1052例Y染色体微缺失检测及14例微缺失家系调查

目的:通过对不育患者进行Y染色体微缺失筛查以及部分微缺失患者的家系追踪调查,探讨Y染色体微缺失父子间的自然垂直遗传特点。方法:对1 052例患者进行Y染色体无精子因子(AZF)检测,并对12例AZFc缺失患者,1例AZFb和1例AZFb+c缺失患者进行家系追踪调查,绘制AZF缺失患者男性直系家族成员男性不育家系系谱图。结果:1 052例患者,共发现Y染色体微缺失89例,其中AZFc缺失56例,AZFa缺失6例,AZFb缺失5例,AZFb+c缺失14例,AZFa+b+c缺失8例。在追踪调查的AZF缺失家系中,AZFb和AZFb+c仅先证者存在缺失,12例AZFc缺失患者中5例重度少精子症患者存在家族垂直遗传,另外1例重度少精子症患者和6例无精子症患者家系中除先证者有缺失外,其家系成员未发现缺失。结论:通过对Y染色体微缺失患者进一步的家系调查发现,仅重度少精子症的AZFc缺失患者可能由父亲垂直遗传而来,但与父系表型有差异。对AZF缺失的无精子症患者,无论何种缺失类型,由父亲垂直遗传而来的可能都不大。     

中国汉族人群AZFc微缺失区域序列标签位点的探讨

目的:探讨中国人群无精子因子c(azoosperm ia factor c,AZFc)微缺失的类型及AZF多重PCR筛查时序列标签位点(sequence taged sites,STSs)的选择。方法:采用多重PCR反应测定9个STS位点(sY84、sY86、sY127、sY134、sY152、sY145、sY255、sY254、sY157)筛查164例严重少精子症或非梗阻性无精子症汉族男性Y染色体微缺失,并以精子浓度正常的男性105例作为对照;同时对来自多中心的180例已确诊为sY254、sY255缺失的男性进行sY145、sY152和sY157位点分析。结果:164例严重少精子症或无精子症男性中AZFc缺失者14例(8.5%);共194例sY254、sY255缺失男性的sY145、sY152均未缺失,而sY157未缺失者仅2例。发现1例单sY157缺失的严重少精子症男性为sY1206缺失和DAZ基因中DAZ3/DAZ4基因拷贝缺失。结论:sY254、sY255和sY157缺失是中国人群AZFc缺失的最常见类型;sY145和sY152微缺失在入选的研究对象中未曾出现,因此不建议作为AZFc常规筛查的位点。"sY157的单一缺失"可能是中国人群AZFc部分缺失的一种新类型,其临床意义值得进一步探讨。     

原发性无精子症与严重少精子症患者AZF微缺失筛查

目的:观察Y染色体AZF微缺失与原发性无精子症和严重少精子症之间的关系。方法:所有筛选入实验组的研究对象均进行外周血生殖内分泌激素卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、睾酮(T)的检测及染色体核型分析,排除激素水平异常者及染色体结构与数目异常者。将符合纳入标准的实验对象67例分为原发性无精子症组(A组)49例与原发性严重少精子症组(B组)18例,正常生育男性对照(C组)40例。确定了8个实验用序列标签位点(STS),分别是:sY84、sY86、sY127、sY134、sY152、sY153、sY254、sY255,并以X/Y连锁锌指蛋白基因(ZFX/Y)为内对照进行多重PCR筛查AZF微缺失。结果:67例实验组样本中,共检测出AZF微缺失8例,缺失率为11.94%,其中AZFc区缺失的有4例,AZFa+AZFc区缺失的有2例,AZFb+AZFc区缺失的有1例,AZFb区缺失的有1例。对照组未检出AZF基因微缺失。经χ2检验,实验组与对照组AZF区域STS总缺失率有显著性差异,实验组高于对照组。结论:Y染色体长臂AZF微缺失与原发性无精子症和严重少精子症相关,多重PCR是一种快速、有效的筛查方法。     

精子生成障碍患者Y染色体AZFc区部分缺失分析

目的:探讨人类Y染色体无精子症因子C区(AZFc)部分缺失对男性精子生成的影响。方法:选择Y染色体AZFc区9个序列标签位点(STS)sY1258、sY1291、sY254、sY255、sY1201、sY1206、sY1161、sY1197、sY1191,以ZFX/ZFY(X/Y连锁锌指蛋白基因)和SRY(sY14)基因为内对照。对160例Y染色体微缺失筛查均未发现缺失的无精子症及严重少精子症患者,76例正常生育男性DNA进行多重PCR扩增。疑有DAZ基因缺失的个体,采用基因单核苷酸变异分析(single nucleotide variants,SNV)技术,对DAZ基因4个拷贝中的单核苷酸多态位点进行检测,以确定DAZ基因的拷贝缺失类型。结果:160例无精子症及严重少精子症患者(病例组)gr/gr(sY1291)缺失10例,占6.3%;b2/b3(sY1191)缺失14例,占8.8%;新发现sY1291,sY1197缺失1例,占0.6%;b1/b2缺失1例,占0.6%;b1/b3缺失1例,占0.6%。76例正常生育男性(对照组)检出gr/gr缺失4例,占5.3%;b2/b3缺失4例,占5.3%。gr/gr缺失和b1/b3缺失(对照组和病例组)SNV分析均为DAZ1/DAZ2缺失;b2/b3缺失(对照组和病例组)SNV分析均为DAZ3/DAZ4缺失。1例sY1291,sY1197缺失的DAZ-SNVsY587位点缺失,1例b1/b2缺失者DAZ基因未缺失。结论:b2/b3(sY1191)缺失、gr/gr(sY1291)缺失在我国正常人群中多见,为基因组多态性;b1/b2缺失、b1/b3缺失和sY1291,sY1197缺失可能是导致精子生成障碍的高风险因子。     

1个Y染色体微缺失合并19号染色体臂间倒位的家系分析

目的:对1个男性不育家系进行细胞和分子遗传学分析。方法:分析不育家系中3例男性的临床症状,并采用染色体核型分析、序列标签位点-PCR(STS-PCR)和多重连接依赖探针扩增(MLPA)等方法进行检测。结果:先证者及其哥哥的染色体核型为46,XY,inv(19)(p13.3q13.1),其父亲为46,XY;3例男性均为Y染色体AZFc区缺失携带者,MLPA检测发现三者在AZFb、AZFc区有相同的基因拷贝数的减少。结论:联合应用核型分析、Y染色体STS-PCR和MLPA等多种方法,揭示了1个男性不育家系的遗传学病因。     

Y染色体AZFc微缺失规律的研究

目的:探讨中国汉族人群Y染色体AZFc微缺失的规律。方法:采用9个STS位点(sY84、sY86、sY127、sY134、sY152、sY145、sY255、sY254、sY157)的多重PCR,排除sY84、sY86、sY127、sY134缺失的患者,共有194例严重少弱精子症或非梗阻性无精子症汉族男性发生AZFc微缺失;对其中192例sY254、sY255、sY157缺失的患者,再通过sY1191、sY1197、sY1054、sY1125及sY1206 STS位点检测,分析其缺失规律。结果:192例sY254、sY255、sY157缺失患者存在5种缺失模式,其中常见的为sY1197(+)、sY1191(-)、sY1206(-)、sY1054(-)、sY1125(+),占54.17%(104/192);sY1197(+)、sY1191(+)、sY1206(-)、sY1054(-)、sY1125(+),占28.12%(54/192);sY1197(+)、sY1191(-)、sY1206(-)、sY1054(+)、sY1125(+),占14.58%(28/192)。70.83%的AZFc微缺失患者,近端缺失区域发生在sY1197和sY1191之间(属于b2区域);82.29%的AZFc微缺失患者,远端缺失区域发生在sY1054和sY1125之间(属于b4区域)。结论:中国汉族人群AZFc微缺失有5种缺失模式,AZFc微缺失近、远端缺失位点基本集中于复制子b2和b4。     

Y染色体基因微缺失在严重少精子症和无精子症中的应用

目的 利用Y染色体基因微缺失的检测来明确少精子症、无精子症患者病因.方法 采用多重聚合酶链反应技术,针对31例严重少精子症和9例无精子症患者与对照组41名已正常生育的男性,进行AZFa、AZFb、AZFc、3个区域共12个序列标签位点(sequence tag site,STS)的微缺失分析.结果 严重少精子症31例中发现Y染色体微缺失6例,无精子症9例中发现Y染色体微缺失3例,而正常对照组41例均未发现Y染色体微缺失.此研究中发现缺失形式有2种,分别是AZFa+AZFb+AZFc区的全缺失和AZFc区的单独缺失.结论 Y染色体微缺失与精子发生障碍导致的不育有一定的联系.     

1例嵌合型Klinefelter综合征患者细胞与分子遗传学研究

目的:观察嵌合型Klinefelter综合征的外周血染色体、Y染色体上SRY基因和AZF基因微缺失发生情况。方法:对1例嵌合型Klinefelter综合征患者及父母进行外周血染色体核型分析,确定9个实验用序列标签位点(STS),分别是:sY84、sY86、sY127、sY129、sY134、sY254、sY255、sY242、sY152,同时检测SRY基因,并以X/Y连锁锌指蛋白基因(ZFX/ZFY)为内对照进行多重PCR筛查AZF微缺失。结果:患者核型为46,XY/47,XXY/48,XXYY/49,XXXXY,其中48,XXYY占56%;47,XXY占30%;46,XY占12%;49,XXXXY占2%,患者父母核型正常;患者及父母SRY基因检测与染色体性别一致,患者检出Y染色体AZF微缺失,缺失位点为sY86和sY127,缺失类型为AZFa+AZFb缺失。结论:Klinefelter综合征患者存在Y染色体AZF微缺失,染色体核型分析和Y染色体AZF微缺失是Klinefelter综合征患者重要的遗传检测指标。     

无精症患者Y染色体微缺失的多重PCR筛查

目的 建立一套Y染色体微缺失的多重PCR筛查方法。方法 建立5套稳定和可靠的多重PCR筛查方法，对进行ICSI治疗的26例无精子症患者和进行睾丸活检的30例无精子症患者进行Y染色体微缺失的检测。结果 在56例无精子症患者中发现5例AZFc／DAZ缺失，2例同时具有AZFc／DAZ和AZFb／RBMl的缺失，1例仅具有sY153一个片段的缺失。结论 本研究Y染色体微缺失的多重PCR筛查方法是易行和可靠的，对无精子症患者有必要进行Y染色体微缺失的常规筛查。     

精索静脉曲张男性不育患者Y染色体微缺失检测

目的:探讨精索静脉曲张(varicocele,VC)不育患者Y染色体微缺失特点及其与临床表型的关系,为评价VC不育患者是否行手术治疗或ICSI提供依据。方法:VC不育患者174例,分为3组,A组:无精子症47例;B组:严重少精子症57例;C组:轻度少精子症70例;设立正常生育的健康志愿者男性28例作为对照组(D组)。抽取外周血提取DNA,选取Y染色体上AZFa、AZFb、AZFc区共6个序列标签位点,应用多重PCR进行扩增;已生育女性26例作为阴性对照,分别运用琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离,对照阅读扩增产物,判定有无缺失存在以及缺失类型。结果:174例男性不育患者中有22例检测到Y染色体微缺失,缺失率12.64%;A组11例存在微缺失,B组11例存在微缺失,C组未检测到微缺失。A组与C组、B组与C组比较,差异均有显著性。A组缺失病例中有6例为AZFc区缺失,1例为AZFa缺失,2例为AZFb区缺失,2例为AZFb、AZFc区共同缺失;B组缺失病例中有8例为AZFc缺失,2例为AZFb缺失,1例为AZFb、AZFc区共同缺失。结论:①精液异常VC不育与Y染色体微缺失有关;②VC不育患者特别是无精子症和严重少精子症患者,应该进行Y染色体微缺失的检测。     

Outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection in oligozoospermic men with Y chromosome AZFb or AZFc microdeletions

We investigated whether the presence of Y chromosome azoospermia factor (AZF) microdeletions impacts upon the outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using fresh ejaculated spermatozoa. Sixteen oligozoospermia patients with Y chromosome AZFb or AZFc microdeletions and undergoing ICSI cycles between March 2013 and November 2014 were studied. Twenty‐six infertile men with normal Y chromosomes and also undergoing IVF/ICSI in the same time period were used as controls. A retrospective case–control study approach was used. Among the 16 cases, 12 (75%, 12/16) had deletions of AZFc markers (sY152, sY254 and sY255), one (6.25%, 1/16) had a deletion of sY152, and two (12.5%, 2/16) had deletions of sY152, sY254, sY255 and sY157. AZFb microdeletions were found in one patient (6.25%, 1/16). There were no significant differences between groups for cleaved embryo rate, high‐grade embryo rate, blastocyst formation rate, embryo implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and delivery rate. The clinical outcomes of ICSI for oligozoospermic patients with Y chromosome AZF microdeletion are comparable to those of infertile patients with normal Y chromosomes. Our findings indicate that ICSI should be offered to patients with an AZFc deletion and that oligozoospermia patients with AZFb microdeletions are likely to father children.     

Vertical transmission of the Yq AZFc microdeletion from father to son over two or three generations in infertile Han Chinese families

This study was carried out to analyze the vertical transmission of Yq AZFc microdeletions from father to son in infertile Han Chinese families to investigate genetic factors and family background affecting fertility status.The peripheral blood of infertile males in 19 Han families was extracted and screened with modified multiplex polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Family trees were drawn according to fertility status and clinical characteristics of the subjects. The vertical transmission of Yq AZFc microdeletions was detected in six cases of 19 investigated families （31.6%,6/19）. Although both fathers and sons showed a similar type of Yq AZFc deletion,the fathers were fertile,whereas the sons were infertile and showed severe oligozoospermia. The vertical transmission of Yq AZFc microdeletion from fertile fathers to infertile sons over generations is not rare. This has different effects on fertility status in fathers and sons in Han Chinese families. Both genetic factors and family background affect spermatogenetic phenotypes.     

Molecular genetic analysis of microdeletion on AZF/DAZ gene in patients with idiopathic azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia in Fujian

Objective: To identify microdeletions in azoospermia factor(AZF) gene loci in patients with idiopathic azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia in Fujian. Methods: Molecular genetic detection method was used to detect microdeletion at the AZFa, AZFb, AZFc /DAZ,SRY region of Y chromosome in 47 azoospermia and 4 severe oligozoospermia patients. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. The sequence tagged site (STS) primers tested in each cases were sY84(AZFa), sY 143(AZFb) sY254(AZFc).SRY region of Y chromosome for control. The PCR products were analyzed on a 2.0% agarose gel. Results: Microdeletions of the Y-chromosomal AZF loci were revealed in 18(35.3%,18/51) of 51 patients with idiopathic azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia. AZFa deletion was found in four (7.8%) patients, AZF b in five (9.8%) patients, AZF c in four (7.8%) patients. AZF a+b in one(1.9%)patient, AZF b+c in two (3.9%) patients, AZF a+b+c in two (3.9%)patients respectively. No deletion of SRY region was found. No deletion of AZF a, AZF b, AZF c/DAZ,SRY regions was found in five fertile male who had at least one or more children. Conclusions: Microdeletions on AZF/DAZ gene loci were major genetics defects leading to azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia in male idiopathic infertility in Fujian. It is necessary to have genetic counseling and carry out microdeletion detection on AZF/DAZ gene loci before performing intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).     

无精子症和严重少精子症患者AZF/DAZ基因微缺失的分子生物学检测

目的　用分子生物学方法检测无精子症和严重少精子症患者无精子基因 (AZF)AZF/DAZ基因微缺失。　方法　应用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)技术对无精子症 4 7例、严重少精子症 4例进行Y染色体AZFa、AZFb、AZFc/DAZ、SRY的微缺失检测。　结果　 5 1例患者缺失率为 35 .3% (18/ 5 1) ,其中AZFa、AZFb、AZFc的微缺失分别为 4例 (7.8% )、5例 (9.8% )和 4例 (7.8% )。无精子症患者 1例 (1.9% )为AZFa、AZFb的双重缺失 ,2例 (3.9% )为AZFb、AZFc的双重缺失 ;2例 (3.9% )为AZFa、AZFb和AZFc的三重缺失 ;5 1例SRY基因PCR扩增均为阳性。 5例已有生育的正常男性均无AZFa、AZFb、AZFc、SRY的微缺失。　结论　AZF/DAZ(包括AZFa、AZFb、AZFc/DAZ)基因的微缺失是引起无精子和严重少精子导致男性不育的重要原因之一。AZF/DAZ基因微缺失的分子生物学检测对不明原因的不育男性行胞浆内单精子注射 (ICSI)时有指导意义。     

AZF deletion in patients with azoospermia and Oligozoospermia

AZF deletion in patients with azoospermia and Oligozoospermia     

精子发生障碍患者Y染色体AZF区微缺失的筛查及意义

目的　探讨精子发生障碍患者Y染色体AZF区微缺失情况及意义。　方法　选取 6个Y染色体特异性序列标签位点 (STS) ,用PCR技术检测 2 7例精子发生障碍患者AZF区微缺失情况。　结果　 2 7例中AZF区微缺失 2例 ,表现为无精症。缺失均在AZFc区 ,1例为DAZ(sY2 5 4、sY2 5 5 )缺失 ,另 1例为DAZ加sY15 7缺失。　结论　与其他人种一样 ,Y染色体AZF区微缺失也可能是中国人精子发生障碍的原因之一 ,因而精子发生障碍患者在行辅助生育技术前进行AZF区微缺失的筛查是必要的。     

Uniform deletion junctions of complete azoospermia factor region c deletion in infertile men in Taiwan

Aim： To determine the deletion junctions of infertile men in Taiwan with azoospermia factor region c （AZFc） deletions and to evaluate the genotype/phenotype correlation. Methods： Genomic DNAs from 460 infertile men were examined. Bacterial artificial chromosome clones were used to verify the accuracy of polymerase chain reaction. Deletion junctions of the AZFc region were determined by analysis of sequence-tagged sites and gene-specific markers. Results： Complete AZFc deletions, including BPY2, CDY1 and DAZ genes, were identified in 24 men. The proximal breakpoints were clustered between sY1197 and sY1192, and the distal breakpoints were clustered between sY1054 and sYl125 in all but one of the 24 men. The testicular phenotypes of men with complete AZFc deletion varied from oligozoospermia, to hypospematogenesis, to maturation arrest. Conclusion： We identified a group of infertile men with uniform deletion junctions of AZFc in the Taiwan population. Despite this homogeneous genetic defect in the AZFc region, no clear genotypedphenotype correlation could be demonstrated. （Asian JAndrol 2006 Mar; 8： 205-211）     

特发性不育患者外周血和睾丸组织中无精子因子基因表达的比较研究

目的 探讨男性特发性不育患者外周血和睾丸组织中无精子因子(AZF)基因表达的临床意义.方法 特发性不育患者62例,其中严重少精子症29例.无精子症33例.抽取患者外周血样本检测,8对引物为sY84和sY86(AZFa区).sY127和sY134(AZFb区),sY254和sY255(AZFc区)及内对照SRY(sY14)和ZFY.PCR检测包括MixA:SRY(sY14)-ZFY-sY84-sY134-sY255和MixB:SRY(sY14)-ZFY-sY86-sY127-sY254;穿刺获得患者睾丸标本,Trizol方法提取总RNA,反转录为cDNA.PCR检测包括SRY(sY14)-DFFRY-RBM-DAZ-β-actin.结果 外周血PCR结果显示:62例患者中AZF基因微缺失12例(19.4%),其中无精子症组9例,严重少精子症组3例.睾丸组织RT-PCR结果显示:62例均可见SRY阳性表达;RBM mRNA无表达2例,RBM和DAZ mRNA无表达1例,DAZ mRNA无表达12例,其中3例外周血细胞内DAZ基因正常.结论 特发性不育患者睾丸组织存在AZF基因表达缺失,睾丸组织RT-PCR检测有助于确定患者病因,结合外周血PCR检测有助于指导睾丸精子穿刺一胞浆内单精子注射治疗.