin. At 48 hours after the start of transfection, survivin protein expression was significantly reduced after transfection with 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 μg/ml of survivin ASODN and there was no survivin protein expression after transfection with 3.0 and 4.0 μg/ml of survivin ASODN. In contrast, in the GenePORTER only and SODN studies, survivin protein expression was observed with western blotting. Hoechst33258 staining showed that treatment of VSMCs with survivin ASODN resulted in VSMCs apoptosis. Conclusions Atorvastatin induces VSMCs apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Transfection of survivin ASODN can directly induce VSMCs apoptosis. The mechanisms of VSMCs apoptosis induced by atorvastatin may be mainly associated with down-regulation of survivin expression in VSMCs. Up-regulation of Fas in VSMCs may play a role in later stages following atorvastatin treatment.     

Survivin反义寡核苷酸诱导肝癌细胞凋亡的作用

目的 用反义寡核苷酸封闭肝癌细胞中survivin基因的表达,研究其诱导细胞凋亡的作用及其机制。方法 用脂质体介导survivin反义寡核苷酸转染人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721细胞,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期变化及细胞凋亡比率,激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞骨架微丝系统变化,激酶活性检测方法测定细胞内caspase-3活性变化,免疫沉淀法测定细胞内丝裂原活化蛋白激酶p38(p38MAPK)活性的变化。结果 脂质体介导survivin反义寡核苷酸转染肝癌细胞后Ⅰ～Ⅵ组(空白对照、正义对照、400、600、800、1000ng/ml反义转染组)细胞内p38MAPK活性分别为7.03、7.07、13.47、16.37、43.97及47.87;caspase-3活性分别为0.015±0.010、0.014±0.002、0.026±0.003、0.042±0.001、0.093±0.001及0.100±0.001;Ⅳ～Ⅵ组细胞内p38MAPK及caspase-3活性较对照组明显升高。转染后细胞发生G_2/M期阻滞,Ⅰ～Ⅵ组细胞凋亡率分别为0.70％、0.76％、2.43％、7.82％、23.11％及31.35％,各实验组细胞凋亡较对照组明显增加。细胞内微丝形态结构破坏,Ⅰ～Ⅵ组细胞肌动蛋白平均荧光强度分别为189.69±6.68、184.23±8.76、173.14±8.15、99.48±6.57、76.69±10.05及63.80±6.79,Ⅳ～Ⅵ组细胞肌动蛋白平均荧光强度较对照组明显降低。结论 脂质体介导转染survivi     

Cyclin D1反义寡核苷酸对胃癌细胞化疗敏感性的影响

目的 研究Cyclin D1反义寡核苷酸（ASODN）对胃癌细胞SGC-7901和HS-746T化疗敏感性的影响,并探讨其内在机制。方法 在给予Cyclin D1 ASODN和Cyclin D1反义寡核苷酸转染细胞24h后,分别给予梯度浓度的5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU）、氨甲喋呤（MTX）、顺铂（CDDP）,观察各组的量效反应,计算IC50。Cyclin D1 ASODN转染细胞后24h、48h时应用RT—PCR分别检测各组细胞中胸苷酸合酶（TS）、胸腺嘧啶磷酸化酶（TP）、二氢叶酸还原酶（DHFR）的表达情况。结果 Cyclin D1 ASODN转染增加了两种胃癌细胞对5-FU、MTX、CDDP的敏感性,ASODN＋化疗组对各化疗药物的lc50与对照组相比均有显著下降。RT—PCR显示Cyclin D1 ASODN转染后24h时Cyclin D1、TS、DHFR mRNA表达较对照组下降,而TP mRNA表达较对照组升高,在48h时各种酶mRNA表达的改变更加明显。结论 Cyclin D1 ASODN能提高胃癌细胞对多种化疗药物的敏感性,可能是由于影响了化疗药物代谢相关酶表达的改变所致。     

Survivin antisense compound inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in liver cancer cells

AIM: To evaluate the effects of survivin on cell proliferation and apoptosis in liver cancer. METHODS: MTT assay was used to generate and optimize phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides (ODNs)-LipofectamineTM2000 (LiP) compound by varying ODNs (μg): LiP (μL) ratios from 1:0.5 to 1:5. Then, liver cancer cells (HepG2) were transfected with the compound. By using RT-PCR and Western blot, the expression levels of survivin mRNA and proteins were detected in HepG2 cells treated with antisense compounds (ODNs:LiP=1:4), and compared with those treated with sense compounds (1:4) as control. MTT assay was applied to the determination of cell proliferation in HepG2 cells. Active caspase-3 was evaluated by flow cytometric analysis. The morphological changes were assessed by electron microscopy. Laser scanning confocal microscopy was performed to detect the subcellular localization of survivin proteins in treated and untreated cells. RESULTS: Antisense compounds (1:4) down-regulated survivin expression (mRNA and protein) in a dose-dependent manner with an IC50 of 250 nmol/L. Its maximum effect was achieved at a concentration of 500 nmol/L, at which mRNA and protein levels were down-regulated by 80%. The similar results were found in MTT assay. Antisense compound (l:4)-treated cells revealed increased caspase-3-like protease activity compared with untreated cells. Untreated cells as control were primarily negative for the presence of active-caspase-3. As shown by transmission electron microscopy, treated cells with antisense compounds (1:4) resulted in morphological changes such as blebbing and loss of microvilli, vacuolization in the cytoplasm, condensation of the cytoplasm and nuclei, and fragmented chromatin. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed the presence of survivin protein pool inside the cytoplasm in untreated cells. Labeled-FITC immunofluorescence staining of survivin clearly showed that survivin was distributed mainly in a spotted form inside the cytoplasm. Whereas cells treated with antisense compounds were rare and weak inside the cytoplasm. CONCLUSION: Down-regulation of survivin expression induced by the antisense compounds reduces tumor growth potential, promotes apoptosis and affects the localization of survivin proteins in HepG2 cells. Furthermore, survivin protein is a key molecule associated with proliferation and apoptosis, and antisense oligonucleotides targeting survivin have a bright prospect in the therapy of liver cancer.     

存活素与血管内皮生长因子反义寡核苷酸对人甲状腺髓样癌裸鼠模型的作用

目的探讨存活素与血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）反义寡核苷酸（ASODN）对人甲状腺髓样癌（MTC）裸鼠模型的作用。方法构建的28只人甲状腺髓样癌裸鼠模型，随机分配到对照组和治疗组。对照组包括未处理组，正义寡核苷酸（SODN）组（VEGF SODN组和存活素SODN组）和SODN联合组；治疗组包括ASODN组（VEGF ASODN组和存活素ASODN组）和ASODN联合组。各组每日一次瘤内注射相应处理液，连续7d。治疗结束后l周末，杀死全部瘤鼠，切取瘤体，测算瘤重和抑瘤率以评价肿瘤生长情况，瘤组织石腊切片分别行HE、免疫组化和DNA末端原位标记法（TUNEL法）染色以评价组织病理构造、VEGF与存活素蛋白表达和细胞凋亡的变化。结果HE染色显示，治疗组血管生成明显降低。此外，相对于对照组，治疗组具有显著的VEGF和存活素低表达、高凋亡、低瘤重和高抑瘤率特点（均P〈0．01），并且ASODN联合组较ASODN组更为显著（均P〈0．05），而对照组间和SODN组间未见上述各特点的统计学差异。结论在裸鼠MTC模型，人甲状腺髓样癌存活素和VEGF的单或双靶向基因沉默治疗能够达到明显抑瘤效果。并且联合治疗更为突出。这为发展甲状腺髓样癌的基因治疗提供了实验依据。     

端粒酶逆转录酶基因反义寡核苷酸抑制肺癌细胞端粒酶活性和诱导细胞凋亡

目的 研究端粒酶逆转录酶（hTERT)基因反义寡核苷酸（ASODN）对肺癌细胞端粒酶活性和细胞凋亡的影响。方法 实验分为ASODN组、正义寡核苷酸（SODN）组和空白对照组,所用ASODN和SODN的浓度分别为10μmol/L,脂质体为16mg/L,采用端粒重复扩增法、逆转录－聚合酶链反应、Western Blot及流式细胞术分别观察各组端粒酶活性、hTERP mRNA和蛋白质表达以及细胞凋亡。结果 ASODN组显著下调或抑制肺癌细胞端粒酶活性和hTERT表达,但直到第21天才出现细胞凋亡增多。结论 端粒酶活性与hTERT表达密切相关。     

下调XIAP表达增强化疗药物诱导胃癌细胞凋亡的作用

目的:观察下调X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白(XIAP)基因表达对胃癌细胞化疗敏感性的影响.方法:构建XIAP基因反义真核表达载体,稳定转染胃癌细胞株MKN-45,RT-PCR和Western blot法检测癌细胞XIAP基因表达.选用顺铂、丝裂霉素分别处理转染前后的胃癌细胞,采用MTT比色法、克隆形成抑制实验检测癌细胞体外生长活性:透射电镜、流式细胞术、TUNEL检测癌细胞凋亡及比率;Western blot和比色法检测细胞内caspase-3蛋白表达和活性水平.结果:RT-PCR和Western blot证实,稳定转染反义XIAP基因的胃癌细胞MKN-45的XIAP mRNA和蛋白表达水平分别降低84.75%(P<0.01)和89.75%(P<0.01),各浓度顺铂、丝裂霉素处理24 h后,转染反义XIAP基因的MKN-45细胞生长抑制率分别增加7.3%-25.3%(P<0.01),12.3%-16.3%(P<0.01).透射电镜下可见部分细胞发生典型的凋亡形态学改变,凋亡率分别为34.12%和32.5%,显著高于未转染对照组MKN-45细胞的凋亡率(14.2%,P<0.05).与MKN-45细胞比较,稳定转染反义XIAP基因的MKN-45细胞内caspase-3表达水平增高2.45倍(P<0.01),活性水平提高3.68倍(P<0.0 1).结论:通过反义RNA技术下调XIAP基因表达,能提高癌细胞中caspase-3的表达和活性,增强化疗药物对癌细胞的诱导凋亡作用.