颅内动脉溶栓联合机械碎栓治疗急性脑梗死患者的护理

对9例急性脑梗死患者实施动脉内尿激酶溶栓联合机械性碎栓介入治疗。结果基本治愈5例,显效2例,有效1例,无效1例。提出超选择局域性动脉内尿激酶溶栓联合机械碎栓治疗6h内急性脑梗死,能使闭塞的血管尽快开通;建立溶栓患者绿色通道,积极为溶栓争取时间,术后严密观察病情变化,积极发现及预防并发症,做好心理护理是其护理重点。     

急性椎基底动脉闭塞血管内介入治疗的疗效分析

目的 探讨血管内介入治疗急性椎基底动脉闭塞的效果及影响因素。方法 惠州市第一人民医院于2013-01—2016-12间采用血管内介入疗法治疗急性椎基底动脉闭塞患者共13例,其中尿激酶动脉溶栓+碎栓3例,溶栓+碎栓+Solitaire支架拉栓10例,必要时进行球囊扩张血管狭窄处。回顾性分析患者的临床资料、即时取栓效果、疗效,总结并发症的预防经验。结果 术后即刻造影及复查头颅CT显示,血管完全再通10例,部分再通2例,未再通1例,再通率为92%。术后复查CT显示无脑出血病例,较大面积脑干梗死5例。良好功能恢复(MRS评分0~2分)6例,中度残疾(MRS评分3分)2例,严重功能障碍(MRS评分4~5分)3例,死亡1例。结论 血管内介入治疗急性椎基底动脉血栓形成,血管再通率高,安全、有效,部分患者预后良好。     

硬脑膜静脉窦血栓诊治分析

目的观察经静脉窦机械碎栓、尿激酶局部血管内溶栓治疗颅内静脉窦血栓形成的疗效。方法回顾性分析比较全身肝素化常规治疗方法治疗10例患者,与血管内治疗方法即经静脉窦机械碎栓、尿激酶局部血管内溶栓的方法治疗14例硬脑膜静脉窦血栓患者的治疗效果。结果血管内治疗组平均住院16天,其中11例痊愈（颅内压转正常、无神经功能障碍）,3例好转（颅内压仍高,但较前有降低）;全身肝素化常规治疗组平均住院28天,5例临床症状改善,3例无变化,1例加重后转本院行血管内溶栓,死亡2例。结论经静脉窦机械碎栓、尿激酶局部血管内溶栓治疗颅内静脉窦血栓形成临床疗效确切、安全可靠。     

急性脑梗死动脉内溶栓治疗致靶血管早期再闭塞的若干问题探讨

目的探讨局部动脉内溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑梗死致靶血管早期再闭塞的可能性、时间及其相应处理措施。方法217例急性缺血性脑梗死患者应用尿激酶或爱通立(rt-PA)行局部动脉内溶栓治疗,发生靶血管早期再闭塞3例(1.38%)。结果颈内动脉末端、大脑中动脉、基底动脉各1例;重度伤残1例,死亡2例。结论急性脑梗死动脉内溶栓治疗过程中可并发靶血管的早期再闭塞,可能与溶栓后破碎栓子、斑块随血流移位栓塞远端的血管及局部的血栓再形成有关,靶血管早期再闭塞有较高的死亡率。     

动脉内溶栓治疗36例急性缺血性脑梗死临床分析

目的探讨急性脑梗死行局部动脉内溶栓治疗的临床疗效及安全性。方法选择36例起病至溶栓时间在4～24h之内的急性缺血性脑梗死患者,经股动脉插管行全脑血管造影术发现闭塞血管后,用注射泵缓慢注射尿激酶行局部溶栓治疗,并通过导引导管造影,了解闭塞再通情况。结果36例中治愈16例,显效13例,有效6例,无效1例,显效率80.5%,总有效率97.2%。结论动脉插管接触性溶栓治疗急性脑梗死疗效确切,是治疗脑梗死有效的治疗手段。     

动脉内溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑梗死:时间窗选择

目的 评价尿激酶动脉内溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的安全性和疗效。方法217例急性脑梗死患者接受动脉内尿激酶溶栓治疗，患者发病时间3～36h，6h以内23例(10．6％)。结果脑血管造影示颈内动脉系统闭塞119例(54．83％)，椎基动脉系统闭塞43例(19．82％)；无血管闭塞55例(25．35％)。溶栓后成功再通103例(63．58％)，不成功再通59例(36．42％)。3个月后恢复良好56例(25．80％)，轻度伤残51例(23．50％)，重度伤残59例(27．19％)，植物状态22例(10．14％)，死亡29例(13．36％)。并发颅内出血8例(3．69％)、再灌注损伤73例(33．64％)、再栓塞6例(2．76％)。结论经动脉尿激酶溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑梗死安全有效；急性脑梗死溶栓治疗时间窗可适当延长。     

急性下肢动脉栓塞24例综合治疗体会

目的观察综合治疗法治疗急性下肢动脉栓塞的疗效。方法回顾性分析24例急性下肢动脉栓塞患者用Fogarty导管取栓并术中尿激酶动脉内灌注,术后抗凝、溶栓治疗的临床资料。结果综合治疗后21例治愈,2例好转,1例截肢,无死亡。结论该疗法是目前治疗急性下肢动脉栓塞的有效方法,患者的预后与就诊时间及手术时机密切相关。     

急性下肢动脉缺血溶栓治疗的临床研究

目的 总结溶栓治疗对急性下肢动脉缺血的疗效及其安全性.方法 回顾性分析2009年1月～201 1年12月收治43例急性下肢动脉缺血患者的临床资料,均进行动脉腔内溶栓治疗,其中27例进行导管直接溶栓,6例导管直接溶栓前行血管内球囊扩张,7例导管直接溶栓后进行血管内球囊扩张和支架置入,溶栓前后均进行球囊扩张有3例.腔内溶栓治疗无效转而手术取栓13例.结果 30例(69.8％)患者血管再通及肢体保存,但其中1例因出血并发症死亡,发生脑梗死1例.8例(18.6％)截肢,均为移植物血栓形成.1例肢体坏死但未行截肢.4例溶栓无效但肢体未坏死而最终采取药物保守治疗.结论 溶栓治疗对急性下肢动脉缺血总体安全有效,可优先考虑,根据病情的需要采取综合治疗方案.     

下肢动脉栓塞症的腔内治疗

目的 探讨腔内介入治疗下肢动脉栓塞(lower extremity arteries embolism,LEAE)的方法、疗效及安全性.方法 回顾性分析29例LEAE患者的临床及影像资料.结果 29例均经导管抽吸出血栓.其中股、腘、胫前动脉及胫腓干栓塞分别为23、2、3、1例.单纯导管抽栓治疗17例,导管抽栓+尿激酶溶栓治疗9例,导管抽栓+球囊扩张治疗2例,导管抽栓+支架治疗1例.29例患者均顺利开通栓塞动脉,但9例抽栓后破碎的小栓子脱落栓塞远端血管或远端血管血栓形成,采用抽栓联合尿激酶溶栓治疗后,4例完全开通栓塞的远端血管,3例部分开通栓塞远端血管,2例溶栓后远端血管仍不能开通,但侧支循环较前明显增多.随访(18±4)个月,23例患者下肢缺血症状完全消失,5例患者栓塞侧足部皮温降低、肤色苍白、末梢血运差,1例截肢治疗.结论 腔内介入治疗下肢动脉栓塞具有微创、安全的特点,在行造影的同时,可进行腔内介入治疗,可降低患肢缺血、坏死的发生率.     

腔内治疗与静脉溶栓救治急性肺栓塞的近期效果比较

目的 对比静脉溶栓与腔内治疗急性肺栓塞的近期效果. 方法 回顾性分析2018年7月～ 2020年9月我院68例急性肺栓塞资料.在抗凝治疗的基础上,联合静脉溶栓38例,采用低分子肝素抗凝、静脉阿替普酶溶栓;联合腔内治疗30例,采用抽吸取栓、导管碎栓、局部溶栓的综合治疗.比较2组治疗效果、死亡率及并发症. 结果 腔内治疗组...     

Body composition assessment and methodology in nonathletic and athletic adolescent and adult males and females

The purpose of this review is to outline methodology for assessing body composition utilizing anthropometric and densitometric techniques. The objective of body composition assessment is to measure body fat and lean body mass. The quantity of these components varies due to growth, physical activity, dietary regimens, and aging. Anthropometric techniques incorporate selected skinfolds, circumferences, skeletal widths, or other variables to estimate body composition within k2.0-4.0%. These techniques are adequate for field testing of groups or individuals, but are population specific. Densitometry measures body volume irrespective of physique, sex, or age. This laboratory technique estimates body composition within 1.0-2.0%, is more difficult to administer, but is not population specific. Some limitation exists with any present technique due to biological variability and incomplete research of reference body composition in children, females, and the aged. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1984;5(6):336-347.     

Perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality after above-knee and below-knee amputations in diabetics and nondiabetics

We performed a retrospective review of a vascular surgery quality assurance database to evaluate the perioperative and long-term morbidity and mortality of above-knee amputations (AKA, n = 234) and below-knee amputations (BKA, n = 720) and to examine the effect of diabetes mellitus (DM) (181 of AKA and 606 of BKA patients). All patients in the database who had AKA or BKA from 1990 to May 2001 were included in the study. Perioperative 30-day cardiac morbidity and mortality and 3-yr and 10-yr mortality after AKA or BKA were assessed. The effect of DM on 30-day cardiac outcome was assessed by multivariate logistic regression and the effect on long-term survival was assessed by Cox regression analysis. The perioperative cardiac event rate (cardiac death or nonfatal myocardial infarction) was at least 6.8% after AKA and at most 3.6% after BKA. Median survival was significantly less after AKA (20 mo) than BKA (52 mo) (P < 0.001). DM was not a significant predictor of perioperative 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 0.76 [0.39-1.49]; P = 0.43) or 3-yr survival (Hazard ratio, 1.03 [0.86-1.24]; P = 0.72) but predicted 10-yr mortality (Hazard ratio, 1.34 [1.04-1.73]; P = 0.026). Significant predictors of the 30-day perioperative mortality were the site of amputation (odds ratio, 4.35 [2.56-7.14]; P < 0.001) and history of renal insufficiency (odds ratio, 2.15 [1.13-4.08]; P = 0.019). AKA should be triaged as a high-risk surgery while BKA is an intermediate-risk surgery. Long-term survival after AKA or BKA is poor, regardless of the presence of DM.     

Postoperative nausea and vomiting and opioid-induced nausea and vomiting: guidelines for prevention and treatment

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) causes patient discomfort, lowers patient satisfaction, and increases care requirements. Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV) may also occur if opioids are used to treat postoperative pain. These guidelines aim to provide recommendations for the prevention and treatment of both problems. A working group was established in accordance with the charter of the Sociedad Espa?ola de Anestesiología y Reanimación. The group undertook the critical appraisal of articles relevant to the management of PONV and OINV in adults and children early and late in the perioperative period. Discussions led to recommendations, summarized as follows: 1) Risk for PONV should be assessed in all patients undergoing surgery; 2 easy-to-use scales are useful for risk assessment: the Apfel scale for adults and the Eberhart scale for children. 2) Measures to reduce baseline risk should be used for adults at moderate or high risk and all children. 3) Pharmacologic prophylaxis with 1 drug is useful for patients at low risk (Apfel or Eberhart 1) who are to receive general anesthesia; patients with higher levels of risk should receive prophylaxis with 2 or more drugs and baseline risk should be reduced (multimodal approach). 4) Dexamethasone, droperidol, and ondansetron (or other setrons) have similar levels of efficacy; drug choice should be made based on individual patient factors. 5) The drug prescribed for treating PONV should preferably be different from the one used for prophylaxis; ondansetron is the most effective drug for treating PONV. 6) Risk for PONV should be assessed before discharge after outpatient surgery or on the ward for hospitalized patients; there is no evidence that late preventive strategies are effective. 7) The drug of choice for preventing OINV is droperidol.