2008年烟台市高等学校学生酒相关知识认知状况调查

[目的]了解烟台市大学生饮酒相关知识认知情况,为采取更有针对性的健康教育与健康促进措施提供依据。[方法]2008年在烟台市3所高等学校抽取862名大学生进行调查。[结果]调查862人,饮酒相关知识高认知的占45.82%。饮酒相关知识高认知者所占比例,女生为49.49%,男生为40.92%(P<0.05);饮酒者为48.81%,不饮酒者为39.33%(P<0.01)。调查的862人中,饮酒的590人,饮酒率为68.45%。饮酒率,酒相关知识认知度高的为72.91%,认知度低者为64.67%(P<0.01)。[结论]大学生饮酒相关知识普遍缺乏,不饮酒者、女性的饮酒知识认知度较高。     

2008年烟台市部分高等学校大学生饮酒情况调查

[目的]了解大学生饮酒相关情况,为制订有针对性的饮酒行为干预措施提供依据。[方法]2008年5～6月,对烟台市部分高等学校的大学生进行问卷调查。[结果]调查498人,饮酒者385人,饮酒率为77．31％。饮酒者中,醉酒率为58．44％,饮酒成瘾率为0．80％,因酒误事率为14．26％,24．50％因饮酒造成很大经济负担;首次饮酒年龄为（15．76±0．41）岁,首次饮酒的原因为朋友劝饮和家人许可的分别占43．41％、31．59％。[结论]大学生饮酒率较高,有待形成正确的饮酒观念和行为。     

陕西某高校大学生饮酒情况调查

目的了解陕西省宝鸡文理学院大学生饮酒的状况，为控制大学生酒精滥用行为提供依据。方法运用分层抽样法，随机抽取4个年级1816名学生进行问卷调查。结果宝鸡文理学院大学生总的饮酒率为48．0％，男同学为56．2％，女同学为42．4％，性别差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）；男生13岁以前第1次饮酒率为46．5％，女生为26．4％；饮酒频率方面，有27．3％的学生在过去30天每天至少喝过1杯酒，男生为40．6％，女生为18．2％；重度饮酒饮酒率为2．0％，男生为3．2％，女生为1．1％；第1次饮酒年龄、饮酒频率与重度饮酒率指标在性别与年级方面差异均有统计学意义均P〈0．01）。醉酒率为17．7％，10次以上醉酒率四年级最高，为2．5％。结论宝鸡文理学院大学生饮酒行为较为普遍，应通过宣传指导、发展大学生控酒志愿者，建立个人、学校、家庭、社会一体化的机制，有效干预大学生饮酒行为，提高其健康水平。     

大学生吸烟现状及其对烟草相关知识态度行为的调查

[目的]调查某市高校大学生吸烟现状及其对烟草相关知识态度行为（KAP）,为高校开展大学生控烟工作提供科学依据。[方法]选取某市3所高校（医学院校1所、非医学院校2所）的在校大学生,按照年级分层整群抽样,使用统一问卷进行有关吸烟与控烟知识、态度和行为的调查。[结果]共调查2500名,获得有效问卷2472份,应答率为98．9％。大学生吸烟率为21．9％（542名）,其中男生吸烟率为34.8％（506名）,女生吸烟率为3．5％（36名）,男生吸烟率高于女生（P〈0．001）。烟草相关知识的了解情况、吸烟与控烟态度等与吸烟行为相关（P〈O．05）。多因素分析显示,男性、年龄增长、非医学专业、城镇、对烟草危害知晓率低、对被动吸烟态度忍让、对他人吸烟持赞成态度的均是吸烟行为的危险因素。[结论]大学生对烟草相关知识、对吸烟和控烟的态度与吸烟行为有关。     

杭州市大学生吸烟状况及社会心理因素分析

目的了解大学生的烟草使用现状，探讨吸烟行为的相关社会心理因素，为建立青少年预防和控制吸烟新模式提供依据。方法采用分层随机抽样方法，在杭州市的大学中抽取大学生375名进行问卷调查。结果大学生吸烟率为12．3％，男生吸烟率高于女生。吸烟者中开始吸烟的年龄主要分布于9～20岁。尝试吸烟动机主要有：不想拒绝别人递烟、解乏提神、摆脱烦恼、显示自主性。吸烟者的烟草依赖症状较轻。绝大部分吸烟者对戒烟持消极的态度。性别、零用钱、同伴压力、饮酒．焦虑情绪是大学生吸烟的影响因素。结论应针对大学生吸烟行为的社会心理影响因素，建立综合性的控烟模式。     

芜湖市大学生吸烟行为及影响因素分析

[目的]了解芜湖市在校大学生吸烟行为发生状况、烟草危害知识知晓情况及对吸烟行为的态度,分析大学生吸烟行为影响因素,为定制有效干预措施提供参考。[方法]多阶段分层整群抽取芜湖市3所高校2232名1~3年级学生进行吸烟行为及相关知识态度调查,并对数据进行单因素和多因素分析。[结果]在2029名有效调查样本中,大学生尝试吸烟行为、现在吸烟行为、每日吸烟行为发生率分别为34.9%(男生52.1%,女生13.2%)、9.8%(男生16.3%,女生1.5%)、2.1%(男生3.5%,女生0.2%),首次尝试吸烟行为主要发生在小学阶段(48.8%)。农村学生尝试吸烟率、现在吸烟率均高于城市学生;吸烟者烟草危害知识知晓度和拒绝吸烟的意愿均低于非吸烟者(P0.05)。多因素分析显示:男生、农村生源、独生子女、吸烟态度得分低、母亲吸烟、密友吸烟、室友吸烟是大学生尝试吸烟的危险因素;男生、吸烟态度得分低、母亲吸烟、室友吸烟、密友吸烟是大学生现在吸烟的危险因素。[结论]芜湖市大学生吸烟行为处于较高水平,对烟草危害认知度不容乐观。学校需加强大学生控烟知识的宣传教育力度,同时应结合家庭成员和同伴的参与,促进知识内化为信念,进一步影响行为。     

2006年龙岩市部分高中学生吸烟情况调查

[目的]了解龙岩市高中学生吸烟情况以及对控制吸烟的态度，为今后教育和干预措施提供科学理论依据。[方法]采取整群随机抽样方法，通过现场问卷的方式对两所中学4个高中班的221名学生进行调查。[结果]男生吸烟率14．1％，女生吸烟率3．7％。男生吸烟率高于女生（P〈0．05）。尝试吸第一口烟者占调查者总数的27．8％，半数以上小于10岁，尝试吸烟者成为当前吸烟者的比率为31．0％。说明尝试吸烟者近I／3成为当前吸烟者。[结论]个人认识与社会、家庭、学校影响成为影响青少年吸烟的主要因素，影响着青少年对控制吸烟的态度。应采取教育与行政干预相结合的办法，才能有效地改变学生的不健康行为，控制吸烟。     

某医学院学生饮酒行为调查

[目的]了解大学生饮酒现状及其影响因素。[方法]采用分层整群抽样法,随机抽取某高校学生,进行匿名问卷调查。[结果]该医学院学生总饮酒率为55.9%;男生群体饮酒率为74.49%,女生群体饮酒率为45.73%,男生群体饮酒率高于女生(P﹤0.05);调查显示较多家庭(77.6%)对孩子饮酒保持中立态度,73.7%的学生在18岁以前就有了饮酒经历;学生饮酒行为主要发生在朋友同学聚会、过节和庆祝活动。朋友同学聚会中常遇到逼酒、劝酒等情形,此时比平常情况饮酒更多。[结论]在该医学院大学生群体中饮酒已经成了普遍行为,不文明饮酒现象普遍存在,饮酒行为需正确的指导。     

某高校大学生危害健康行为调查

[目的]了解大学生危害健康行为的流行病学特征及影响因素。[方法]对某大学505名一年级秆四阜级学生进行危害健康行为的问卷调查。[结果]危害健康行为在大学生中普遍存在，吸烟率41．85％，近30d饮酒塞31．99％．有11．07％的学生承认有过性行为，9．64％的学生报告网络成瘾，10．46％的学生承认使用过违禁药物。绝大多数危害健康行为的报告率男生高于女生。[结论]应对大学生危害健康行为加强干预，重视健康教育。     

大学生饮酒模式调查分析

目的分析影响大学生饮酒模式的因素,针对饮酒教育及酒精政策提出建议。方法采用整群抽样方法,选择来自北京和郑州的530名大学生完成有效问卷调查。采用 Epidata 录入数据,SAS 12.0和 R 2.7.2进行数据描述和分析。结果74.5%的大学生在过去1年内饮过酒,啤酒是饮酒者的主要选择（85.9%）,餐馆和家里是饮酒比较频繁的场所,饮用酒多来自同学/朋友及家庭成员提供,25.3%饮酒者并无特别原因饮酒,各有约1/5的饮酒者是出于社交目的或喜欢饮酒的感觉。认为“饮酒有助于社交暠或“饮酒促进交流暠者、父母及同学/朋友饮酒者、来自农村地区或小城镇者及吸烟者更容易发生饮酒行为（均 P 〈0.05）,男生大学生、规律饮酒者更容易遭遇强迫劝酒场面、更易发生醉酒（均 P 〈0.05）。超过一半饮酒者出现酒后脸红、肌肉软弱无力等生理反应,饮酒对被调查大学生产生的社会心理影响依次是记忆丧失（23.9%）、宿醉（14.6%）、做了后悔的事（低于10%）等。结论目前大学生仍保持着一种低风险饮酒模式。大学生饮酒教育应提供关于饮酒利弊的科学信息,使其对饮酒保持一种现实的期望。应制定针对性酒精政策和教育鼓励和支持低风险且满足社交功能的饮酒模式,控制高风险饮酒模式。     

大学生饮酒行为及动因研究

了解大学生的饮酒行为，饮酒动机与心理，探讨它们之间的相互关系，为干预问题饮酒，开展以学校为中心的社区预防工作提供必要的资料和依据。方法：采用不记名问卷对４４８名大学生进行了饮酒状况。支机与心理以及对饮酒危害性认识等方面的调查研究，结果男生的饮酒率为９２．９０％，女生饮酒率为８６．８２％，男女饮酒行为类型，饮酒情境和饮酒种类之间均有高度显著性差异；第一次饮酒动机主要是好奇心、家人同意和朋友劝；生活压     

Alcohol use beliefs and behaviors among high school students

Purpose: To identify specific alcohol use beliefs and behaviors among local high school students; to determine whether relationships exist between alcohol use and various sociodemographic and lifestyle behaviors; and to assist in the development and implementation of alcohol abuse prevention programs.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved the completion of a questionnaire by 1236 Grade 9–13 students (86% response rate) from 62 randomly selected classrooms in three Canadian urban schools. Data analyzed here are part of a larger lifestyle survey.Results: A total of 24% of students reported never having tasted alcohol, 22% have tasted alcohol but do not currently drink, 39% are current moderate drinkers, 11% are current heavy drinkers (five or more drinks on one occasion at least once a month), and 5% did not answer. Reasons stated most often for not drinking were “bad for health” and “upbringing,” while reasons stated most often for drinking were “enjoy it” and “to get in a party mood.” Student drinking patterns were significantly related to gender, ethnicity, grade, and the reported drinking habits of parents and friends. Older male adolescents who describe their ethnicity as Canadian are at higher risk for heavy drinking than students who are younger or female, or identify their ethnicity as European or Asian. Current heavy drinkers are at higher risk than other students for engaging in other high-risk behaviors such as drinking and driving, being a passenger in a car when the driver is intoxicated, and daily smoking.Conclusions: Heavy alcohol use in adolescents remains an important community health concern. Older self-described Canadian and Canadian-born male adolescents are at higher risk for heavy drinking. Current and heavy drinking rises significantly between Grades 9 and 12. Students who drink heavily are more likely to drink and drive, to smoke daily, and to have friends and parents who drink alcohol.     

广州地区高中生饮酒模式及过量饮酒的社会经济地位影响因素

目的 分析广州市高中生饮酒模式,探讨不同社会经济地位指标与青少年过量饮酒行为的关系,为制定控制策略措施提供依据。方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,抽取广州市4个区高一和高二学生共3 282人,采用自填问卷进行调查。结果 75.61%的学生有饮酒经历;过去一年内,60.22%的学生曾饮酒,27.67 %曾醉酒;过去30 d内,22.75%的学生曾饮酒,7.17%曾重度饮酒。总体上,男生五种饮酒行为流行率均高于女生,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);采用广义混合线性模型,分析不同社会经济地位指标对青少年过量饮酒的影响。结果显示,与家庭富裕程度低、学业成就高的青少年相比,来自家庭富裕程度高、学业成就低的青少年较可能有重度饮酒及醉酒行为。结论 广州地区高中生饮酒普遍化,提示防治工作的紧迫性,应及早开展健康教育和干预工作来减少酒精的可及性和青少年的饮酒行为。     

低年级大学生饮酒行为研究

对８７１名汉族低年级大学生的饮酒状况进行研究，结果表明，男生饮酒率为９２．７％，女生饮酒率为７２．９％。男女生的饮酒行为类型和饮酒种类等差异均有非常显著性（Ｐ＜０．０００１），不同专业的男生饮酒行为差异也有显著。男生饮酒行为还受对学业的担心以及朋友和父亲的饮酒行为的影响。     

Alcohol mixed with energy drinks: consumption patterns and motivations for use in U.S. college students

Binge drinking in college students is widespread and known to cause significant harms and health hazards for the drinker. One factor that may be exacerbating hazardous drinking in young people is the new popular trend of consuming alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED). However, rates of AmED use and motivations for AmED consumption in college students have not been well established. In this study, 706 undergraduate college students from a university in the United States participated in a web-based survey that queried self-reported alcohol, energy drink, and AmED use. In addition, motivations for using AmEDs were assessed. The results indicated that for all participants, 81% reported that they have tried at least one energy drink in the past and 36% reported consumption of at least one energy drink in the past 2 weeks. Alcohol consumption patterns were similar to findings from U.S. national surveys of college drinking, as 37% of respondents were classified as binge drinkers and 23% abstained from drinking. In the whole sample (including the alcohol abstainers), 44% reported trying AmED at least once and 9% reported AmED consumption at least once in the past 2 weeks. 78% of respondents agreed with the statement that AmEDs appeal to underage drinkers. When AmED users were asked about various motivations for consuming AmEDs, users reported that they consumed these beverages to get drunk and reduce sedation compared to alcohol alone. In conclusion, the consumption of AmEDs is common in U.S. college students. Motivations for using AmEDs include the reduction of the sedative effects of alcohol, an important interoceptive cue that one should stop drinking.     

内蒙古包头市大学生饮酒行为现状调查

目的了解包头市大学生饮酒现状，为对该人群进行健康教育提供依据。方法从包头市的3所大学随机抽取在校生共计1800名，以不记名方式进行问卷调查。结果男、女生及整体饮酒率分别是81．24％，35．06％和58．39％。74．13％的男性饮酒者和80．26％的女性饮酒者每月饮酒1～2次，4．03％的男性饮酒者和5．26％的女性饮酒者每天饮酒1～2次。结论包头市大学生男生饮酒率较女生为高。家庭居住地区在农村的学生较家庭居住地在城市等地的学生的饮酒率高。     

Patterns of drinking in Thai men

Alcohol problems have increased considerably in Thailand in recent years, in common with many other countries in South East Asia. Little is known about the patterns or contexts of alcohol consumption in these countries, and so efforts to develop preventative strategies have been hampered. To identify current patterns related to alcohol consumption, we recruited 91 alcohol-dependent subjects, 77 hazardous or harmful drinkers, and 144 abstainers or light drinkers. A structured interview incorporating the World Health Organization 'tri-level' method to determine the amount and frequency of drinking, and the Alcohol Use Disorders and Associated Disabilities to diagnose alcohol dependence and harmful drinking was used. Median alcohol intake was 75 and 49 g/drinking day in the alcohol-dependent and harmful or hazardous groups respectively. The former group drank on average 25 days/month, whereas the harmful or hazardous drinkers drank 10 days/month. Drinking alone was more common in the alcohol-dependent group (67%), whereas harmful or hazardous drinkers typically drank with friends (58%), and infrequent drinkers drank only at social functions (61%). Only 28% of alcohol-dependent subjects perceived themselves as dependent on alcohol. The alcohol-dependent subjects and hazardous or harmful drinkers were more likely to currently smoke cigarettes and have a history of marijuana use than were non-drinkers, infrequent or light drinkers. Antisocial personality disorder was more commonly associated with alcohol dependence. In conclusion, alcohol dependence was characterized by continual drinking, whereas hazardous or harmful consumption was associated with an intermittent pattern. Other forms of substance use and personality disorder were associated with alcohol dependence. Clearer understanding of these factors would be of great benefit in planning an intervention programme for excessive drinking in Thailand.