股骨头缺血坏死并髂腰肌囊扩张的影像学表现

目的　探讨髂腰肌囊扩张的CT、MRI表现 ,明确其诊断、原因及意义。资料与方法　回顾性分析具有典型影像学表现和 /或经病理或随访证实的 86例 (138髋 )成人股骨头缺血坏死患者的CT和MRI片 ,从中挑选出伴髂腰肌囊扩张者 17例 (18髋 )进行分析。结果　 18髋均为圆形、卵圆形或倒水滴状囊性肿物 ,位于髋关节囊前方 ,髂外或股动静脉后外方和髂腰肌 (腱 )内侧。MR上T1WI呈低信号 ,T2 WI呈高信号 ,T2 WI 脂肪抑制呈明显高信号。CT上为等或略低密度 ,CT值 12～ 4 5HU。 5例增强检查 ,囊壁轻度强化。Ⅱ级关节积液并髂腰肌囊扩张 12髋 ,Ⅲ级关节积液并髂腰肌囊扩张 6髋。Ⅱ级关节积液并髂腰肌囊扩张多于Ⅲ级关节积液 (P <0 .0 0 1)。结论　股骨头坏死并髂腰肌囊扩张见于股骨头缺血坏死中晚期 ,提示临床采取进一步措施     

髂腰肌囊扩张的影像学诊断

目的　探讨髂腰肌囊扩张的CT、MRI表现和诊断价值。方法　回顾性阅读经穿刺抽吸或手术病理证实的 2 3例髂腰肌囊扩张病人的CT(2 3例 )、MR(8例 )片并记录、分析各种征象。结果2 3例扩张髂腰肌囊均发生于单侧 ,出现于全部或部分髋臼层面上 ,上下范围 2 0～ 6 5cm。最大显示层面面积 (横径×纵径 )为 1 0cm× 1 0cm～ 2 8cm× 3 8cm。均为圆形、卵圆形或倒水滴状囊性肿物 ,位于髋关节囊前方 ,髂外或股动静脉外后方和髂腰肌 (腱 )内侧。 16例有髂外或股动静脉向前和(或 )向内推移 ,10例髂腰肌内侧有与该囊相应的弧形压迹。 15例表面有厚薄不一的肌束覆盖 ,自上而下逐渐变薄 ,直至消失。 3例沿髋臼或髂骨基底内侧面向上延伸并突入髂腰肌内。 8例延续到髋臼下方 ,位于耻骨肌前外侧 ,止于股骨小转子以上 ,其中 5例呈倒水滴状。CT扫描均为低密度 ,CT值为12～ 46HU。 11例显示薄层囊壁 ,其余 12例囊壁难以辨认。 7例行增强扫描 ,其中 5例囊壁呈细线样轻度强化。 8例行MR检查 ,T1WI呈低信号 ,T2 WI呈水样高信号。冠状面亦呈圆形或卵圆形 ,边缘锐利 ,沿髂腰肌 (腱 )上下走行。结论　CT、MR扫描对髂腰肌囊扩张可做出正确诊断     

髂腰肌囊扩张的超声表现及鉴别诊断

目的探讨髂腰肌囊扩张的超声表现及鉴别诊断,提高超声医师对本病的认识。方法回顾性分析经B超引导下穿刺抽吸和/或手术病理证实的30例髂腰肌囊扩张患者的超声表现。结果 30例髂腰肌囊扩张均发生于单侧,右侧21例,左侧9例,横径平均值为2.9cm(1.2~4.7cm),纵径平均值为5.7cm(3.8~7.5cm),其声像图表现为圆形,卵圆形囊性团块,囊壁薄,边界清晰,26例内透声良好,4例内见细密点状略强回声,其中2例可见条状分隔。18例腹股沟区可触及囊性肿物,21例可显示髋关节积液,18例可显示髂腰肌囊与髋关节积液相连通,3例可显示扩张髂腰肌囊向周围组织延伸。结论超声检查无创易行,便捷经济,准确可靠,可对髂腰肌囊扩张做出较为明确诊断,具有重要的诊断与鉴别诊断价值。     

髂腰肌囊扩张高频彩超误诊分析及其临床意义

目的探讨髂腰肌囊扩张高频彩超声像图特征,了解髂腰肌囊扩张的解剖学特点,提高超声医师对此病的认识。方法回顾性分析高频彩色超声诊断经CT、MRI或超声引导下穿刺抽液术证实了的19例髂腰肌囊扩张的临床资料及高频彩超声像图资料。结果 19例髂腰肌囊扩张均被高频彩超误诊为腹股沟囊肿。19例病灶均为单发,其中17例病灶位于左侧腹股沟区,2例病灶位于右侧腹股沟区,病灶大小从1.5cm×1.0cm~4.8cm×2.3cm不等。声像图均表现为典型的囊肿声像图特征:扁椭圆形、水滴形或长茄形无回声区,边界清晰,内透声佳或欠佳,部分病灶内见纤细分隔,部分病灶可见与髋关节囊相连通,病灶内未见明显血流信号,部分病灶周边可见少量点状血流信号。结论髂腰肌囊扩张具有囊肿的共性,超声扫查的敏感性较高。超声医师掌握了髂腰肌囊扩张的解剖结构,可以直接诊断髂腰肌囊扩张,为临床诊治此病及疗效随访提供帮助。     

髂腰肌囊扩张的MRI诊断

目的探讨髂腰肌囊扩张的MRI表现特征。方法回顾性分析经B超导引下穿刺抽吸和/或经手术病理或临床随访证实的具有典型MRI表现的13例髂腰肌囊扩张病人的MRI表现。结果13例扩张髂腰肌囊均发生于单侧,右侧5例,左侧8例,出现于全部或部分髋臼层面上,上下范围最大径线约为7.0cm。为圆形、卵圆形、倒水滴状或不规则分房状囊性肿物,位于髋关节囊前方,髂外或股动静脉外后方和髂腰肌(腱)内侧。MRT1WI呈低、等信号,T2WI呈水样高信号,T2WI+脂肪抑制呈明显高信号,平扫囊壁难以辨认。5例做增强扫描,3例囊壁呈线样均匀轻-中度强化,1例囊壁未见强化,1例呈厚薄不均不规则明显分房状强化,为单纯性化脓性滑膜炎病人。13例中,2例为单纯性滑膜炎症,11例伴髋关节病变。结论MRI对髂腰肌囊扩张的诊断具有重要意义。     

髂腰肌滑囊扩张的MRI诊断

目的 探讨髂腰肌滑囊扩张MRI表现和诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析经手术、穿刺或随访证实的38例髂腰肌滑囊扩张的临床和MRI资料.结果 38例(42髋)病变位于髋关节囊前方,髂腰肌(腱)内侧、外侧、后方或其肌间隙,为单房或多房状囊性肿物,最大径0.2～12.8 cm,邻近组织结构不同程度受压.39髋病变T1WI 呈低信号,T2WI呈高信号,STIR呈明显高信号;3髋滑囊内为血性积液,T1WI呈等或高信号,T2WI和STIR呈不均匀高信号.26髋病变与关节腔相通,16髋病变与关节囊相连.29例(33髋)伴髋关节病变,2例并髂腰肌病变,7例为单纯性病变.结论 MRI对髂腰肌滑囊扩张敏感性高且诊断准确.     

髂腰肌囊扩张的CT、MRI诊断

髂腰肌囊扩张可继发于滑囊炎症或多种髋关节病变,临床上以腹股沟区肿块,邻近结构受压,髋关节疼痛、功能障碍为主要表现,国内文献报道较少。CT和MRI可对其作出明确的诊断,从而可避免不必要的外科有创检查。笔者收集22例经随访复查或手术病理证实的髂腰肌囊扩张患者的CT、MRI影像     

CT诊断髂腰肌囊扩张1例报告

髂腰肌囊扩张既往因缺少检查方法 ,报道较少 ,随着CT和MRI检查的广泛应用 ,发现髂腰肌囊扩张并非少见。为提高对本病的认识 ,将我院发现 1例报告如下。患者　女 ,3 8岁。右髋关节疼痛 2 0d ,近日加重 ,有外伤史来院CT检查。“4”字实验阴性 ,右侧大转子叩痛 ,腹股沟处压痛 ,未触及明显肿物 ,试验实检查 (-)。CT扫描应用Sytec 3 0 0 0i全身CT扫描机 ,层厚 3～ 5mm ,层间距 3～ 5mm连续扫描。CT检查 :显示右髋关节前髂腰肌内可见一 7.0 9mm× 2 .0 7mm的圆形低密度影 ,CT值为 16.0HU ,周围可见完整的囊壁 ,周围血管被推移 (图 1)。CT…     

髂腰肌囊扩张的CT诊断

目地探讨髂腰肌囊扩张的CT表现、诊断价值和发病机制。     

强直性脊柱炎骶髂关节病变的CT诊断

目的：探讨CT对强直性脊柱炎（AS）患骶髂关节病变的早期诊断价值。方法：收集33例AS患的临床及CT资料进行分析。 参考相关献将骶髂关节病变分为：0、Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级。结果：33例AS患的64个骶髂关节受累，其中双侧受累31例，单侧2例。2个骶髂关节表现正常为0级；19个关节表现为轻度受侵破坏，关节面模糊，骨质疏松定为I级；22个关节表现为明显破坏，关节面呈锯齿状或串珠状参差不齐或皮质中断，关节面下可见囊状吸收区，周围骨硬化，关节间隙假性增宽定为Ⅱ级；23个关节表现为关节强直，关节间隙变窄，可见骨小梁通过关节，严重关节呈骨性融合定为Ⅲ级.结论：根据骶髂关节的CT表现，结合临床资料，可准确诊断早期AS。     

MR and CT appearance of iliopsoas bursal distention secondary to diseased hips

Occasionally hip joint disease may extend into surrounding structures, including the retroperitoneum, via the iliopsoas bursa. The enlargement of this bursa may present as an inguinal or pelvic mass that may affect other surrounding structures and can result in a multitude of clinical presentations. The two cases presented herein of iliopsoas bursa distention secondary to hip disease demonstrate the excellent specificity of CT and magnetic resonance in differentiating this clinical entity from other causes of groin masses.     

Imaging features of iliopsoas bursitis

The aim of this study was firstly to describe the spectrum of imaging findings seen in iliopsoas bursitis, and secondly to compare cross-sectional imaging techniques in the demonstration of the extent, size and appearance of the iliopsoas bursitis as referenced by surgery. Imaging studies of 18 patients (13 women, 5 men; mean age 53 years) with surgically proven iliopsoas bursitis were reviewed. All patients received conventional radiographs of the pelvis and hip, US and MR imaging of the hip. The CT was performed in 5 of the 18 patients. Ultrasound, CT and MR all demonstrated enlarged iliopsoas bursae. The bursal wall was thin and well defined in 83% and thickened in 17% of all cases. The two cases with septations on US were not seen by CT and MRI. A communication between the bursa and the hip joint was seen, and surgically verified, in all 18 patients by MR imaging, whereas US and CT failed to demonstrate it in 44 and 40% of the cases, respectively. Hip joint effusion was seen and verified by surgery in 16 patients by MRI, whereas CT (4 of 5) and US ( n=12) underestimated the number. The overall size of the bursa corresponded best between MRI and surgery, whereas CT and US tended to underestimate the size. Contrast enhancement of the bursal wall was seen in all cases. The imaging characteristics of iliopsoas bursitis are a well-defined, thin-walled cystic mass with a communication to the hip joint and peripheral contrast enhancement. The most accurate way to assess iliopsoas bursitis is with MR imaging; thus, it should be used for accurate therapy planning and follow-up studies. In order to initially prove an iliopsoas bursitis, US is the most cost-effective, easy-to-perform and fast alternative.     

肌肉淋巴瘤的CT表现

目的：分析肌肉淋巴瘤的CT表现，了解其影像特点。资料与方法：回顾性分析经组织学或临床随诊证实的11例肌肉淋巴瘤的CT表现。非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）9例，霍奇金淋巴瘤（HD）2例。9例行CT增强扫描，2例行CT平扫。结果：1例为单块肌肉受累，其余10例均为多处肌肉同时受累，其中8例为多处相连肌肉受累，2例为多处不相连肌肉受累。受累部位：髂腰肌7例，腰大肌5例，髂肌4例，腰方肌、闭孔内肌、腹壁肌肉各3例，肋间肌、背阔肌、梨状肌、臀肌各2例，胸肌、胸锁乳突肌各1例。病变形态：肌肉弥漫增大11例，肿块、多个结节融合各1例。平扫2例，病变密度与正常肌肉相似，1例均匀，另1例不均匀，内部见不规则片状低密度区。增强扫描9例，病变密度等于正常肌肉7例，轻度高于正常肌肉3例，明显高于正常肌肉1例；密度均匀4例，不均匀6例；病变内部见不规则片状密度区6例，点状钙化1例。结论：肌肉淋巴瘤的CT表现特点多为肌肉弥漫增大，常多处肌肉同时受累。平扫密度与正常肌肉相似，增强扫描可等于、轻度高于或明显高于正常肌肉。     

Bursae and abscess cavities communicating with the hip. Diagnosis using arthrography and CT

Bursae or abscess cavities communicating with the hip joint were demonstrated by hip arthrography or by computed tomography (CT) in 40 cases. The bursae or abscess cavities were associated with underlying abnormalities in the hip, including painful hip prostheses, infection, and inflammatory or degenerative arthritis. Structures communicating with the joint capsule included iliopsoas bursae (13 cases), bursae associated with the greater trochanter (21 cases), ischiotrochanteric bursae created by abnormal articulation between the ischium and lesser trochanter (two cases), and abscess cavities not associated with a bursa (four cases). Symptoms may be produced directly as a result of infection or indirectly as a result of inflammation or pressure on adjacent structures. In cases of suspected infection, direct puncture and aspiration of the bursa or abscess cavity, in addition to joint aspiration, may be necessary to obtain organisms for culture as joint aspiration may not yield fluid. Hip arthrography can confirm a diagnosis of bursae and abscess cavities communicating with the hip joint in patients with hip pain or soft-tissue masses around the groin. Differentiation of enlarged bursae from other abnormalities is important to avoid unnecessary or incorrect surgery.     

Surgical correction of internal coxa saltans: a 20-year consecutive study

PURPOSE: To report the complications associated with surgical correction of internal snapping hip. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: A review of 92 cases of internal coxa saltans (12 bilateral) from 1982 to 2002 was performed to identify complications following primary surgical correction. An inguinal approach was used for iliopsoas tendon fractional lengthening. The average follow-up time per patient was 5.4 years. RESULTS: A total of 40 complications occurred in 32 patients. Complications included persistent hip pain (n = 6), sensory deficit (n = 8), and hip flexor weakness persisting longer than 1 month (n = 3). Additionally, painful bursa formation (n = 1), hematoma requiring reexploration (n = 1), and superficial infection (n = 1) were noted. Some patients developed recurrent snapping after a 3-month snapping-free interval (n = 9), and some patients never had complete resolution of snapping and were considered failures (n = 11). Of these failures/recurrences, 8 patients had a second tenotomy with 4 failures. Two had a third tenotomy, with 1 failure. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, primary iliopsoas tendon lengthening in patients with internal coxa saltans was without any complication in only 60% of patients; however, overall patient satisfaction was 89%.     

儿童甲状腺肿瘤的CT诊断

目的 探讨儿童甲状腺肿瘤的CT表现。资料与方法 对12例经手术及病理证实的儿童甲状腺肿瘤进行回顾性分析。其中甲状腺腺瘤9例，甲状腺癌2例，淋巴瘤1例。结果 甲状腺腺瘤中囊实性4例，实性5例。其中l例实性甲状腺腺瘤伴桥本甲状腺炎，表现为弥漫性甲状腺组织内-稍高密度肿块影，增强后明显强化；其余8例平扫为低于甲状腺组织的低密度肿块，均无钙化，增强扫描后呈均匀或不均匀明显强化。甲状腺癌2例均为弥漫性的肿块，增强前后密度极不均匀，与周围组织分界不清，并伴有颈部淋巴结增大。淋巴瘤1例，为局限性均匀低密度影，占位较明显，增强后强化明显。结论 CT有助于诊断儿童甲状腺肿瘤，为临床提供早期诊断。     

Synovial cysts of unusual localization. 2 cases and review of the literature

Two patients with true synovial cysts in atypical sites (internal compartment of knee and inguinal hollow) were investigated by radioarthrography, ultrasound and computed tomography imaging. The cyst in the hip region originated from a dilated serous bursa of the iliopsoas muscle that did not communicate or was no longer in communication with the joint. In contrast, the cyst of the knee appeared to be a lateral synovial capsule hernia. Positive diagnosis in both cases was dependent on combined ultrasound-CT scan imaging, this eliminating a tumor (sarcoma) of soft tissues. However, affirmation of the synovial origin (mesothelial covering of the wall) of the lesion was obtained by histology only, this allowing differentiation from a "capsular" (fibrous wall) cyst, which probably provokes similar ultrasound and CT scan images.     

成人股骨头缺血坏死关节囊(腔)异常CT研究

目的探讨成人股骨头缺血坏死关节囊(腔)异常的出现率、发病机制和CT表现。材料与方法回顾性分析具有典型X线和CT表现或/和经病理或随访证实的138例成人ANFH病人的CT片,从中挑选出伴关节囊(腔)异常者进行分析。结果45个出现关节积液和其他关节囊(腔)异常,包括钙质样高密度游离体(6个),关节囊肥厚(15个),关节囊钙化(5个)和髂腰肌囊扩张(7个)。所有45个关节的股骨头均已发生塌陷。结论股骨头塌陷后,股骨头外移、应力改变和对髋关节囊的异常牵拉,是成人股骨头缺血坏死关节囊(腔)异常的主要原因。不同关节囊(腔)异常具有不同的发生率和CT表现。     

Primary synovial osteochondromatosis of the hip: extracapsular patterns of spread

Objective To identify patterns of extracapsular extension of synovial osteochondromatosis of the hip.Design and patients Seven cases of synovial osteochondromatosis of the hip were retrospectively reviewed. Imaging performed included conventional radiography (n=7), arthrography (n=1), CT (n=3) and MR imaging (n=3). Disease extent on imaging was assessed for each patient and the presence of intra-articular effusion, capsular abnormality and osteochondral bodies recorded. The presence and distribution of extra-articular spread was also assessed and correlated with the surgical findings. In all cases diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy, with all patients undergoing tumor resection with or without synovectomy.Results In five cases (5/7) disease extended beyond the hip capsule, while the remaining two cases (2/7) were confined to the hip joint. These findings were confirmed at surgery. Two distinct patterns of extracapsular spread were identified. The first pattern, noted in three cases, involved tumor extension along iliopsoas. The second pattern, noted in five cases, involved tumor extension along the obturator externus fat plane. In three cases both patterns were present.Conclusions Extra-articular spread of synovial osteochondromatosis is common. Patterns of extra-articular spread may be predictable based on involvement of recognized periarticular bursae of the hip joint. Bursal patterns of extra-articular spread include extension into the iliopsoas bursa as well as communication along the obturator externus bursa of the hip.