结直肠癌肝转移一期联合手术化疗的临床研究

目的探讨结直肠癌肝转移一期联合手术辅助化疗的有效途径及临床价值.方法回顾性分析一期联合手术切除原发癌及转移癌,经肝动脉门静脉双置泵栓塞灌注化疗,肿瘤局部注射无水酒精及热电疗法综合性治疗结直肠癌肝转移36例的临床资料.结果本组36例结直肠癌患者原发癌均获切除,其中一期切除肝转移癌17例,6例复发,4例再次手术切除.19例不能切除的转移性肝癌,行肝动脉门静脉双置泵栓塞灌注化疗,无水酒精注射和热电疗法.肿瘤直径平均缩小57%,其中4例因肿瘤缩小行二期手术切除.1、2、3年生存率分别为切除组94%,82%,65%;明显高于置泵组的74%,53%,32%(P<0.01).结论结直肠癌肝转移一期联合手术切除加肝动脉门静脉双置泵栓塞灌注化疗,是一种首选而有效的治疗方法.不能切除肝转移癌者,只要切除原发肿瘤,肝动脉门静脉置泵栓塞灌注化疗,可明显延长病人生存期,改善预后.     

肝移植治疗转移性肝癌临床价值及评价

肝移植是治疗部分不具备手术切除条件或者其他治疗方法无效的转移性肝癌病人的有效手段。由于不同来源的肝转移肿瘤行肝移植临床效果不同,临床上应严格把握手术适应证及治疗时机,以神经内分泌来源的肿瘤,尤其是类癌来源者肝移植效果最好,是目前转移性肝癌行肝移植手术的主要适应证,而结直肠癌肝转移行肝移植的价值还尚须进一步研究。目前,对于乳腺癌等其他肿瘤来源的转移性肝癌的报道较少。     

肺癌肝转移治疗的研究进展

<正>对于肺癌肝转移者,目前多采用化疗为主的综合治疗。近年来外科治疗肺癌肝转移术后获得长期生存的病例在国内外已有报道,行TACE及PEI治疗患者也逐渐增多。综合文献对肺癌肝转移的外科治疗以及介入治疗的前景及意义作一介绍。肺癌肝脏转移的发生率为38%~44%,肺癌尸检肝转移率为40%~61%[1]。肺癌肝脏转移预后差,多在7个月内死亡[2],主要死于肝功能衰竭[3]、转移性肝癌破裂出血[4]以及门静脉癌栓[5]。肺癌肝转移的患者早期可无明显症状,诊断主     

单发转移性肝癌的诊断和治疗

目的　探讨单发转移性肝癌的诊断和治疗。方法　回顾性总结分析 1年半来治疗 1 0例患者的临床资料。结果1 0例患者入院后确诊为转移性肝癌 ,肝脏转移灶均为单发 ,肿瘤直径在 4 .5～ 1 2 .4 cm ,平均 7.8± 2 .5 cm。 2例来自胃癌 ,7例来自结直肠癌 ,1例来自恶性淋巴瘤 ,门诊误诊率高达 6 0 %。 9例患者均同期行肝转移癌切除及胃肠道肿瘤切除术 ,手术顺利 ,无 1例出现手术并发症。结论　单发肝转移癌发病率低 ,容易误诊 ,医师对本病认识不足以及临床思维的局限是导致误诊的主要原因。治疗首选肝转移灶和原发灶肿瘤同期切除     

胃癌异时性肝转移的治疗及预后因素分析

目的探讨胃癌异时性肝转移的治疗方式及影响预后的相关因素。方法回顾性分析1996年1月至2008年12月天津医科大学肿瘤医院收治的102例胃癌异时性肝转移患者的临床病理资料。其中行单纯化疗64例,化疗联合TACE19例,化疗联合肝转移癌切除19例。患者在术后3年内,每3个月来院随访复查1次,3年后每6个月1次,5年后每年1次。复查内容包括体格检查、实验室检查和影像学检查等。随访时间截至2013年10月。采用Kaplan—Meier法绘制生存曲线,Log—rank法进行显著性检验,COX模型进行预后因素分析。结果102例中行单纯化疗的64例患者,部分缓解15例、稳定22例、进展27例;化疗联合TACE的19例患者,部分缓解6例、稳定9例、进展4例;化疗联合肝转移癌切除的19例患者,术后发生切口感染1例,围手术期无死亡。胃癌复发死亡者16例,其中局部复发10例、多灶复发6例。102例患者中有8例失访,随访时间9～149个月。总体中位生存时间为8个月（2～70个月）,1、3、5年生存率分别为40．2％、17．7％、6．8％。其中64例单纯化疗者中位生存时间为5个月（2—37个月）,1、3、5年生存率分别为15．6％、3．5％、0;19例行化疗联合TACE者中位生存时间为6个月（3～36个月）,1、3、5年生存率分别为26．1％、6．5％、0;19例行化疗联合肝转移癌切除者中位生存时间为15个月（5～70个月）,1、3、5年生存率分别为63．2％、31．6％、16．8％。联合肝转移癌切除者与单纯化疗和联合TACE者累积生存率比较,差异有统计学意义（X2=23．900,P〈0．05）。单因素分析结果显示：原发癌直径、分化程度、是否存在肝外转移、肝转移癌类型、肝转移癌数目和治疗方式与胃癌异时性肝转移的预后相关（,=6．307,7．908,4．375,45．188,18．234,23．900,P〈0．05）。多因素分析结果显示：肝转移癌类型和肝转移癌数目是影响胃癌异时性肝转移预后的独立因素（OR=5．217,3．292,95％CI：1．428～2．882,1．054～2．514,P〈0．05）。结论手术切除肝转移癌仍然是提高患者生存率的关键。在选择治疗方式时应考虑肝转移癌数目和转移癌类型这两个影响患者预后的独立因素。     

大肠癌肝转移的治疗进展

肝脏是大肠癌最常见的远处转移器官,正确地处理肝转移是提高大肠癌总体疗效的主要措施之一。手术切除为治疗肝转移的首选,随着相关技术的发展、并发症的减少,手术指征逐步放宽,对手术时机掌握的认识也在发生着变化;对肝转移不能切除的病人,术前化疗是使病人获得手术切除机会的重要方法,术后辅助治疗降低了术后复发率和转移率;肿瘤射频消融与手术联合应用,能使初始不可切除的肝转移癌病人获得长期生存机会。因此,积极的多学科综合治疗,能有效延长病人的生存期,改善患者的预后。     

巨块型肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的治疗：附15例报告

目的　探讨外科手术、肝动脉化疗栓塞及联合或不联合门静脉灌注化疗治疗巨块型肝癌伴门静脉癌栓的效果。方法　 15例伴有门静脉癌栓的巨块型肝癌 ,均采用切除原发癌灶并取尽癌栓治疗 ,其中 5例患者留置门静脉化疗泵 ,术后 2周行肝动脉化疗栓塞或联合门静脉化疗。结果　全组术后无严重并发症发生。 6,12 ,18个月生存期分别为 10 0 % (15 /15 ) ,80 .0 % (12 /15 ) ,60 .0 %(9/15 )。结论　手术仍是治疗巨块型肝癌合并门静脉癌栓的有效方法 ,手术后辅以介入为主的综合治疗能有效提高生存率。     

胃肠道恶性肿瘤伴肝转移的联合治疗

目的 探讨转移性肝癌肝切除联合区域化疗及免疫治疗的适应证、安全性和效果。方法 回顾性分析39例转移性肝癌行肝切除联合区域化疗及免疫治疗的随访资料。结果 无手术死亡,随访1～5年,1、2、3、4、5年生存率分别为100％、79.48％、71.79％、64.1％、41.02％。生存期超过5年者见于大肠癌、胃窦癌区域淋巴结阴性,转移灶直径在3 cm以内。结论 转移性肝癌切除联合区域化疗及免疫治疗安全有效,是一种延长病人生存期的有效联合治疗方案。     

腹腔镜肝切除术在结直肠癌肝转移治疗中的应用

正随着外科技术的进步,个性化治疗策略及围手术期管理的完善,加之有效的化疗及靶向药物的出现,转移性肝癌特别是结直肠癌肝转移(CRLM)的外科治疗越来越受到关注。腹腔镜肝切除治疗转移性肝癌技术上有优势,也存在困难,与治疗原发性肝癌有所不同。转移性肝癌往往无肝硬化,多发,分布于周围肝段,这为腹腔镜肝切除术提供有利条件。但转移性肝癌综合治疗(化疗、肝动脉灌注化疗等)所导致的肝脏毒性损伤,给腹腔镜肝切除术中肝实     

外科治疗胃癌肝转移疗效分析

目的探讨外科治疗胃癌肝转移的方法与疗效。方法1996年1月至2003年12月间行外科治疗的胃癌肝转移患者25例，17例为同时性肝转移，8例为术后发现的异时性肝转移。其中单转移灶15例，多转移灶10例。行不规则肝切除16例，左外叶切除4例，左叶切除3例，右叶切除2例，术后行肝动脉灌注化疗9例，肝动脉化疗栓塞16例。结果1例同时性肝切除患者术后死于肺部感染、成人呼吸窘迫综合征，余24例均获随访，中位时间25(7—60)个月。胃癌肝转移灶切除后1、3年生存率为68．5％和29．8％，原发癌浸润表浅、淋巴结转移少、单转移灶、异时性转移及转移灶有包膜是影响生存率的有利因素。结论同时及异时性胃癌肝转移可经外科手术切除肝转移灶，但应注意手术指征的把握。     

Long-term survival after surgical resection of liver metastasis from lung cancer

Lung cancer metastasis to the liver indicates a poor prognosis, and the majority of patients with metastatic disease to the liver are not indicated for surgery because of the number or distribution of metastases or the presence of extrahepatic disease. We herein describe a case of long-term survival after a surgical resection of liver metastases from lung cancer. Six months after surgery for Stage IB primary lung adenocarcinoma, a 71-year-old male was found to have a metastatic tumor in his liver. A hepatic resection for the metastatic tumor and another small metastatic foci found intraoperatively was carried out, and the tumors were pathologically diagnosed as liver metastases from lung cancer. The patient is presently alive and well without recurrence, as of 5 years and 2 months after the liver resection. This is the first report of the successful surgical treatment of liver metastasis from lung cancer.     

胃癌肝转移的肝切除治疗及预后分析

目的 探讨胃癌肝转移肝切除治疗的疗效以及不同临床病理因素与预后的关系.方法 回顾性总结24例胃癌肝转移行肝转移灶手术切除患者的临床资料并对预后进行单因素和多因素分析.结果 全组病例均获得随访,胃癌肝转移外科治疗后1年生存率为67%,3年生存率为21%,5年生存率为13%.单因素分析显示淋巴结转移、脉管瘤栓、R0切除、转移灶大小为重要预后因素;多因素分析显示转移灶大小、脉管瘤栓为独立预后因素.结论 严格适应证的胃癌肝转移手术切除可以改善预后.综合治疗有望进一步提高疗效.     

Pathologic support for limited hepatectomy in the treatment of liver metastases from colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The authors determined an appropriate surgical treatment for liver metastases from colorectal cancers. Clinicopathologic features of metastatic lesions of colorectal cancers were studied. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Major hepatic resection is the usual procedure for treatment of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancers. METHODS: Forty consecutive patients who underwent hepatic resections were prospectively studied, for a total of 89 metastatic liver tumors. RESULTS: Metastatic tumor often extended along Glisson's capsule, including invasion to the portal vein (9 cases), the hepatic vein (3 cases), the bile duct (16 cases), and the nerve (6 cases). The main tumor had small satellite nodules in only one patient, and there were no microscopic deposits in the parenchyma, even within 10 mm from the metastatic tumors. Fibrous pseudocapsule formation was observed in 28 patients. DISCUSSION: The rarity of intrahepatic metastasis from metastatic tumor supports nonanatomic limited hepatic resection as the procedure of choice for metastatic colorectal cancer in the liver. The spread via Glisson's capsule should be taken into consideration for complete tumor clearance.     

Surgical Therapy for Colorectal Metastases to the Liver

Colorectal cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer in the West and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Approximately 35 to 55% of patients with colorectal cancer develop hepatic metastases during the course of their disease. Surgical resection of colorectal liver metastases represents the only chance at potential cure, and long-term survival can be achieved in 35 to 58% of patients after resection. The goal of hepatic resection should be to resect all metastases with negative histologic margins while preserving sufficient functional hepatic parenchyma. In patients with extensive metastatic disease who would otherwise be unresectable, ablative approaches can be used instead of or combined with hepatic resection. The use of portal vein embolization and preoperative chemotherapy may also expand the population of patients who are candidates for surgical treatment. Despite these advances, many patients still experience a recurrence after hepatic resection. More active systemic chemotherapy agents are now available and are being increasingly employed as adjuvant therapy either before or after surgery. Modern treatment of colorectal liver metastasis requires a multidisciplinary approach in an effort to increase the number of patients who may benefit from surgical treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastasis.     

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??Treatment strategies for management of colorectal cancer liver metastases YE Ying-jiang, WANG Shan. Department of Gastroenterology Surgery, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing 100044, China Corresponding author:YE Ying-jiang, E-mail:yjye101@yahoo.com.cn Abstract Liver metastases is the most common distant metastasis of colorectal cancer. Surgical resection is believed the only effective treatment for metastatic hepatic cancer currently. With increased experience and multiple disciplines development, the surgical indication for metastatic liver cancer has been expanded gradually, and the standard of hepatic surgery has also been improved constantly. Importantly, multidisciplinary team (MDT) model remains the fundamental for optimal treatment for liver metastasis from colorectal cancer. The participation of MDT brings more opportunities for metastatic liver cancer, and improves the surgery outcomes indirectly. Diagnostic radiology is an important way for R0 resection of metastatic liver cancer; the intraoperative ultrasound increases metastatic liver cancer detection rate and surgery safety. Preoperative chemotherapy brings operation opportunity for those patients with initially unresectable lesions, and postoperative adjuvant therapy contributes to reduce the post-operation recurrence and metastasis. Radiofrequency ablation combined with hepatic resection provides unresectable metastatic liver cancer the best opportunity for long term survival.     

Resection Margins for Colorectal Metastases to The Liver: Do They Make A Difference?

Objective: The authors determined an appropriate surgical treatment for liver metastases from colorectal cancers. Clinicopathologic featuresof metastatic lesions of colorectal cancers were studied.Summary Background Data: Major hepatic resection is the usual procedure for treatment of hepatic metastases from colorectal cancers.Methods: Forty consecutive patients who underwent hepatic resections were prospectively studied, for a total of 89 metastatic liver tumors.Results: Metastatic tumor often extended along Glisson’s capsule, including invasion to the portal vein (9 cases), the hepatic vein (3 cases), the bile duct (16 cases), and the nerve (6 cases). The main tumor had small satellite nodules in only one patient, and there were no microscopic deposits in the parenchyma, even within 10 mm from the metastatic tumors. Fibrous pseudocapsule formation was observed in 28 patients.Discussion: The rarity of intrahepatic metastasis from metastatic tumor supports nonanatomic limited hepatic resection as the procedure of choice for metastatic colorectal cancer in the liver. The spread via Glisson''s capsule should be taken into consideration for complete tumor clearance.     

个体化治疗直肠癌同时性肝转移

肝转移是影响结直肠癌预后的重要因素之一。一般认为手术切除是唯一可能治愈结直肠癌肝转移的治疗手段。而近年随着新辅助化疗与肿瘤物理消融技术以及微创技术的进展,尤其在生物一心理一社会的现代医学模式背景下,对可以手术切除的结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者如何选择更为合理的手术方式尚存在较多争议。中国医科大学附属盛京医院收治1例直肠癌同时性肝转移患者经新辅助化疗后腹腔镜下肝转移癌微波消融＋开腹结直肠癌根治性切除术的联合序贯治疗,为同类患者治疗方式的个体化选择提供参考。     

Survival after resection of multiple bilobar hepatic metastases from colorectal carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: To define the long-term outcome and treatment complications for patients undergoing liver resection for multiple, bilobar hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 165 consecutive patients undergoing liver resection for metastatic colorectal cancer was performed. Patients were divided into a simple hepatic metastasis group, consisting of patients with three or fewer metastases in a unilobar distribution, and a complex hepatic metastases group, consisting of patients with four or more unilobar metastases or at least two bilobar metastases. RESULTS: The 5-year survival rate was 36% for the simple group and 37% for the complex group. Multivariate analysis revealed that the number of hepatic segments involved by tumor and the maximum diameter of the largest metastasis correlated significantly with the 5-year survival rate. The surgical death rate was 4.9% for the simple group and 9.1% for the complex group; this difference was not significant. Multivariate analysis revealed that extended lobar resection and concomitant colon and hepatic resection were significant and independent predictors of surgical death. The combination of extended lobar resection and concomitant colon resection was used significantly more frequently in the complex group than in the simple group. CONCLUSIONS: Resection of complex hepatic metastases, as defined in this study, results in a 5-year survival rate of 37% and confers the same survival benefit as does resection of limited hepatic metastases. The surgical death rate for this aggressive approach is significantly higher if extended lobar resections are necessary and if concomitant colorectal resection is performed. Patients who have complex hepatic metastases at the time of diagnosis of the primary colorectal cancer and who would require extended hepatic lobectomy should have hepatic resection delayed for at least 3 months after colon resection.     

胃癌肝转移外科治疗的临床分析

目的 评价胃癌肝转移的外科治疗效果及病理因素对其预后的影响。方法 本组834例胃癌患者中共有91例诊断为肝转移，其中79例为同时性肝转移，12例术后发现异时转移，共21例行胃癌肝转移灶切除术。结果 胃癌肝转移灶切除后1年、3年生存率分别为69％、30％。单转移灶及异时性转移是其有利的预后因素。13例肝转移灶有假包膜形成。结论 单转移灶及异时转移、肿瘤假包膜形成预示胃癌肝转移切除患者有较好的预后。     

大肠癌同时伴肝转移67例临床治疗分析

目的探讨大肠癌同时伴肝转移的外科治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2003年1月至2007年12月67例大肠癌伴肝转移经外科手术治疗的临床资料。结果13例全肝多个转移灶病人行原发病灶切除加门静脉化疗泵植入术,余54例行原发灶和肝转移灶同期切除。本组术后1、2、3年生存率分别为91．0％（61／67）、71．6％（48／67）和40．3％（27／67）。生存时间最短为8个月,最长为57个月,中位生存期为30．2个月。结论大肠癌肝转移病人行原发灶和肝转移灶同期切除辅以局部及全身化疗,亦可取得满意效果。