Analysis of clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of 15 cases with olfactory neuroblastoma

Objective： We studied the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of olfactory neuroblastoma （ONB）. Methods： The clinic pathological data and immunohistochemical features of 15 cases with ONB were analyzed retrospectively, and the related literatures were reviewed. Results： The tumors were all located in the nasal cavity in 15 cases. According to Kadish＇s staging system, 7 cases were in stage A, 5 cases in stage B, and 3 cases in stage C. The morphological features showed small round or ovoid tumor cells divided into pieces or trabeculae by connective tissues which were rich in capillaries. The tumor cells had round or oval nuclei and fine chromatins and lack of cytoplasma. Flexner rosette and Homer- Wright rosette were found in some cases. Acidophilic fibrins were composed of cytoplasmic projection among tumor cells. All cases were positive for NSE, Syn, CgA, 1 case was positive for Vimentin, 2 cases were positive for S-100, while CKpan, LCA and HMB45 were all negative. Conclusion： ONB is a type of very rare malignant tumors, which could be diagnosed by pathology, and immunohistochemistry is helpful in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.     

Relationship between prognosis and angiogenesis,lymphangiogenesis, proliferative cell distribution in gastric cancer

Objective： We investigated the relationship between lymphangiogenesis, angiogenesis and cell proliferation in gastric cancer. Methods： We observed the central cancer tissues and the peritumoral tissues of 75 patients with gastric carcinoma by immunohistochemistry. Using D2-40, VEGFR-C and VEGFR-3 detected the microlymphatic density （MLD）, CD34 and CD31 detected the microvessel density （MVD）. The proliferation of the cells was labeled by Ki-67. Results： There were a few atresic streak lymphatic vessels in the central cancer tissues, but in the peritumoral tissues lymphatic increased and dilated, it appears adenoid structure. LMVD in the gastric central area （33.7 ± 14.7） decreased significantly than in the peripheral zone （61.8 ± 22.6; P 〈 0.01）. The differences in the distribution and amount of microvessels were similar to lymphatic vessels. The central area of gastric cancer has a small amount of the distribution of focal Ki-67 positive tumor cells, while around the central area there were a large number of Ki-67 positive tumor cells, especially in one low power field （× 10）. Gastric central area of the Ki-67 positive cells in gastric central area （49.5%） were significant decreasing than in the cancer peripheral zone （73.2%; P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： The mainly distribution of the neonatal lymphatic vessels, blood vessels and Ki-67 positive carcinoma in gastric cancer is anterior border of carcinoma tissues, especially in one low power field （x 10）. The MLD, MVD and Ki-67 positive carcinoma might be an important index for the prognosis of gastric carcinoma. The more lymphatic microvessel, microvessel and Ki-67 positive carcinoma in the peritumoral tissues, the poorer prognosis, vice versa.     

Surgical outcomes in patients with T4 gastric carcinoma： a retrospective study of 162 patients

Objective： There is controversy about the best therapeutic surgical approach for treatment of patients with T4 gastric cancer. We evaluated the survival benefit of resection in this group of patients. Methods： We retrospectively reviewed the hospital records of 288 patients with T4 gastric carcinoma to compare the clinicopathological results in patients with curative resection （n = 49） with patients with non-curative resection （n = 113） from 1980 to 2000. Results： Curative resection was performed in 49 （30.2%） patients, with the pancreas being the most frequently resected organ. The 5-year survival rate was 9.3% and the median survival time was 12 months for all 162 registered patients. The 5-year survival rates in patients after curative and non-curative resection were 14.3% vs 7.1% respectively. These values differed considerably between the two groups （P = 0.033）. Operative type and curability were independent statistically significant prognostic parameters. Conclusion： Curability was an independent prognostic factor among all registered patients. Patients with T4 gastric carcinoma might be benefited from curative resection.     

Changes in the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer in Hehuang Valley of China -2379 cases of gastric cancer in recent 10 years

Objective： The aim of our studywas to discuss changes in the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric cancer in Hehuang Valley of China in recent 10 years. Methods： A retrospective case-control study was performed on 2379 newly-diagnosed gastric cancer patients. All of them came from Hehuang Valley. The patients were divided into two groups [recent 5 years （R5Y） and late 5 years （L5Y）] from February 2003 to February 2013, and the clinicopathological data were surveyed retrospectively. Results： The constituent ratio of upper 1/3 gastric cancer in R5Y and L5Y was 33.5% and 20.7%, respectively, and it showed a significant difference between the two groups （X2 = 21.28, P = 0.00）, The constituent ratio of squamous carcinoma/adenosquamous carcinoma was 2.7% and 1.6%, respectively, and it also showed a significant differ- ence between two groups （X2 = 50.91, P = 0.00）. The constituent ratio of moderately-poorly differentiated/poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma was 84.2% and 50.2%, respectively, and it showed statistically significant difference （X2 = 30.28, P = 0.00）. The detection rate of early gastric cancer （EGC） was 1.47% （35/2379）. The constituent ratio of the types of Borrmann II and Borrmann IV of advanced gastric cancer （AGC） among 2379 cases was 47.6% and 40.8%, respectively, and that still showed statistically significant difference （X2 = 18,80, P = 0.00）. The constituent ratio of diffuse-type of gastric cancer in R5Y and L5Y was 36.2% and 30.8%, respectively, even there was a significant difference （X2 = 7.49, P = 0.01）. Furthermore, there were also significant differences in regional lymph nodes metastasis, perineural infiltration and vascular invasion （P 〈 0.05）. The positive detection rate of HER2, ER and PR was 14.88%, 17.23% and 15.93%, respectively. The constituent ratio of HP in two groups was 43.8% and 36.2% respectively, and it also showed a significant difference （~2 = 13.51, P = 0.00）. Conclusion： The pathogenic sites in gastric cancer change to the upper stomach in Hehuang Valley in recent 10 years, and the detection rate of squamous carcinoma/adenosquamous carcinoma reveals a sharp rise. Borrmann III is still one of the main types of advanced gastric cancer, but the detection rates of Borrmann II and IV are increasing. The main type of gastric cancer is the intestinal- type, but the ratio of diffuse-type is also increasing in recent 10 years. The HP detection rate is 40.65% （967/2379）, and it has a slight rise in recent 10 years. The detection rate of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma is increasing despite the fact that the moderately/moderately-poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma is the main histologic types. High detection rates of lymph nodes metastasis, perineural infiltration and vascular invasion indicate poor prognosis in patients with gastric cancer. There is no change in HER2 positive rate, on the contrary, there are a little increase in ER and PR expression in Hehuang Valley.