TRAIL受体在前列腺癌中的表达

目的　探讨肿瘤坏死因子相关诱导凋亡配体 (TRAIL)受体在前列腺癌组织中的表达及其与前列腺癌恶性度的关系。方法　采用免疫组织化学方法检测前列腺癌组织及良性前列腺增生组织中DR4、DR5及DcR1的表达。结果　前列腺癌组织DcR1表达水平显著低于良性前列腺增生组织 (P <0 .0 1) ,DR4、DR5的表达水平两者无显著性差异。前列腺癌组织中DR4、DR5及DcR1的表达程度与前列腺癌组织的病理分级和临床分期无关 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　TRAIL基因受体DcR1在前列腺癌凋亡机制中可能发挥重要作用     

晚期糖基化终末产物及受体在实验性2型糖尿病大鼠种植体周围的变化及表达

目的 建立2型糖尿病大鼠动物模型,探讨晚期糖基化终末产物及其受体在实验性2型糖尿病大鼠种植体骨整合过程中的变化及表达.方法 45只3个月龄SD健康雄性大鼠,将大鼠随机分为糖尿病模型组25只和正常对照组20只.首先建立2型糖尿病大鼠模型,建模成功后将模型大鼠随机分为DM组和DM种植组,每组10只.将20只正常组大鼠随机分为正常对照组和正常种植组,每组10只.分别于正常种植组和DM种植组的胫骨近骺端植入纯钛种植体,植入10周后于下腔静脉采血,保存所采集标本,用RF-5301PC型荧光分光光度计测定血清中AGEs含量的变化.硬组织标本采用不带种植体脱钙切片,以正常组为对照,HE染色后用免疫组织化学方法检测种植体周围RAGE的表达.结果 10周后,DM种植组和DM组与正常对照组和正常种植组相比,血清中AGEs的变化差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）,正常种植组和DM种植组与正常对照组的种植体周围骨组织RAGE表达比较,差异均有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）;DM种植组与DM组比较,差异亦有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）.结论 种植体骨组织愈合过程中AGEs和RAGE相互作用是影响2型糖尿病种植体骨结合的机制之一.     

晚期糖基化终末产物与其受体相互作用对足细胞凋亡的影响

目的 探讨可溶性与复合型晚期糖基化终末产物(AGE)与晚期糖基化终末产物受体（RAGE）的相互作用对足细胞凋亡的影响。 方法 以可溶性（CML-BSA、AGE-BSA）和复合型（AGE修正胶原Ⅳ）AGE刺激小鼠足细胞，并用浓度分别为10、50、100 mg/L的AGE刺激细胞，应用TUNEL染色和荧光激活细胞分类（FACS）法来计数凋亡和坏死的足细胞。用RAGE iRNA转染足细胞后，以同样剂量的可溶性和复合型AGE刺激足细胞，观察凋亡情况的改变。 结果 可溶性和复合型AGE均可诱导小鼠足细胞凋亡，复合型AGE引起的足细胞凋亡是可溶性AGE的2~3倍（均P < 0.01）。AGE呈剂量依赖性引起足细胞凋亡。用RAGE iRNA转染足细胞，降低60%~70%RAGE基因活性后，可溶性AGE引起的凋亡率明显下降，复合型AGE诱导的凋亡有下降趋势，但不明显。只有在AGE 100 mg/L刺激后才发生细胞坏死。结论 可溶性AGE主要通过与RAGE相互作用引起足细胞凋亡，复合型AGE部分通过与RAGE相互作用诱导足细胞凋亡。减少AGE生成和RAGE表达可能是预防肾脏病进展的重要途径。     

血液透析患者可溶性晚期糖基化终末产物受体与颈动脉粥样硬化的关系

目的：探讨血液透析患者可溶性晚期糖基化终末产物受体（sRAGE）与颈动脉粥样硬化之间的关系。方法：检测76名血透患者的sRAGE水平以及颈动脉粥样硬化超声指标,并选取35名年龄、性别相匹配的健康对照,对sRAGE、颈动脉粥样硬化超声指标及相关临床资料进行分析。结果：血液透析患者的sRAGE水平显著高于健康对照组（P〈0.01）。有糖尿病、冠心病史的血透患者的sRAGE水平较无糖尿病、冠心病史者低（均P〈0.05）。多元线性回归分析显示,sRAGE与颈动脉内-中膜厚度（IMT）呈负相关（P〈0.05）。结论：血透患者sRAGE水平与颈动脉粥样硬化呈负相关,提示sRAGE是血透患者的一种血管保护因子。     

PCNA在前列腺癌及良性前列腺增生症组织中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨PCNA存前列腺癌及良性前列腺增生症组织中的表达及其在诊断前列腺癌的临床意义。方法运用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测40例前列腺癌病理组织以及良性前列腺增生症组织的PCNA的基冈表达水平。结果PCNA在前列腺癌组织中表达值为9．23±0．55,在良性前列腺增生症组织中表达值为1．23±0．04,前列腺癌中PCNA表达值高于良性前列腺增生症组织,差异有显著性（P〈0．01）。结论前列腺癌组织中PCNA基斟呈现为高表达,它有助于对前列腺癌的诊断。     

前列腺癌组织中ARA55 mRNA表达及临床意义

目的:探讨雄激素受体辅助因子ARA55在前列腺癌组织标本中的表达,分析ARA55 mRNA与患者的临床特征(Gleason评分、临床分期、PSA)之间的相关性。方法:应用实时定量PCR(SYBR染料法)技术,对前列腺癌组织标本中ARA55mRNA表达进行研究。结果:前列腺癌患者标本中ARA55 mRNA均有表达,但表达量有所不同,T1～T2期和T3～T4期Ct值分别为20.57±0.20和16.33±0.31;Gleason评分≤7分和Gleason评分>7分的Ct值分别为23.13±0.13和17.13±0.19;PSA≤10μg/L和PSA>10μg/L的Ct值分别为24.70±0.27和17.21±0.34;内分泌治疗有效和无效的Ct值分别为23.82±0.21和16.71±0.32,前者和后者相比均具有显著的统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:ARA55 mRNA表达与患者的临床特征(Gleason评分、临床分期、PSA)显著相关,肿瘤分期越早、Gleason评分≤7分、PSA≤10μg/L及内分泌治疗有效的患者其ARA55 mRNA表达量越高。ARA55可能是前列腺癌预后的一个良好预测指标,对于指导前列腺癌内分泌治疗有一定的意义。     

前列腺癌组织中雄激素受体的表达

目的 研究雄激素受体(AR)在前列腺癌(PCa)组织中的表达，探讨AR与PCa的关系。方法 采用免疫组织化学SP法检测60例PCa标本和40例正常前列腺组织AR的表达。结果 PCa组AR表达明显低于正常前列腺对照组(p＝0．001)；正常对照组前列腺腺上皮的AR表达明显高于间质（P＝0．0001)，阳性染色颗粒主要分布在前列腺的腺上皮的细胞核中。早期前列腺癌AR阳性表达率高于晚期(P＝0．0227)。高、中分化癌的AR阳性表达率高于低分化癌(P＝0．0403)。结论 PCa组织中的AR阳性表达率低于正常前列腺组织。AR的表达与肿瘤的分期、分级相关。     

TMSG-1在人前列腺癌细胞株与前列腺癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨肿瘤转移抑制基因-1(TMSG-1,亦称LASS2)在人不同转移潜能前列腺癌细胞株中与前列腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义.方法 采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(PCR)及细胞爬片免疫荧光组织化学方法,检测TMSG-1在人不同转移潜能前列腺癌细胞株低转移潜能(PC-3M-2134)和高转移潜能(PC-3M-IE8)中的表达.并采用免疫组织化学方法检测TMSG-1在人前列腺增生及前列腺癌组织中的表达,同时探讨其与临床病理特征之间的关系.结果 TMSG-1在PC-3M-284细胞株中的mRNA及蛋白表达(2.70±0.30、75.26±2.68)均明显高于在PC-3M-IE8细胞株中的表达(1.10±0.20、38.08±1.84),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).通过免疫组织化学观察表明TMSG-1在前列腺增生及前列腺癌组织中均有表达,但在前列腺增生中的阳性表达率(32/40)明显高于在前列腺癌中的阳性表达率(21/60).两者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).并且TMSG-1在前列腺癌组织中的表达与年龄、Gleason分级、淋巴结转移及TNM分期密切相关(P＜0.05),而与肿瘤的大小无明显相关.结论 TMSG-1在低转移潜能前列腺癌细胞株中的mRNA及蛋白表达明显高于在高转移潜能前列腺癌细胞株中的表达,证明它是一种肿瘤转移抑制基因.TMSG-1在人前列腺增生与前列腺癌组织中的表达之间差异有统计学意义,并且TMSG-1在前列腺癌中的表达与年龄、Gleason分级、淋巴结转移及TNM分期密切相关.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the expression of tumor metastasis suppressor gene 1 (TMSG-1 as well LASS2) in different prostate cancer cell lines and prostate cancer tissues and its clinical significance. Methods Sixty patients with prostate cancer had undergone surgery between 2008 and 2010.Forty patients with prostatic hyperplasia were chosen. Immunofluorescence histochemistry was used to study the distribution of TMSG-1 in cells, immunohistochemistry was used to observe the difference in TMSG-1 expression between prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer tissues, and the relationship between the TMSG-1 expression and clinicopathological features in prostate cancer tissues was analyzed. Results The level of TMSG-1 mRNA in PC-3M-2B4 cell line with low metastatic potentiality (2. 70 ±0. 30) was higher than in PC-3M-IE8 cell line (1. 10 ±0. 20). Immunofluorescence histochemistry revealed that most of the collected prostate cancers and prostatic hyperplasia tissues expressed TMSG-1 in cytoplasma, and nuclei were stained in a few of prostate cancer tissues. The average fluorescence intensity of TMSG-1 in PC-3M-2B4 cells (75. 26 ±2. 68) was obviously higher than in PC-3M-IE8 cells (38. 08 ± 1. 84). There was obviously different expression of TMSG-1 between prostate cancers (21/60) and prostatic hyperplasia ( 32/40 ) ( P ＜0. 05 ) . The TMSG-1 levels in prostate cancer tissue were significantly correlated with ages,Gleason grade, lymph node metastasis and tumor, nodes, metastasis (TNM) staging (P ＜0. 05) , but not with the size of tumor. Conclusion The expression level of TMSG-1 mRNA and protein in prostate cancer cell lines with low metastatic potentials significantly higher than in prostate carcinoma cell lines with high metastatic potentials, which proves that TMSG-1 is a tumor metastasis suppressor gene. From the difference in the TMSG-1 expression between human prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer tissues and the correlation with age, Gleason grade, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage in prostate cancers, we infer that TMSG-1 is an important prognostic indicator in judging prostate cancer cell growth, progression and metastasis.     

生长激素受体在人肝癌组织中的表达

目的：研究人类肝癌细胞中是否存在生长激素受体（GHR）。方法：采用免疫组织化学方法，对50例肝细胞肝癌标本，49例癌旁肝组织，30例肝硬变组织及30例正常肝组织进行GHR的测定。结果：肝癌标本中42．0％存在GHR阳性表达，其中仅22．0％的标本存在中到强阳性表达。癌旁肝组织中GHR阳性染色占95．9％，肝硬变组织中占96．7％，正常肝组织占93．3％。结论：肝癌患者中存在GHR的低度表达，因此，在对行肝癌根治性手术后或肝癌细胞GHR表达阴性的患者术后可使用生长激素治疗。     

晚期糖基化终末产物对人血管内皮细胞增殖及凋亡的影响

目的研究晚期糖基化终末产物(AGEs)对人血管内皮细胞增殖及凋亡的影响,探讨糖尿病难愈创面新生血管化障碍或延迟的机理.方法不同作用时间及浓度AGE修饰的人血清白蛋白(AGE-HSA)与人血管内皮细胞(ECV304)在体外共同培养,用四唑盐(MTT)比色试验和细胞计数检测AGE-HSA对血管内皮细胞的增殖抑制作用,并用台盼蓝排斥试验检测细胞活力.采用FITC Annexin-V及碘化丙碇(PI)染色,用流式细胞仪检测凋亡细胞百分率,同时应用荧光共聚焦显微镜观察凋亡或死亡细胞FITC Annexin-V和PI的荧光染色,并用透射电镜和光镜观察凋亡细胞特异性的形态学改变.结果内皮细胞在12.5、25和50μg/ml AGE-HSA培养条件下,第2天细胞增殖数量与对照组比较无明显差异性,第4天和第6天则显著低于对照组(P＜0.01);而内皮细胞经100或200μg/ml AGE-HSA干预6h,MTT法测其OD值与对照组比较有明显差异(P＜0.01),同时内皮细胞出现特异性的凋亡形态学变化以及FITC Annexin-V阳性和/或PI阳性的细胞逐渐增多,且凋亡或死亡细胞数量随AGE-HSA作用时间及浓度的增加而增多.结论AGE-HSA能抑制内皮细胞增殖,并可以诱导其凋亡,而且与作用时间及浓度相关.提示AGEs可能是引起糖尿病难愈创面中新生血管化障碍或者延迟的机制之一.     

Receptor for advanced glycation end products--soluble form and gene polymorphisms in chronic haemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is involved in the pathogenesis of vascular and inflammatory diseases. The pathological effects mediated via RAGE are physiologically inhibited by soluble RAGE (sRAGE). Our aim was to study sRAGE and RAGE gene polymorphisms in haemodialysis (HD) patients. METHODS: A total of 261 stable HD patients were enrolled in the study and prospectively followed up for 30 months. At the begining of the study, sRAGE inflammatory and nutritional parameters were determined. RAGE polymorphisms were determined in a subgroup of 214 HD patients. A group of 100 healthy controls was used for comparison. RESULTS: In HD patients, sRAGE is elevated in comparison with healthy controls (3427+/-1508 vs 1758+/-637 pg/ml, P<0.001). It correlates negatively with residual diuresis (r=-0.193, P<0.05), with the acute phase reactants fibrinogen (r=-0.174, P<0.05) and orosomucoid (r=-0.135, P<0.05) and with the leucocyte count (r=-0.158, P<0.05). On the other hand, it is not related to the presence of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, nutritional status and mortality. The highest sRAGE levels are found in -429 CC and 2184 GG polymorphisms of the RAGE gene. The same results as for sRAGE were obtained for endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE), which correlated significantly with sRAGE (r=0.88, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: We conclude that in HD patients, sRAGE is increased due to decreased renal function, which is a very strong determinant of sRAGE levels, and is inversely related to inflammation. The highest sRAGE levels are influenced genetically. In our study, sRAGE levels were not related to mortality of HD patients.     

Low molecular weight advanced glycation end products predict mortality in asymptomatic patients receiving chronic haemodialysis.

BACKGROUND: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have biological properties that may contribute to the premature cardiovascular mortality of haemodialysis patients. This study examines the hypothesis that low molecular weight forms of fluorescent AGEs (LMW fluorescence) predict mortality in haemodialysis patients. METHODS: The LMW fluorescence was measured in 85 patients treated with chronic haemodialysis and prospectively followed for 4 years. The primary outcome of all-cause mortality was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression model. RESULTS: At the end of the follow-up period 37 (44%) patients died. The median LMW fluorescence level was 24.2 arbitrary units (range: 10.6-148.1 AU) and the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve cut-off for mortality was 37.0 AU. The LMW fluorescence predicted death both as a binary variable at the ROC cut-off, and as a continuous log-transformed variable when adjusted for age, albumin and C-reactive protein (CRP). Adjusted for age, albumin and CRP, the hazard ratio for mortality was 3.05 (1.41-6.60, P = 0.005) for LMW fluorescence as a binary variable and 2.71 per log unit (1.37-5.38, P = 0.004) as a continuous log-transformed variable. CONCLUSION: The low molecular weight forms of AGEs predict mortality in patients receiving chronic haemodialysis, and may be important in the mechanisms leading to atherosclerosis and inflammation in such patients.     

Immunohistochemical detection of advanced glycation end products in human bladder with specific monoclonal antibody

Objective:   To investigate the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) in human bladder.
Methods:   Human bladder specimens were obtained from nine patients during radical cystectomy. Frozen sections were immunohistochemically analyzed by three different monoclonal anti-AGE antibodies such as anti-N^ε-(carboxymethyl)lysine (CML), anti-imidazolone and anti-pentosidine antibodies. Bladder sections were stained with these antibodies by indirect immunoperoxidase methods. Double immunohistochemical staining with one of the anti-AGE antibodies or an anti-human macrophage antibody was also carried out.
Results:   We demonstrated that CML and pentosidine were accumulated in human bladder extracellularly as well as intracellularly, whereas any accumulation of imidazolone was not observed. Double immunohistochemical staining indicated that AGE-accumulated cells in human bladder were derived from macrophages.
Conclusions:   The present study demonstrated that AGE-structures such as CML and pentosidine are accumulated extracellularly in human bladder, and were endocytosed by tissue macrophages.     

非酶糖基化终末产物抑制大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞睾酮的生成

目的:研究非酶糖基化终末产物受体(RAGE)在大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞上的表达及非酶糖基化终末产物(AGEs)对大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞睾酮合成的抑制作用。方法:原代培养大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞,RT-PCR和免疫荧光技术检测RACE在大鼠Leydig细胞上表达,不同浓度AGEs处理Leydig细胞(25、50、100、200μg/ml),ELISA法测定睾酮分泌量。结果:RT-PCR和免疫荧光结果表明RAGE在大鼠睾丸Leydig细胞上表达,不同浓度AGEs处理后,人绒毛膜促性腺激素(hCG)诱导的Leydig细胞睾酮合成量呈剂量浓度依赖性下降,与对照组相比,50、100、200μg/ml AGEs处理组差异显著(P0.01)。结论:大鼠Leydig细胞上存在RAGE受体,AGEs显著抑制原代培养大鼠Leydig细胞睾酮的分泌。     

金雀异黄素对终末糖基化产物刺激大鼠系膜细胞终末糖基化产物受体表达的影响

目的 研究金雀异黄素(Gen)对终末糖基化产物(AGEs)刺激下其系膜细胞受体(RAGE)表达的影响。方法 以AGEs刺激高糖培养的SD大鼠系膜细胞,采用细胞免疫组化法检测系膜细胞RAGE表达,逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测细胞内.RAGEmRNA水平;比色法检测细胞内丙二醛(MDA)水平。结果 AGEs刺激高糖培养的系膜细胞后RAGE表达及RAGEmRNA水平明显增加(P<0.05);MDA水平显著增加(P<0.01)。Gen能有效抑制RAGE及其:mRNA的表达,减少MDA水平,且呈时间和浓度依赖效应,以200μmol／L作用48 h效果最显著(P<0.01)。结论 体外模拟糖尿病环境下,AGEs刺激使。肾系膜细胞内RAGE高表达。Gen可以下调AGEs刺激后系膜细胞RAGE的异常表达,其可能的机制是阻断了氧化应激介导的AGEs-RAGE之间的正反馈途径,表现为细胞内MDA含量减低。