The effect of tanshinone IIA on renal and liver functions in ovine fetuses in utero

This was the first study in determination of the effects of the herbal medicine, Danshen, on fetal hepatic and renal functions in utero. Tanshinone IIA, an active ingredient of Danshen, was tested in the experimental fetal model. Three doses (20, 40, or 80?mg) of tanshinone IIA and 0.9% NaCl (as the control) were intravenously (i.v.) administrated into pregnant ewes. Both maternal and fetal blood samples were collected and analyzed for renal and liver functions by examining the enzymes and renal excretion. The results showed that tanshinone IIA did not alter fetal urine volume, urine electrolytes, and osmolality. Enzyme activities related to the hepatic and renal functions were not changed. In addition, maternal application of tanshinone IIA had no effect of maternal and fetal lipid profile. The results demonstrated that tanshinone IIA used during the last third of gestation did not cause the biochemical changes related to renal and liver functions in both the mother and fetus. This provides new information to guide the use of herbal medicine during pregnancy.     

Tanshinone IIA attenuates atherosclerosis in ApoE mice through down-regulation of scavenger receptor expression

This study is designed to investigate the protection of tanshinone IIA (TSIIA) against atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient (ApoE^−/−) mice and to explore the mechanisms by focusing on the expressions of scavenger receptors, scavenger receptor-A (SR-A) and CD36. The in vivo study demonstrated that TSIIA (10–90 mg/kg) inhibited the atherosclerotic lesions, down-regulated the CD68 protein expression in lesion and decreased the contents of cholesterol in aortas of ApoE^−/− mice. In addition, TSIIA reduced the serum levels of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) and down-regulated the mRNA expression of CD36, SR-A and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in aortas. The in vitro study showed that TSIIA (0.1–10 μM) decreased cholesterol level and DiI-oxLDL uptake in mouse peritoneal macrophages treated with oxLDL (50 μg/ml). In addition, TSIIA down-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of CD36 but not that of SR-A in oxLDL treated macrophages. TSIIA also down-regulated the mRNA expression of PPARγ in oxLDL treated macrophages. Furthermore, TSIIA reduced the mRNA expression of CD36 in macrophages treated with PPARγ agonist 15d-PGJ₂ (2 μM) or troglitazone (50 μM), whereas both 15d-PGJ₂ (0.5–1.5 μM) and troglitazone (5–20 μM) dose-dependently abolished the down-regulation of CD36 expression by TSIIA in oxLDL treated macrophages. These results suggest that TSIIA attenuates the atherosclerotic lesion in ApoE^−/− mice, which might be attributed to the properties of both anti-oxidation and down-regulation of scavenger receptors. Furthermore, antagonism of PPARγ might be involved in the down-regulation of CD36 by TSIIA.     

Effects of the coexisting diterpenoid tanshinones on the pharmacokinetics of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone IIA in rat

Tanshinone II_A and cryptotanshinone are the main pharmacologically active components in the Chinese herb drug Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of coexisting tanshinones in liposoluble ethanol extract of S. miltiorrhiza Bge. on the rat pharmacokinetics of tanshinone II_A and cryptotanshinone after oral intra-gavage administration of the tanshinones extract. Rats were given the tanshinones extract 23.3 mg/kg (equivalent to 5.7 mg/kg cryptotanshinone and 8.0 mg/kg tanshinone II_A), cryptotanshinone 5.7 mg/kg, or tanshinone II_A 8.0 mg/kg orally under overnight fasted conditions. Blood samples were taken at predetermined sampling time interval and the concentrations of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone II_A were determined by a validated LC–MS/MS method. The peak plasma concentrations of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone II_A were considerably increased (about 8 and 10 folds) after oral administration of the extract in comparison with the equivalent dose of single component administration, respectively. The areas under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone II_A were both significantly increased (P < 0.001) as well. Tanshinone II_A was also found after the administration of cryptotanshinone alone, and the fraction of metabolism of tanshinone II_A was 21.0 ± 4.1%. Therefore, the pharmacokinetics of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone II_A in rats after administration of the tanshinones extract were significantly affected by the coexisting tanshinones. In conclusion, the herb-drug interactions occurred between coexisting tanshinones and cryptotanshinone or tanshinone II_A affected their absorption, transformation and metabolism.     

降脂清肝汤加味治疗肝胆湿热型脂肪肝对脂代谢、肝功能及氧化应激反应的影响

目的探究降脂清肝汤加味治疗肝胆湿热型脂肪肝病人的疗效及对脂代谢、肝功能及氧化应激水平的影响。方法选取 2019年 7月至 2021年 9月南阳市中医院收治的肝胆湿热型脂肪肝病人 110例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,各 55例。对照组给予阿托伐他汀钙片;观察组在此基础上给予降脂清肝汤加味治疗。比较两组临床疗效,中医证候积分、脂代谢、肝功能及氧化应激指标,并记录治疗期间两组不良反应发生率。结果治疗后,两组中医证候积分、血清三酰甘油( TG)、总胆固醇( TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇( LDL-C)、谷草转氨酶( AST)、谷丙转氨酶( ALT)、丙二醛( MDA)水平均显著低于治疗前(P<0.05),观察组［(7.25±1.16)分、(2.14±0.42)mmol/L、(5.05±0.78)mmol/L、(2.25±0.35)mmol/L、(27.91±2.52)U/L、(27.13±2.21) U/L、(7.75±0.89)μmol/L］显著低于对照组［(9.86±1.29)分、(2.59±0.54)mmol/L、(5.49±0.65)mmol/L、(2.79±0.42)mmol/L、(33.43±3.50)U/L、(31.28±2.34)U/L、(9.21±1.03)μmol/L］(P<0.05);高密度脂蛋白胆固醇( HDL-C)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶( GSH-PX)、氧化物歧化酶( SOD)水平较治疗前显著升高( P<0.05)观察组［(1.47±0.48)mmol/L、(135.82±7.91)U/L、(38.43±3.81)U/L］较对超照组［( 1.32±0.28)mmol/L、(121.43±7.52)U/L、(33.51±4.10,)U/L］显著升高( P<0.05)。观察组临床疗效 90.91%(50/55)较对照组74.55%(41/55)更优( P<0.05),两组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义( P>0.05)。结论降脂清肝汤加味治疗肝胆湿热型脂肪肝可有效改善病人脂代谢、肝功能和氧化应激反应,疗效显著且安全性良好。     

An in vitro method of alcoholic liver injury using precision-cut liver slices from rats

Alcohol abuse results in liver injury, but investigations into the mechanism(s) for this injury have been hampered by the lack of appropriate in vitro culture models in which to conduct in depth and specific studies. In order to overcome these shortcomings, we have developed the use of precision-cut liver slices (PCLS) as an in vitro culture model in which to investigate how ethanol causes alcohol-induced liver injury. In these studies, it was shown that the PCLS retained excellent viability as determined by lactate dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels over a 96-h period of incubation. More importantly, the major enzymes of ethanol detoxification; alcohol dehydrogenase, aldehyde dehydrogenase, and cytochrome P4502E1, remained active and PCLS readily metabolized ethanol and produced acetaldehyde. Within 24 h and continuing up to 96h the PCLS developed fatty livers and demonstrated an increase in the redox state. These PCLS secreted albumin, and albumin secretion was decreased by ethanol treatment. All of these impairments were reversed following the addition of 4-methylpyrazole, which is an inhibitor of ethanol metabolism. Therefore, this model system appears to mimic the ethanol-induced changes in the liver that have been previously reported in human and animal studies, and may be a useful model for the study of alcoholic liver disease.     

丹参酮IIA磺酸钠对血管紧张素II诱导的心肌肥大及p-ERK表达的影响

目的:观察丹参酮IIA磺酸钠(STS)对血管紧张素II(Ang II)诱导的心肌肥大及p-ERK表达的影响。方法:培养新生大鼠心肌细胞,考马斯亮蓝法测定心肌细胞蛋白含量、[3H]-亮氨酸掺入法测定蛋白合成速率作为心肌肥大指标;用West-ern-blot测定p-ERK表达。结果:STS能显著降低Ang II诱导的心肌细胞总蛋白含量、蛋白合成速率上升,同时对p-ERK表达具有剂量、时间依赖性抑制作用。结论:STS可以抑制Ang II诱导的心肌肥大,机制与抑制p-ERK表达有关。     

Maddrey判别函数与酒精性肝病预后评估

目的探讨Maddrey判别函数在酒精性肝病预后评估中的应用。方法将酒精性肝病患者分为轻、中、重度组,比较各组患者的Maddrey函数评分,比较各组患者30d后的预后与Maddrey判别函数评分的关系。结果酒精性肝病患者的Maddrey判别函数评分随病情加重而增加（P〈0.05）,死亡组的Maddrey判别函数评分显著高于非死亡组（P〈0.05）。结论在酒精性肝病患者,Maddrey判别函数在其病情与预后评估方面具有重要意义。     

Effects of sleep deprivation on coronary heart disease

The presence of artificial light enables humans to be active 24 h a day. Many people across the globe live in a social culture that encourages staying up late to meet the demands of various activities, such as work and school. Sleep deprivation (SD) is a severe health problem in modern society. Meanwhile, as with cardiometabolic disease, there was an obvious tendency that coronary heart disease (CHD) to become a global epidemic chronic disease. Specifically, SD can significantly increase the morbidity and mortality of CHD. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the effects of SD on CHD are multilayered and complex. Inflammatory response, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and endothelial function all contribute to cardiovascular lesions. In this review, the effects of SD on CHD development are summarized, and SD-related pathogenesis of coronary artery lesions is discussed. In general, early assessment of SD played a vital role in preventing the harmful consequences of CHD.     

甘草酸二铵脂质复合物对大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝的治疗效果研究

目的:研究甘草酸二铵脂质复合物(甘平,DGLL)对大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝(NAFLD)的治疗作用。方法:以高脂饲料喂养方式建立大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝模型,证实造模成功后随机分为空白对照组、模型组、多烯磷脂酰胆碱组和甘平高中低(900、300、100mg/kg)剂量组。给药4周后,处死所有动物,检测血脂、氧化应激、肝功能、胰岛素相关等指标,并观察肝脏组织病理学变化。结果:甘平能显著降低NAFLD大鼠的转氨酶(ALT、AST)活力、丙二醛(MDA)含量、TNF-α水平、空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)水平和空腹胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR),升高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力,改善NAFLD大鼠的总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)水平。结论:甘平可以用来治疗大鼠NAFLD,其机制可能与抗氧化作用及改善胰岛素抵抗有关。     

深绿木霉D16生物菌肥对丹参生长和次生代谢的影响

目的 研究深绿木霉D16固体菌肥不同剂量在盆栽和大田环境下对丹参苗生长和次生代谢的影响,为深绿木霉生物菌肥在生产上的应用提供参考。方法 分别在温室和陕西商洛丹参规范化生产基地开展实验,设置不同剂量（5、15、25 g）的D16菌肥处理组3组,25 g不加菌的固体菌种培养基为对照组,测定不同剂量D16菌肥对丹参苗生物量、有效成分含量的影响。结果 不同剂量的D16菌肥对丹参生长和有效成分积累均有显著影响,施用15 g的菌肥用量效果较优,收获时在盆栽和大田环境下干重分别是同期对照组的5.61倍和1.42倍,有效成分含量最高可达盆栽同期对照组的27.91倍和大田同期对照组的1.89倍。结论 15 g的深绿木霉菌肥能显著促进丹参苗的生长和有效成分积累,为内生真菌提升中药质量的生产实践做出了有益的探索。     

Betaine treatment decreased oxidative stress,inflammation, and stellate cell activation in rats with alcoholic liver fibrosis

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of betaine (BET) on alcoholic liver fibrosis in rats. Fibrosis was experimentally generated with ethanol plus carbon tetrachloride (ETH + CCl₄) treatment. Rats were treated with ETH (5% v/v in drinking water) for 14 weeks. CCl₄ was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 0.2 mL/kg twice a week to rats in the last 6 weeks with/without commercial food containing BET (2% w/w). Serum hepatic damage markers, tumor necrosis factor-α, hepatic triglyceride (TG) and hydroxyproline (HYP) levels, and oxidative stress parameters were measured together with histopathologic observations. In addition, α-smooth muscle-actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and type I collagen (COL1A1) protein expressions were assayed immunohistochemically to evaluate stellate cell (HSC) activation. mRNA expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and its inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2) were also determined. BET treatment diminished TG and HYP levels; prooxidant status and fibrotic changes; α-SMA, COL1A1 and TGF-β protein expressions; MMP-2, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA expressions in the liver of fibrotic rats. In conclusion, these results indicate that the antifibrotic effect of BET may be related to its suppressive effects on oxidant and inflammatory processes together with HSC activation in alcoholic liver fibrosis.     

多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合中药汤剂治疗酒精性脂肪肝临床观察

目的探讨多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合中药汤剂治疗酒精性脂肪肝的临床疗效。方法 56例酒精性脂肪肝患者,随机分为治疗组和对照组。对照组28例,使用多烯磷脂酰胆碱,每次2粒,每日3次口服。治疗组28例,在以多烯磷脂酰胆碱治疗脂肪肝的同时,应用四君子汤为基本方的中药方剂联合治疗。连续观察8周,比较两组的治疗效果。结果所有患者均完成治疗,未出现明显毒副作用,治疗组的总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论多烯磷脂酰胆碱联合中药方剂治疗酒精性脂肪肝效果确切。     

丹参酮对实验性心肌肥厚大鼠凋亡相关因子表达的影响

目的探讨丹参酮对异丙肾上腺素诱导的心肌细胞肥大的影响。方法采用皮下注射异丙肾上腺素造成心肌肥厚大鼠模型,通过免疫组织化学方法观察丹参酮对肥大心肌细胞凋亡相关因子Fas、Bcl-2表达的影响。结果异丙肾上腺素组大鼠心肌肥厚,Fas、Bcl-2基因表达增加（P〈0.05）,加入丹参酮干预后,Fas基因表达减弱（P〈0.05）,Bcl-2基因表达增加（P〈0.05）。结论丹参酮具有保护心肌,预防心肌肥厚的作用,其机制可能与抑制Fas基因表达,增加Bcl-2基因表达有关。     

还原型谷胱甘肽治疗酒精性脂肪肝临床疗效观察

目的应用还原型谷胱甘肽治疗酒精性肝病，并进行临床观察。方法静脉滴注还原型谷胱甘肽治疗酒精性肝病33例（其中共选取病例63例，随机分成两组）与护肝片30例对照比较，结果还原型谷胱甘肽组患者肝功能指标改善明显优于对照组，两组比较差异有统计学意义，P〈0．01。结论还原型谷胱甘肽治疗酒精性肝病对恢复肝功能指标疗效确切，安全性良好，可作为酒精性肝病的一种有效药物。     

硫普罗宁对酒精性肝损伤大鼠的干预作用

目的:探讨硫普罗宁对大鼠酒精性肝损伤的干预作用。方法:用酒精灌胃建立酒精性肝病大鼠模型,成模后模型组随机分为干预组、未干预组和干预对照组,4周后处死,分别测量肝功生化指标,肝组织巯基和丙二醛含量,光学显微镜下观察肝脏组织病理变化。结果:模型组肝功生化指标与还原性巯基含量均明显异常;硫普罗宁干预后血清肝功能各指标均显著改善,肝组织巯基含量明显增加(P<0.01),丙二醛含量下降(P<0.05),同时肝脏病理变化明显改善。干预对照组指标改善优于硫普罗宁干预组(P<0.01)。结论:还原性巯基减少是酒精性肝病的重要变化,补充还原性巯基可以减轻或改善肝细胞损伤程度,但戒酒仍是首选和重要的干预治疗办法。     

丹参活性成分及制剂改善脑侧支循环及促进血管生成的药理作用研究进展

丹参Salvia miltiorrhiza作为临床上常用的活血化瘀药,其药理作用广泛,尤其在治疗脑血管病上方面效果良好,其主要活性成分和制剂均具有良好的改善脑侧支循环及促进血管生成的药理作用。通过对改善脑侧支循环和血管生成的丹参活性成分（丹参素类和丹参酮类）和丹参类制剂（丹参注射剂如注射用丹参多酚酸、注射用丹参多酚酸盐、丹红注射液及口服制剂如复方丹参滴丸、复方丹参片、复方丹参颗粒等）的药理作用进行综述,为临床合理用药以及与侧支循环和血管生成相关的脑血管病治疗提供依据。     

Agrimonia eupatoria protects against chronic ethanol-induced liver injury in rats

This study examined the hepatoprotective effects of Agrimonia eupatoria water extract (AE) against chronic ethanol-induced liver injury. Rats were fed a Lieber–DeCarli liquid diet for 8 weeks. Animals were treated orally with AE at 10, 30, 100, and 300 mg/kg/day. After chronic consumption of ethanol, serum aminotransferase activities and pro-inflammatory cytokines markedly increased, and those increases were attenuated by AE. The cytochrome P450 2E1 activity and lipid peroxidation increased after chronic ethanol consumption, while reduced glutathione concentration decreased. Those changes were attenuated by AE. Chronic ethanol consumption increased the levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 protein expression, inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 protein and mRNA expression, and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B, which was attenuated by AE. Our results suggest that AE ameliorates chronic ethanol-induced liver injury, and that protection is likely due to the suppression of oxidative stress and TLR-mediated inflammatory signaling.     

三七对酒精性肝病大鼠肝组织SREBP1c表达的影响

目的:观察三七对酒精性肝病(ALD)大鼠肝组织固醇调节元件结合蛋白(SREBP)1c表达的影响。方法:110只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组30只,模型组35只,三七高、低剂量组和硫普罗宁组各15只,连续14周白酒-玉米油-吡唑混合液灌胃建立ALD模型,同时三七高、低剂量组和硫普罗宁组分别灌服1.2、0.6 g/(kg.d)的三七粉及0.1 g/(kg.d)的硫普罗宁;4周、8周、14周分别处死正常组大鼠10只,模型组8只;14周处死剩余大鼠。光镜观察肝脂肪变、炎症及纤维化程度,RT-PCR法检测肝组织SREBP1c及其下游靶基因乙酰辅酶A合成酶(ACS)、脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)mRNA表达,免疫组化法检测肝组织SREBP1c蛋白表达。结果:(1)各时间点模型组大鼠肝组织脂肪变及炎症程度计分较同期正常组明显增高(P<0.01)。(2)正常组大鼠肝脏可见一定量SREBP1c、ACS、FAS mRNA表达,随时间延长模型组大鼠3个基因的表达均逐步增加,8周、14周时较正常组和模型4周组明显增高(P<0.01或0.05)。(3)模型8周、14周组较同期正常组肝组织SREBP1c表达明显增高(P<0.01或0.05)。(4)三七高、低剂量组及硫普罗宁组大鼠14周肝组织脂肪变及炎症程度、肝脏SREBP1c蛋白以及3个目标基因的表达均较模型组明显降低(P<0.01或0.05)。结论:三七可明显减轻ALD大鼠肝组织脂肪变和炎症程度,抑制肝脏脂代谢关键信号分子SREBP1c mRNA和蛋白及其靶基因ACS、FASmRNA的表达,从而改善肝组织病理,阻止ALD的慢性化进程。     

赣州市酒精性肝病人群的调查研究

目的：对赣州市酒精性肝病的调查结果进行分析探讨,为今后的防治工作提供可靠的参考依据。方法选取2013年1月~2014年12月赣州市上报酒精性肝病患者1233例,对其临床资料进行整理,并展开统计分析。结果调查中发现,男性患者多于女性患者（P<0.05）,跃40岁患者所占比例最高（P<0.05）;日均酒精摄入量、饮酒年限与酒精性肝病肝脏损伤程度呈正相关（P<0.05）。结论饮酒年龄、年限、职业、受教育程度等均与酒精性肝病的发生存在显著相关性,值得关注。