体外研究整合素α5对小鼠胚泡着床的作用

目的　在人蜕膜细胞与小鼠胚泡共培养过程中 ,研究整合素α5(integrinα5)在小鼠胚泡着床中的作用 ,分析其作用机制。　方法　利用人蜕膜细胞与小鼠胚泡共培养模型 ,模拟胚泡在体内的着床过程 ,加入integrinα5抗体及其配体纤粘连蛋白 (FN)抗体 ,对胚泡的粘附、外延生长、着床率进行形态学观察和统计学分析。　结果　人子宫蜕膜经分离纯化后 ,检测活细胞比例 >92 % ,贴壁的蜕膜细胞比例 >95 % ,小鼠胚泡可在蜕膜上粘附、生长 ;integrinα5抗体及配体FN的抗体均能抑制小鼠胚泡的侵入、外延生长 ,但不抑制胚泡的孵出和粘附。　结论　建立了小鼠体外着床模型 :integrinα5在着床中促进小鼠胚泡的侵入与铺展 ,但对胚泡孵出、子宫内膜的识别与粘附不产生影响。     

T淋巴细胞侵袭转移诱导蛋白1在小鼠子宫内膜基质细胞-胚泡共培养体系中对胚泡黏附的影响

目的:检测不同浓度T淋巴细胞侵袭转移诱导蛋白1 (Tiaml)抗体下,小鼠着床窗子宫内膜基质细胞内的Tiaml蛋白表达及其对基质细胞-胚泡共培养体系中胚泡黏附的影响,探讨Tiaml对小鼠胚胎着床的影响.方法:提取着床窗小鼠子宫内膜基质细胞并构建基质细胞-胚泡共培养体系;分别用免疫细胞化学和免疫印迹法检测不同浓度抗Tiaml抗体时着床窗基质细胞Tiaml蛋白的表达及其对胚泡黏附的影响.结果:抗体干预后着床窗基质细胞内的Tiaml蛋白表达水平降低;在不同抗体浓度下胚泡黏附率有差异.结论:随Tiaml抗体浓度增加,着床窗小鼠子宫内膜基质细胞Tiaml蛋白表达量及胚泡黏附率降低.表明Tiarnl可能在胚泡植入过程起重要的作用.     

围着床期小鼠胚卵L-选择素的表达变化及作用

目的 探讨围着床期小鼠胚卵L-选择素的表达规律及其对胚胎着床的影响.方法 1.分别采用实时荧光定量PCR(FQ-PCR)和免疫荧光组织化学方法检测围着床期小鼠胚卵L-选择素mRNA和蛋白的表达,并用免疫荧光组织化学方法检测L-选择素在细胞的定位;2.用子宫角内抗体干预的方法观察并统计小鼠着床胚胎数.结果 1.随着胚卵分化成熟,L-选择素mRNA和蛋白表达均呈逐渐增加趋势,胚泡期表达最强(P<0.05).L-选择素在单细胞期和4细胞期有少量表达,桑椹胚周边区L-选择素表达显著增强,胚泡滋养层L-选择素表达最强.2.小鼠子宫角实验侧(经抗L-选择素单克隆抗体干预)胚胎着床数较对照侧(经等体积生理盐水干预)明显减少(P<0.05).结论 胚卵可能通过L-选择素信号转导途径及其与子宫内膜的糖蛋白受体结合参与胚胎着床.     

检测IL-8的ELISA间接夹心法的建立

利用抗IL-8的单克隆抗体4C3(包被抗体)和免抗IL-8多克隆抗体(第二抗体)建立了检测IL-8的间接夹心法ELISA,当包被抗体浓度为0.5μg/ml、第二抗体浓度为2μg/ml时,其检测下限可达1ng/ml。初步应用此法在部分感染病人血清中检测到明显高于正常人水平的IL-8。     

细胞粘附分子与胚胎着床

细胞粘附分子(cell adhesion molecules,cAMs)是指由细胞合成,可存在于细胞内、细胞膜或细胞外,能促进细胞粘附的一大类分子的总称.主要包括免疫球蛋白超家族、整合素家族、细胞外基质(整合素的配体)、钙调素家族、选择素家族和近年来新发现的几种细胞粘附分子:trophinin、tastin、bystin.cAMs介导细胞与细胞、细胞与细胞外基质的相互作用,传递细胞间信息,参与胚胎发育,免疫应答,恶性肿瘤转移等一系列生理及病理过程.近几年研究发现,在女性子宫内膜,胚泡均有多种cAMs的表达,有的呈周期性变化,并与子宫内膜"着床窗"开放同步,与子宫内膜发育到"接受性"状态及胚泡的滋养层细胞发育到"浸润性"状态密切相关.本文着重对细胞粘附分子在子宫内膜及胚胎滋养层中的表达及其在胚胎着床过程中发挥的重要作用作一综述.     

烟碱对大鼠脑微循环中白细胞运动的影响

目的 :观察烟碱对大鼠脑微循环中白细胞运动状态的影响。方法 :采用围堤式颅窗直视大鼠大脑软脑膜微循环 ,若丹明 6G标记循环血白细胞 ,微循环仪观察软脑膜微血管 (直径 2 5～ 40 μm ,长度 10 0μm)内白细胞的运动状态。结果 :烟碱能浓度依赖性的运动大鼠脑微血管内白细胞在内皮表面的滚动和粘附 ,预先皮下注射烟碱受体拮抗剂美加明可使滚动和粘附的白细胞分别降至 14 .2± 1.1个和 1.3± 0 .7个 (对照组为 10 .2± 1.2个 )。抗E 选择素单抗能明显阻断烟碱依赖所至的白细胞滚动 ,使滚动白细胞数目从 14 .2± 1.7个减为 2 .8± 0 .8个 ,而抗αvβ3整合素抗体能使粘附的白细胞数目从 10 .6± 1.0个降至 3 .8± 1.3个。结论 :烟碱可改变大鼠脑膜微循环中白细胞的运动状态 ,使白细胞在血管内皮表面滚动或粘附于其表面 ;烟碱的作用与激活脑烟碱受体有关 ;E 选择素介导烟碱引起的白细胞滚动 ,而αvβ3整合素则与烟碱引起的白细胞与血管内皮的粘附有关。     

骨桥蛋白对小鼠胚泡黏附和扩展的影响及其机制

目的 探讨骨桥蛋白(OPN)对小鼠胚泡黏附、扩展的影响及机制. 方法 采用纤维蛋白铺板微滴培养法培养胚胎,观察并统计重组小鼠OPN(rmOPN)、OPN抗体及精氨酸-甘氨酸-天冬氨酸多肽(RGD)对胚泡的脱带、黏附和扩展的影响;采用24孔板培养胚胎,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测胚泡培养液基质金属蛋白酶2和9(MMP-2、-9)的浓度. 结果不同浓度的OPN组间胚泡的脱带率、黏附率与对照组相比无显著性差异(P>0.05);但1.0 mg/L和10.0 mg/L OPN组可促进小鼠胚泡提前扩展,72h囊胚扩展率与对照组相比差异有显著性,10.0 mg/L组72h的扩展率显著高于OPN 0.1 mg/L组(P<0.05).OPN抗体和RGD均显著抑制胚泡的脱带、黏附和扩展,与对照组相比,差异有显著性,且随着浓度的增加,抑制作用越明显.OPN促进胚泡分泌MMP-2及MMP-9,且存在时间和剂量依赖性. 结论 OPN在体外可通过促进小鼠胚泡的扩展和分泌MMP-2、-9来调节小鼠早期胚泡着床.     

抗原捕获ELISA检测卡波济肉瘤相关疱疹病毒的方法建立

目的 建立检测卡波济肉瘤相关疱疹病毒(KSHV)的抗原捕获ELISA方法,初步探讨其临床应用的可行性. 方法 以纯化的抗gpK8.1单克隆抗体(McAb)和多克隆抗体(PcAb)配对作为包被抗体和检测抗体,建立和优化抗原捕获ELISA检测方法,评价其敏感性、特异性和重复性,并初步用于3例已知KSHV阳性血清和257例临床血清样品中抗原的检测. 结果 包被的McAb浓度为5μg/ml、检测抗体浓度为1.6 μg/ml时,P/N值最高,检测的敏感度为31.28 ng/ml,且与EB病毒(ESV)、单纯疱疹病毒1型(HSV-1)、单纯疱疹病毒2型(HSV-2)等抗原无交叉反应,特异性高.检测3例KSHV阳性患者血清均为阳性,在257例临床血清样品中,4例捕获到KSHV抗原. 结论 建立了检测KSHV的抗原捕获ELISA方法,为可能的KSHV检测试剂研制提供重要实验依据.     

HOXa-10基因在小鼠胚胎着床过程中的作用

目的探讨HOXa-10基因在小鼠胚胎着床过程中的作用。方法应用实时荧光定量PCR(FQ-PCR)分别检测未孕及早孕小鼠第1、2、3、4、57、d HOXa-10基因表达量的变化规律;同时用可以持续表达HOXa-10的DNA/脂质体复合物质粒和HOXa-10反义寡脱氧核糖核酸分别转染到受孕2d小鼠子宫角内,观察胚泡着床数。结果FQ-PCR结果显示,随着小鼠妊娠天数的增加,HOXa-10基因表达量也逐渐增高,在孕4d达到峰值,孕5d开始下降,孕7d时表达量已接近未孕状态;在用HOXa-10 DNA质粒/脂质体转染孕2d小鼠子宫角后,小鼠的胚泡着床数明显增加;用HOXa-10反义寡脱氧核糖核酸/脂质体转染孕2d小鼠子宫角后,小鼠的胚泡着床数明显减少(P<0.05)。结论在胚泡植入窗口期,子宫内膜HOXa-10基因表达上调,其可能参与了胚泡着床过程。     

C-肽化学发光免疫分析方法学研究

目的：建立人血清C-肽化学发光免疫分析法。方法：采用两株高特异的抗C-肽单克隆抗体，以一株包被微孔板制成固相抗体，另一株标记碱性磷酸酶，以金刚烷衍生物为底物，双抗体夹心法测定人血清C-肽浓度。结果：以5μg/ml单克隆抗体包被微孔板，酶结合物以1：5000稀释，在C-肽浓度0．1～15ng／ml范围内线性良好，线性方程为y=0．9575x-0．0869，相关系数0．99；灵敏度为0．01ng／ml，批内、批间变异系数分别为5．8％、8．4％；平均回收率98．4％，范围91．5％～105．0％。结论：文中建立的人血清C-肽化学发光免疫分析法，首次建立小分子人血清C-肽双抗体夹心化学发光免疫法测定。线性好，灵敏度较常规高出一个数量级，准确度和精密性高，能够满足一般临床诊断和科研的应用。     

纳米水平分子成像与诊疗一体化研究进展与挑战

分子成像能以非侵入性的方式重现活体细胞的生理功能和生物学过程,提高疾病的早期和特异性诊断水平。纳米颗粒/材料具有物理性质可控性高、易于表面修饰、血液循环时间长和可功能化等优点,在疾病诊断与治疗中显示出巨大潜力。但如何阐明纳米材料多功能间的内在联系、解决其代谢及安全性等关键机制难题、实现纳米颗粒/材料多功能性到临床多功能...     

Association between functional alterations of senescence and senility and disorders of gait and balance

OBJECTIVES:

Declines in cognition and mobility are frequently observed in the elderly, and it has been suggested that the appearance of gait disorders in older individuals may constitute a marker of cognitive decline that precedes significant findings in functional performance screening tests. This study sought to evaluate the relationship between functional capacities and gait and balance in an elderly community monitored by the Preventive and Integrated Care Unit of the Hospital Adventista Silvestre in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

METHODS:

Elderly individuals (193 females and 90 males) were submitted to a broad geriatric evaluation, which included the following tests: 1) a performance-oriented mobility assessment (POMA) to evaluate gait; 2) a mini-mental state examination (MMSE); 3) the use of Katz and Lawton scales to assess functional capacity; 4) the application of the geriatric depression scale (GDS); and 5) a mini-nutritional assessment (MNA) scale.

RESULTS:

Reductions in MMSE, Katz and Lawton scores were associated with reductions in POMA scores, and we also observed that significant reductions in POMA scores were present in persons for whom the MMSE and Katz scores did not clearly indicate cognitive dysfunction. We also demonstrated that a decline in the scores obtained with the GDS and MNA scales was associated with a decline in the POMA scores.

CONCLUSIONS:

Considering that significant alterations in the POMA scores were observed prior to the identification of significant alterations in cognitive capacity using either the MMSE or the Katz systems, a prospective study seems warranted to assess the predictive capacity of POMA scores regarding the associated decline in functional capacity.     

男性乳腺发育症临床病理分析及雌,孕激素受体检测

对１１３例男性乳腺发育症进行临床病理分析。同时检测其中３０例乳腺组织中雌激素受体和孕激素受体分布情况，结果发现两者阳性率分别为８０．０％和８３．３３％。结合文献讨论了男性乳腺发育症的发生与高血清激素浓度及乳腺组织高受体水平的关系。     

Alterations of regular and mature monocytes are distinct,and dependent of intensity and duration of exercise

Circulating monocytes comprise functionally distinct regular (CD14^bright+) and mature (CD141^low+) cells. Cell surface receptors were determined by three colour flow cytometry in 8 healthy control subjects. Compared to regular monocytes, mature monocytes had lower levels of the high affinity Fcy receptor 1 (CD64), complement receptor 3 (CDllb), CD45RO and higher levels for HLA-DR, LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18), interleukin-2 receptor (CD25), CD45RA and the Fc receptor 3 (CD16). Both regular and mature monocytes were measured before and up to three hours after four different types of exercise (Ex) in endurance trained athletes (n=9-16). Immediately after anaerobic exercise of I min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of I2.3 (SD I.4) mmol · l^–1 and exhaustive exercise of 24 (SD 8) min with a maximal lactate concentration (la_max) of 7.4 (SD 2.6) mmol· l^–1 mature monocytes increased more than regular monocytes. Exhaustive endurance exercise of 87 (SD 21) min [la_max 3.7 (SD I.0)] led to a similar increase of regular and mature monocytes. 15–33 min after a 100km run regular monocytes increased significantly, whereas mature monocytes decreased. Up to three hours after the end of all exercises mature monocytes fell below pre-exercise values. In conclusion, duration and intensity of exercise alter distinct maturation stages of monocytes differently. It is probable that the avidity of adhesion molecules like LFA-1 to their endothelial ligands is increased to enable the firm attachment to the endothelium.     

Triptorelin and cetrorelix induce immune responses and affect uterine development and expressions of genes and proteins of ESR1, LHR,and FSHR of mice

Context: GnRH immunity can reduce the expression of pituitary GnRH levels, and cause the changes in reproductive behaviors. It is unclear whether triptorelin (TRI) and cetrorelix (CET) immunity influences uterine development and expression of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR), luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR), and estradiol receptor 1 (ERS1) in the uterus.

Objective: The study investigated the effects of active immunity of GnRH agonist and antagonist on uterine development, microstructures, expression of hormone receptors mRNAs, and proteins in uteri.

Materials and methods: One hundred and five mice were assigned into CET, TRI, and control groups (CG). Mice in CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 (n?=?15) were subcutaneously injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg CET antigens for seven days, respectively. Mice in TRI-1, TRI-2, and TRI-3 were injected with 10, 20, and 40?μg TRI antigens for seven days, respectively. The qPCR and Western blot were implemented to determine expressions of ESR1, LHR and FSHR mRNAs, and proteins.

Results: Compared with CG, the uterine weights of CET-1, CET-2, and CET-3 increased by 42.86, 62.86, and 10.00% on day 35 (p?p?p?p?p?Conclusions: CET immunity promoted the uterine development, improved EET and UWT, and also promoted the expressions of ESR1 and FSHR protein levels. It lessened the LHR protein levels. TRI immunity blocked EET and UWT, inhibited uterine growth and development. The efficacy of CET immunity was more obvious than TRI.     

韧带和肌腱的生物力学和力学生物学研究

国际韧带和肌腱研讨会(The International Symposium on Ligaments and Tendons,ISI&T)于2000年在美国佛罗里达州奥兰多市首次召开。研讨会的宗旨是引起对韧带和肌腱研究的重视,并为生物工程师、生物学家、临床医师提供一个可以分享、评论、讨论韧带和肌腱最新研究成果的论坛。从2000年起,国际韧带和肌腱研讨会已经开展了15届;每届研讨会上涌现了大量令人振奋的关于当前韧带和肌腱研究热点和未来挑战的讨论。多年来,韧带和肌腱领域内的研究数量大幅增加,研究质量不断提升。为纪念《医用生物力学》杂志创刊30周年,本文总结过去30年里韧带和肌腱研究的主要进展,包括组织力学、力学生物学、损伤与治愈机制、组织修复和再生。     

Morphology and cytochemistry of leucocytes and thrombocytes of six species of fish

Cytochemical reactions of blood leucocytes and thrombocytes from six species of fish, rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss), coho salmon (Onchorhynchus kisutch), white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus), goldfish (Carassius auratus), striped bass (Morone saxatulis), and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were determined. Because the staining reactions were generally similar to the reactions found in mammalian leucocytes with similar morphological features, it is reasonable to classify fish leucocytes using the same terminology as is used for mammalian leucocytes. However, in some species leucocytes with features similar to mammalian eosinophils or basophils were not found. In goldfish leucocytes were found that had segmented nuclei and unstained, moderately refractile cytoplasmic granules. These cells were classified as segmented, granular leucocytes. Although these cells do not appear similar to any mammalian or avian leucocyte, the pattern of positive cytoplasmic alkaline phosphatase staining and negative granular staining is similar to that of equine eosinophils.     

Pathology and genetics of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma

Phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PHEO/PGL) are rare tumours with an estimated annual incidence of 3 per million. Advances in molecular understanding have led to the recognition that at least 30–40% arise in the setting of hereditary disease. Germline mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase genes SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD and SDHAF2 are the most prevalent of the more than 19 hereditary genetic abnormalities which have been reported. It is therefore recommended that, depending on local resources and availability, at least some degree of genetic testing should be offered to all PHEO/PGL patients, including those with clinically sporadic disease. It is now accepted that that all PHEO/PGL have some metastatic potential; therefore, concepts of benign and malignant PHEO/PGL have no meaning and have been replaced by a risk stratification approach. Although there is broad acceptance that certain features, including high proliferative activity, invasive growth, increased cellularity, large tumour nests and comedonecrosis, are associated with an increased risk of metastasis, it remains difficult to predict the clinical behaviour of individual tumours and no single risk stratification scheme is endorsed or in widespread use. In this review, we provide an update on advances in the pathology and genetics of PHEO/PGL with an emphasis on the changes introduced in the WHO 2017 classification of endocrine neoplasia relevant to practising surgical pathologists.     

壬基酚与卵清蛋白的结合与鉴定

目的：合成壬基酚与卵清蛋白的偶联物。方法：在磷酸盐（PBS，pH=8．0）缓冲液中利用甲醛通过曼尼希反应连接壬基酚与卵清蛋白（OVA）；通过抗体芯片技术与紫外扫描鉴定偶联物。结果：壬基酚与OVA偶联成功，壬基酚单克隆抗体对偶联物的识别浓度小于2．68μg／ml。结论：本方法可用于壬基酚与卵清蛋白的偶联，且方法简单易实现。