Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗外伤性青光眼患者的护理

总结25例Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗外伤性青光眼患者的护理经验.重视患者的心理护理,稳定患者情绪,通过手术相关知识的宣教等取得患者配合;术前准备充分,完善各项术前检查,并训练固视方法以配合手术;术后细心观察并发症并及时给予相应的护理措施,做好出院指导.25例患者术后无出现心理应激反应,8例出现术后并发症,其中2例浅前房伴低眼压,1例浅前房伴高眼压,3例前房积血,2例暂时性高眼压,经及时发现积极治疗护理,全部得到有效控制,随访1年,眼压降至8～19 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),视力无进一步下降.     

新生血管性青光眼患者行Ahmed引流阀植入术的护理

目的探讨新生血管性青光跟（NVG）患者行Ahmed引流阀植入术的护理。方法对27例行Ahmed引流阀植入术的NVG患暂．实施术前心理护理及术后的并发症护理。结果术前27例患者均末出现心理应激反应。术后并发症：2例眼压升高及4例前房出血,经相应护理均得到有效控制。术后随访6个月,8例视力改善,17例视力未继续下降．2例视力下降;27例患者眼压均在正常范围内。结论科学有效的护理措施是达到预期手术目标的匝要保证。     

Fixed-Dose Combination of Tafluprost and Timolol in the Treatment of Open-Angle Glaucoma and Ocular Hypertension: Comparison with Other Fixed-Combination Products

A new preservative-free fixed-dose combination of 0.0015% tafluprost, a prostaglandin F_2α analog, and 0.5% timolol (TAF/TIM; Santen Oy, Tampere, Finland), a beta-adrenergic antagonist has recently been developed. The intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction with TAF/TIM in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension is similar to that of other prostaglandin–timolol fixed-combination products. Patients with high IOP responded well to TAF/TIM with reductions of up to 40% (>13 mmHg) and beyond. Compared to previous controlled and double-masked clinical trials with DuoTrav^® (Alcon, Fort Worth, USA) and Ganfort^® (Allergan, Irvine, USA), TAF/TIM caused less superficial ocular side effects and less conjunctival hyperemia. Plausible explanations for the differences in side effects between the fixed-combination products are discussed.     

计算机导航治疗与传统方法进行膝关节置换手术效果比较的系统评价

目的对计算机导航治疗与传统方法进行膝关节置换手术的放射学及术后功能评价进行Meta分析。方法计算机检索Cochrane Library（CCTR）及Cochrane协作网肌骨组专业试验数据库、MEDLINE（1966～2009）、EMbase（1980～2009）、PubMed、NRR（http：//www.update-software.com/National/）、CCT（http：//www.controlled-trials.com）和中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM）,手工检索中文骨科文献,收集计算机导航技术与传统方法比较进行膝关节置换手术的临床随机对照试验（RCT）。评价纳入研究的方法学质量后,采用RevMan 4.2.8软件进行Meta分析。结果共纳入18个RCT,包括2439例患者,其中A级5个,B级13个。Meta分析结果显示：①在放射学测量上,两种方法：对下肢机械轴的测量精确性有差异[WMD=–0.56,95%CI（–0.74,–0.38）],对股骨冠状轴和矢状轴及旋转角度的测量无明显差异[WMD（95CI）分别为–0.29（–0.58,0.00）、–1.64（–3.49,0.21）及–0.11（–0.87,0.66）];对胫骨冠状轴的测量无明显差异[WMD=–0.31,95%CI（–0.69,0.06）],而对矢状轴的测量有明显差异[WMD=–0.69,95%CI（–1.10,–0.28）];对胫股冠状角的测量无明显差异[WMD=0.03,95%CI（–0.78,0.84）],对髌骨倾斜角及髌骨旋转角度也无明显差异[WMD（95%CI）分别为–1.45（–3.12,0.22）及–0.34（–0.71,0.02）]。②在操作时间上两者有明显差异[WMD=13.31,95%CI（10.00,16.63）],在并发症及出血量方面两者无明显差异[RR及95%CI分别为1.65（0.87,3.13）及–74.81（–184.71,35.09）。③在术后功能评价上,纳入研究均随访超过6个月,两者在关节活动度、KSS评分及OXFORD评分上无明显差异[WMD（95%CI）分别为–2.17（–5.66,1.33）、6.28（–3.69,16.25）、–0.31（–2.05,1.43）]。结论与传统方法相比较,计算机导航技术进行膝关节置换手术：①下肢机械轴的测量及胫骨矢状轴的测量上两者有显著差异,而在股骨冠状轴和矢状轴及旋转角度的测量上,胫骨冠状轴及胫股冠状角的测量上,以及髌骨倾斜角及髌骨旋转角度的测量上,两者无明显差异。②因计算机导航属于新技术领域,操作不熟练,故在操作时间上,两者差异较大,而并发症及出血量方面,两者无明显差异。③在功能评价上（随访超过6个月）,两者无明显差异,而长期随访效果有待进一步研究。     

手术模板在桥式种植义齿中的应用

目的设计一种种植手术模板,以解决种植义齿修复中种植体植入位置及方向准确性的问题。方法利用带钢珠摄X线片,以准确计算摄X线片的畸变,准确估计植入区域的骨量。将拟植入区的牙槽骨的形态准确地转移到石膏模型上,然后在石膏模型上设计出修复后的人工牙的形态。制作手术模板。在其上孔洞等方式将修复设计直观地表达出来,指导种植钻入位置方向,有利于在手术中兼顾颌骨解剖条件和修复的需要,从而达到准确定位的目的。结果应用本法治疗18例多颗牙缺失患者植入42颗种植体,均达到了满意的修复效果。结论本模板定位、定向准确,可以最有效地利用植入区的骨量,从而扩大了种植修复的适应证,有效地避免种植手术的失败。提高义齿修复的效果。     

Quality of Life in Glaucoma: A Review of the Literature

The ultimate goal of glaucoma management is the preservation of patients’ visual function and quality of life (QoL). The disease itself as well as the medical or surgical treatment can have an enormous impact on a patient’s QoL. Even the mere diagnosis of a chronic, irreversible, potentially blinding disorder can adversely affect the patient’s sense of well-being and QoL by eliciting significant anxiety. Patients with primary open-angle glaucoma rarely present with visual symptoms, at least early in the course of the disease. A better understanding of patient-reported QoL can improve patient–physician interaction and enhance treatment adherence by customizing treatment options based on individual patient profile, thus optimizing long-term prognosis. These aspects are summarized and critically appraised in this article.     

不同手术方法治疗青光眼的疗效观察及临床分析

目的探讨治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障的2种手术方式的临床疗效。方法通过拟定手术适应证,进行临床对照研究。对32例(38眼)闭角型青光眼伴白内障患者分别采取白内障超声乳化吸除+晶体囊袋内折叠并人工晶体植入术或复合式小梁切除+白内障超声乳化吸除+晶体囊袋内折叠并人工晶体植入术治疗,比较两组治疗前后疗效。结果两组术后视野、视力、房角、眼压、前房深度及房水流畅系数情况较之术前均明显改善,且无严重并发症发生。结论临床治疗闭角型青光眼伴白内障应根据患者不同病情选择适宜的手术治疗方式。     

556例胰腺癌外科治疗总结

目的：回顾总结上海第二医科大学附属瑞金医院外科20世纪90年代以来收治的556例胰腺癌患者外科治疗的情况，探讨如何逐步提高胰腺癌外科手术治疗的安全性和疗效。方法：1990年1月～2000年12月间普外科收治的胰腺恶性肿瘤556例，其中胰头癌．403例，胰体尾部癌153例，将本组病例分成1990年1月～1995年12月及1996年1月～2000年12月两个阶段来对比分析。结果：行手术治疗367例，胰头癌与胰体尾部癌手术切除率分别为14．6％与14．4％，总手术切除率为14．6％。根治性手术死亡率分别为5％与4．6％；手术并发症发生率分别为37．5％与22．7％。根治性手术并发症主要是：胰瘘、胆瘘、出血、腹腔积液、感染、吻合口梗阻等。90年代后期，胰头癌组在手术切除率有了提高。同时根治性手术并发症发生率及手术死亡率也降低。胰体尾部癌组，手术切除率虽无提高，但根治性手术并发症发生率及手术死亡率均较前阶段明显降低。结论：最大限度地提高手术切除率和长期生存率，降低手术死亡率、并发症发生率的关键在于提高早期诊断率和建立一支专业手术组医师梯队。     

Cyclodestructive Procedures in Glaucoma: A Review of Current and Emerging Options

The first surgical modalities to reduce aqueous humor production by damaging the ciliary body date back to the early twentieth century. Until recently, however, cyclodestructive procedures (e.g., cyclocryotherapy and transscleral diode laser photocoagulation) have been reserved as last option procedures in refractory glaucoma patients with poor visual potential. Emerging technologic innovation has led to the development of promising, safer and less destructive techniques, such as micropulse diode cyclophotocoagulation, endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation and ultrasound cyclodestruction. Consequently, an emerging paradigm shift is under way with the selection of these surgical options in eyes with less severe glaucoma and good visual potential. Although existing evidence has not, as yet, adequately defined the role and value of these procedures, their emergence is a welcome expansion of available options for patients with moderate-to-severe glaucoma. This article reviews the pertinent evidence on both established and evolving cyclodestructive techniques and describes their growing role in the management of glaucoma.     

A Review of the Clinical Usefulness of Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty in Exfoliative Glaucoma

In the last decade, selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) has been commonly used in the management of several different types of glaucoma, as either primary or adjunct therapy. The technique has an excellent safety profile and is at least as effective as argon laser trabeculoplasty. Although the actual mechanism of action of SLT remains unclear, evidence has shown that it does not induce morphologically evident trabecular meshwork alterations. SLT's non-disruptive mode of action offers the advantage of repeatability. Exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) is a secondary open-angle glaucoma with unfavorable intraocular pressure (IOP) characteristics, which typically carries a poorer long-term prognosis than primary open-angle glaucoma. Consequently, patients with XFG often need multiple medications to achieve IOP levels that prevent disease progression. Because complicated pharmacotherapy regimens undermine the long-term tolerability and compliance of patients with XFG, options such as SLT may decrease the burden of multiple therapies and ultimately improve prognosis. In fact, SLT may be a particularly attractive option in XFG because the pigment-laden trabecular tissue of these patients enhances the absorption of laser energy and thus augments the biologic effects induced by this treatment. The current article reviews the postulated mechanisms of action of SLT, discusses practical aspects of SLT therapy, and examines selected peer-reviewed literature pertaining to the clinical usefulness of this modality in XFG patients.     

Clinical Studies of Cefazolin and Comparison with Other Cephalosporins

Cefazolin, a new cephalosporin derivative, was studied in the treatment of 105 hospitalized patients with a variety of infections including endocarditis, pneumonia, and urinary and soft tissue infections, and was found to be effective in 104 patients. Cefazolin was also tested in vitro and shown to be effective against staphylococci, pneumococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., and Proteus mirabilis by agar dilution method. It was shown to produce high serum levels when administered in a 250- to 1,000-mg intramuscular dose and was well tolerated and free from renal toxicity. Comparison of the results of this study with those from our prior studies on cephaloridine revealed equivalent antibiotic potency, good tolerance to both the agents when given intramuscularly, superior, average blood levels with cefazolin, equal clinical efficacy, and absence of renal toxicity with cefazolin (unlike cephaloridine). Similarly, the results of treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia with intramuscular cefazolin were found to be superior to those for oral cephalexin.     

TCu380A与其它常用宫内节育器效果比较的系统评价

目的系统评价TCu380A与其它常用宫内节育器(IUD)的有效性。方法计算机检索CBMdisc(1979～2005)、万方(1994～2005)、CNKI (1994～2005)、CMCC(1994～2005)、CMAC(1994～2005)和EMbase (1974～2004)、MEDLINE(1974～2004)、世界卫生组织生殖医学图书馆(WHO／RHL 2004～2005)、Cochrane图书馆(2004年第4期)、SCI(1985～2005)、POPLINE(1966～2003),并手检9种相关杂志。纳入TCu380A与其它常用IUD比较的随机对照试验(RCT)和临床对照试验(CCT),质量评价后进行Meta分析。结果共纳入15篇已发表研究,合计20 417例妇女。Meta分析结果显示,与TCu380A比较:①TCu220C累积脱落率较低,随访6个月及5年时差异有统计学意义[OR 0．36,95％CI(0．18,0．70);OR 0．44,95％CI(0．31,0．62)];累积妊娠率较高,随访10年时差异有统计学意义[OR 1．22(1．04,1．43)];累积因症取出率较低,随访6个月时差异有统计学意义[OR 0．59,95％CI(0．36, 0．97)]。②MLCu375累积脱落率较高,随访1年时差异有统计学意义[OR 2．17,95％CI(1．29,3．67)];累积妊娠率较高,随访1年和2年时其差异均有统计学意义[OR 1．66,95％CI(1．13,2．43);OR 1．26,95％CI(1．00, 1．58)]。③宫铜300累积脱落率较低,随访5年时差异有统计学意义[OR 0．38, 95％CI(0．27,0．56)]。④活性γ380累积因症取出率较低,随访1年时差异有统计学意义[OR 0．31,95％CI(0．14,0．70)]。结论与TCu380A比较,TCu220C长期使用(10年)的避孕效果略逊于TCu380A,但仍是一种性能优良的IUD;MLCu375临床综合效能与TCu380A类似;宫铜300具有低脱落率的特性;活性γ380能有效降低副反应发生率。但该结论还需开展多中心长随访时间的RCT加以证实。     

Comparison Between Oblique Pulling Spinal Manipulation and Other Treatments for Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective

The purpose of this review was to compare oblique pulling spinal manipulation with other treatments for lumbar disc herniation.

青光眼、角膜炎等眼科疾病住院患者睡眠质量出现问题的原因分析与处理

目的:本文研究青光眼、角膜炎等眼科疾病住院患者睡眠质量出现问题的原因分析与处理.方法:选取2019年3月至2020年7月湖北省襄阳市谷城县人民医院住院治疗的青光眼、角膜炎等眼科疾病患者116例作为研究对象,在治疗的过程中对他们的睡眠质量进行调查,探索他们睡眠质量出现问题的原因,针对原因进行分析,提出自己的解决措施.结果...     

Cardiovascular and Other Health Benefits of Sauna Bathing: A Review of the Evidence

Sauna bathing, an activity that has been a tradition in Finland for thousands of years and mainly used for the purposes of pleasure and relaxation, is becoming increasingly popular in many other populations. Emerging evidence suggests that beyond its use for pleasure, sauna bathing may be linked to several health benefits, which include reduction in the risk of vascular diseases such as high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and neurocognitive diseases; nonvascular conditions such as pulmonary diseases; mortality; as well as amelioration of conditions such as arthritis, headache, and flu. The beneficial effects of sauna bathing on these outcomes have been linked to its effect on circulatory, cardiovascular, and immune functions. It has been postulated that regular sauna bathing may improve cardiovascular function via improved endothelium-dependent dilatation, reduced arterial stiffness, modulation of the autonomic nervous system, beneficial changes in circulating lipid profiles, and lowering of systemic blood pressure. This review summarizes the available epidemiological, experimental, and interventional evidence linking Finnish sauna bathing and its effects on cardiovascular outcomes and other disease conditions on the basis of a comprehensive search for observational studies, randomized controlled trials, and non–randomized controlled trials from MEDLINE and EMBASE from their inception until February 24, 2018. An overview of the postulated biological mechanisms underlying the associations between sauna bathing and its health benefits, areas of outstanding uncertainty, and implications for clinical practice is also provided.     

良性疾病全子宫切除术不同微创术式间比较的系统评价

目的比较和评价阴式全子宫切除术（total vaginal hysterectomy,TVH）、腹腔镜全子宫切除术（Lapros-copical hyterectomy,LH）、横切口开腹全子宫切除术（minilaporotomy hysterectomy,MiniLPT）等不同微创全子宫切除术式的效果及安全性,以指导临床选择最合理的术式。方法检索CBM、中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据资源系统、MEDLINE、EMbase、Cochrane DSR、ACP Journal Club、DARE、CCTR、CMR、HTA、和NHSEED等数据库中关于比较TVH、LH、MiniLPT术式中至少两种的随机对照试验、比较性研究、经济评价,罕见结局的报道可包括观察性研究。检索截止时间为2009年3月。采用GRADE标准及Cochrane Reviewer Handbook4.2.3对RCT的质量评价标准进行评价。用Cochrane协作网提供的RevMan4.2软件进行Meta分析。结果最终纳入12个研究,包括10个随机对照试验,1个回顾性队列研究、1个前瞻性队列研究。Meta分析结果显示TVH组手术时间最短、出血量最少、术后疼痛最轻、恢复排便或者排气最快、出院最早。MiniLPT组术后住院时间比对照组（TVH/LAVH组）长,差异有统计学意义[WMD=37.0h,95%CI（13.5h,60.5h）];MiniLPT组术中出血量比对照组多,差异有统计学意义[WMD=208.5ml,95%CI（141.4ml,375.7ml）],MiniLPT组发热发生率比对照组高,差异有统计学意义[Peto OR=3.8,95%CI（1.1,12.6）]。TVH组手术时间比LH组短,差异有统计学意义[WMD=47.2min,95%CI（-62.3min,32.19min）];TVH组出血量比LAVH组少,差异有统计学意义[WMD=-158.7ml,95%CI（-190.9ml,-126.4ml）];TVH组住院时间比LH组短,差异有统计学意义[WMD=-18.8h,95%CI（-24.2h,-13.5h）];TVH组术后恢复排气或排便时间比LAVH组短,差异有统计学意义[WMD=8.1h,95%CI（-10.8h,-5.3h）]。另一方面,LH组创面缝合愈合不良事件发生率、继发感染发生率、发热发生率均比TVH组低,但差异无统计学意义。LH组比TVH组术后性功能质量更好。结论在基本符合TVH适应证的情况下,TVH是最微创的手术方式,且性价比高。在TVH适应证以外,只要在可以操作的范围内,TVH仍然是创伤最小且效果最好的手术方式,但这一范围目前尚无统一标准,跟术者经验水平、手术习惯和患者具体情况相关。LH在改善术后生活质量、患者自我感觉方面较为优越。通过提高腹腔镜手术止血技巧减少术中出血量,减少一次性器具费用或其使用、增加其回收,可降低手术费用,并可以提高LH性价比。MiniLPT发展时间尚短,相关比较研究起步也晚,其优越性有待更多研究进一步评估。     

室间隔缺损合并畸形的外科治疗

本文报告室间隔缺损合并其他心脏畸形92例,占同期行室间隔缺损修补术病例13％。合并畸形包括房间隔缺损、动脉导管未闭、右室流出道狭窄、主动脉辦脱垂或关闭不全、主动脉窦瘤、双腔右心室、室间隔膜部瘤、先天性二尖辦狭窄或关闭不全。作者论述了各种复合畸形的临床特征,手术方法和术中应注意的问题。     

Orbital Phlebography: A Comparison Between Cluster Headache and Other Headaches

Orbital phlebography has previously been found to be pathologic in 8 of 13 patients with episodic cluster headache. To compare the frequency and pattern of the pathologic findings in cluster headache with those in other headache categories, orbital phlebographies were carried out in patients with cluster headache, cervicogenic headache, migraine and tension-type headache (tension headache). The investigations were evaluated independently by two radiologists, one of whom had no knowledge of the diagnoses. The frequencies of pathologic findings were at maximal 2/12 in the cluster headache group, 2/11 in the cervicogenic headache group, 5/12 in the migraine group and 5/15 in the tension-type headache group. The investigators agreed completely in the evaluation of 39/50 phlebograms, with lesser disagreements in 7. In conclusion, the frequency of pathologic findings at orbital phlebography in cluster headache was not higher than in the other diagnostic categories investigated, and the pattern of the pathology was generally the same.