反义寡脱氧核苷酸对脯氨酸4—羟化酶mRNA表达的抑制作用

观察反义寡脱氧核苷酸对脯氨酰４－羟化酶两种亚基ｍＲＮＡ表达的影响。方法采用定量ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术检测培养的人皮肤成纤维细胞中Ｐ４ＨｍＲＮＡ的相对含量。含量：不同浓度（０．１,０．２,０５,１．０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ）反义ＯＤＮ处理组,人皮肤成纤维细胞中Ｐ４ＨｍＲＮＡ表达水平均显著低于对照组及错配ＯＤＮ处理组,其中０．１、０．２μｍｏｌ／Ｌ反义ＯＤＮＡ作用２０ｈ时,抑制效应达到最大,５０－７０ｈ后,逐渐恢复到     

反义寡脱氧核苷酸对人肝癌裸鼠模型生长及转移的影响

目的 观察反义Ｈ－ｒａｓ寡脱氧核苷酸（ＯＤＮ）对高表达蛋白ｐ２１Ｈ- ｒａｓ的人肝癌高转移裸鼠模型ＬＣＩ－Ｄ２０细胞生长、凋亡及转移潜能的影响。方法原代培养ＬＣＩ－Ｄ２０细胞，经１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度反义ＯＤＮ处理后，以１．５×１０细胞数分别接种于１４只裸鼠皮下缝制皮囊内：６只接种反义Ｈ－ｒａｓＯＤＮ处理细胞，４只接种Ｈ－ｒａｓ非特异性反义ＯＤＮ处理细胞，余４只接种未作处理的对照细胞。结果反义Ｈ－ｒａｓ对ＬＣＩ－Ｄ２０细胞增殖具有显著抑制作用（ｔ＝３１．５２９，Ｐ＜０．０１），反义ＯＤＮ处理细胞，Ｓ期比率（３６．０±１．４）显著低于对照组（５８．５±０．９，ｔ＝１３．５１９，Ｐ＜０．０１），而Ｇ１／Ｇ０期比率（５６．７％±１．１％）高于对照组（３７．４±０．７，ｔ＝１４．８０２，Ｐ＜０．０１）；反义Ｈ－ｒａｓＯＤＮ处理细胞的凋亡发生率（３４．０％±４．５％）显著高于对照组（２．５％±１．２％，ｔ＝１３．４３４，Ｐ＜０．０１）；反义Ｈ－ｒａｓ处理对ＬＣＩ－Ｄ２０细胞在接种动物体内的生长具有显著延迟抑制作用（ｔ＝３．５０９，ｔ＝３．４５２，Ｐ＜０．０１）；接种动物的肺转移率，反义Ｈ－ｒａｓＯＤＮ处理组显著低于对照组。     

反义寡核苷酸体外抑制丙型肝炎病毒的研究

研究反义寡核苷酸体外抑制丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）的方法。方法以重组丙型肝炎病毒（ｐＣＤ－ＨＣＶ）转染的Ｈ９细胞为对象，通过半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应和ｄｏｔＥＬＩＳＡ检测ＨＣＶｍＲＮＡ和抗原表达的变化，观察与ＨＣＶ结构区（包括ＡＵＧ）互补和同源以及随机的硫代磷酸化寡核苷酸（ＰＳ－ＡＳＯＮ、ＰＳ－ＯＤＮ、ｒＰＳ－ＯＤＮ）对ＨＣＶ的抑制作用。结果ＰＳ－ＡＳＯＮ和ＰＳ－ＯＤＮ可有效地进入靶细胞并在体外与靶基因杂交结合，终浓度为１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＰＳ－ＯＤＮ、ｒＰＳ－ＯＤＮ对ＨＣＶ均无抑制作用，但ＰＳ－ＡＳＯＮ可明显降低ＨＣＶｍＲＮＡ和抗原表达水平，具有药物浓度和时间依赖效应，脂质体修饰可增强ＰＳ－ＡＳＯＮ的反义抑制作用，磷酸钙修饰却无此作用。结论与ＨＣＶ互补的ＰＳ－ＡＳＯＮ是ＨＣＶ的反义寡核苷酸，在翻译水平上具有反义抑制作用。     

脓毒血症时大鼠心血管系统血红素加氧酶的变化

目的：探讨脓毒血症时心血管系统血红素加氧酶（ｈｅｍｅ ｏｘｙｇｅｎａｓｅ,ＨＯ）的变化及作用。方法：盲肠结扎穿孔法复制大鼠腹膜炎脓毒血症模型,术后９ ｈ 和１８ ｈ 测血流动力学指标及血浆乳酸脱氢酶（ｌａｃｔａｔｅ ｄｅｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎａｓｅ,ＬＤＨ）,取心、主动脉测ＨＯ 活性和丙二醛（ｍａｌｏｎｄｉａｌｄｅｈｙｄｅ,ＭＤＡ） 含量,Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ Ｂｌｏｔ 测ＨＯ１ｍＲＮＡ 表达。结果：早期组血流动力学指标及血浆ＬＤＨ 无明显变化,心脏与主动脉ＭＤＡ 含量分别增加６０．３ ％ 和９６ ．５ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） ,心脏ＨＯ 活性比对照组升高７２ ．１％ （Ｐ＜ ０．０１） ,主动脉ＨＯ 活性无明显变化。晚期组血压降低、心功能下降,血浆ＬＤＨ与组织ＭＤＡ含量升高,心脏ＨＯ 活性仍维持高水平,主动脉ＨＯ 活性比早期组增加２６１ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０．０１）。心脏ＨＯ１ ｍ ＲＮＡ表达与ＨＯ 活性变化趋势相同;早、晚期主动脉ＨＯ１ｍＲＮＡ表达分别增加４９ ．２％ （Ｐ＜ ０．０５） 和１４３％（ Ｐ＜０ ．０１） 。结论：脓毒血症时心脏与主动脉ＨＯ 活性及ＨＯ１ ｍＲＮＡ 表达增加,但变化趋势不同;ＨＯ可能与早期机体的抗损伤机制和晚期低血压的形成有     

纤维蛋白原、极低密度脂蛋白对人脐静脉内皮细胞t-PA和PAI-1mRNA含量的影响

目的　拟建立逆转录－聚合酶链式反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）半定量法,探讨纤维蛋白原（Ｆｇ）、极低密度脂蛋白（ＶＬＤＬ）对人脐静脉内皮细胞（ＨＵＶＥＣｓ）组织型纤溶酶原激活物（ｔ－ＰＡ）、Ｉ型纤溶酶原灭活剂（ＰＡＩ－ｌ）ｍ ＲＮＡ 表达的影响。　方法　（ｌ）用异硫氰酸胍一步法（ＴＲＩｚｏｌ试剂）提取细胞总ＲＮＡ,用单管ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ 法、三对引物分别逆转录、扩增ｔ－ＰＡ,ＰＡＩ－１ 及内参照三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶（ＧＡＰＤＨ）的特异性片段,扩增产物经２．０％ 琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离后,用凝胶图像分析仪照相、计算各条带分子量并扫描其光密度值（ｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｅｄ ｄｅｎｓｉｔｙ ｖａｌｕｅ,ＩＤＶ）,ｔ－ＰＡ、ＰＡＩ－１ ｍ ＲＮＡ的ＩＤＶ 用ＧＡＰＤＨ ｍ ＲＮＡ 的ＩＤＶ 进行校正,其相对表达量用各实验组与对照组比较的倍数表示。（２）以ＥＬＩＳＡ 法测定内皮细胞（ＥＣ）培养上清液（ＣＭ）中ｔ－ＰＡ,ＰＡＩ－１总抗原的含量。（３）ＥＣ与不同浓度Ｆｇ（２,２０,２００,２０００ μｇ／ｍ ｌ）或ＶＬＤＬ（５,１０,２０,３０,４０ μｇ／ｍ ｌ）共同孵育１２ ｈ 或２４ ｈ 后,观察ＥＣｔ－ＰＡ 和ＰＡＩ－１ ｍ ＲＮＡ 水平及ＣＭ 中抗原含量的变化。（４     

慢性丙型肝炎患者外周血T细胞亚型及NK活性的研究

目的：检测慢性丙型肝炎患者外周血Ｔ细胞亚型和ＮＫ活性，并与正常人比较，以观察ＨＣＶ感染对患者细胞免疫功能的影响。方法：采用间接免疫荧光－流式细胞分析法检测外周血Ｔ细胞ＣＤ３、ＣＤ４、ＣＤ８表达，采用ＬＤＨ释放法测定ＮＫ活性。结果：慢性丙型肝炎患者外周血ＣＤ４、ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值、ＮＫ活性明显降低，与正常人比较差异有显著性（Ｐ值分别＜０．０１，＜０．０１和＜０．０５），而ＣＤ８升高（Ｐ值＜０．０５）；ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ阳性组与ＨＣＶ－ＲＮＡ阴性组比较，ＣＤ４／ＣＤ８比值、ＮＫ活性进一步下降，差异有显著性（Ｐ值分别＜０．０５）。结论：慢性丙型肝炎患者存在细胞免疫功能紊乱，提高其细胞免疫功能可能有利于患者的愈后。     

c-myc反义寡核苷酸对低氧内皮细胞条件培养液诱导的肺血管周细胞增殖的影响

应用细胞培养、核酸斑点杂交、~３Ｈ－胸腺嘧啶核苷（~３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ）掺入、免疫细胞化学、图像分析等技术观察ｃ－ｍｙｃ反义寡核苷酸（ＯＤＮｓ）对低氧内皮细胞条件培养液（ＨＥＣＣＭ）诱导的大鼠肺血管周细胞ｃ－ｍｙｃ ｍＲＮＡ表达、增殖细胞核抗原（ＰＣＮＡ）表达及~３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入量的影响。结果表明,ＨＥＣＣＭ显著促进周细胞 ｃ－ｍｙｃ ｍＲＮＡ表达、ＰＣＮＡ表达（Ｐ＜０．０１）及~３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入量增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）,反义ＯＤＮｓ显著阻抑 ＨＥＣＣＭ诱导的周细胞ｃ－ｍｙｃ ｍＲＮＡ表达、ＰＣＮＡ表达（Ｐ＜０．０１）及~３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ掺入量增加（Ｐ＜０．０５）,而同义ＯＤＮｓ无上述作用（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结果提示,ＨＥＣＣＭ可通过上调ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因表达促进肺血管周细胞增殖,反义ＯＤＮｓ通过下凋ｃ－ｍｙｃ基因表达,抑制ＨＥＣＣＭ诱导的肺血管周细胞增殖。     

脂质体介导c—myc反义核酸对HL—60细胞作用的研究

原癌基因ｃ－ｍｙｃ参与调控细胞的增殖、分化和凋亡过程,在白血病细胞株ＨＬ－６０ 中有很高的表达。ｃ－ｍｙｃ通过扩增活化或基因重排而异常激活,在白血病的发生和发展中可能起着重要的作用。　目的　通过脂质体介导ｃ－ｍｙｃ反义核酸转染ＨＬ－６０ 细胞,观察其抑制细胞生长增殖、促进分化、诱导凋亡,降低ｃ－ｍｙｃｍ ＲＮＡ 和蛋白表达水平,探讨反义核酸的抗肿瘤作用机制。　方法　ＨＬ－６０ 细胞在３７℃、５％ＣＯ２ 条件下,培养于１０％ 小牛血清１６４０ 培养液中,细胞接种密度为４×１０７／Ｌ,反义核酸终浓度为１μｍ ｏｌ／Ｌ,反义核酸与脂质体比例为１ μｍ ｏｌ（６．５ μｇ）∶１０ μｇ,无血清转染６ ｈ。实验同时设置空白组、无义组、反义组、脂质体组、脂质体无义组等对照组。连续培养４ 天。通过锥虫蓝拒染实验测定细胞的生长能力;ＮＢＴ还原实验和瑞特－姬姆萨染色测定细胞的分化能力;免疫细胞化学染色检测ｃ－ｍｙｃ蛋白表达;ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ法检测ｃ－ｍｙｃ ｍ ＲＮＡ 水平;吖啶橙／溴化乙锭染色观察凋亡细胞形态;流式细胞仪检测凋亡率;ＤＮＡ抽提及电泳观察凋亡细胞ＤＮＡ降解片段的形成。　结果　脂质体转染ｃ－ｍｙｃ反义核酸的作用：（１）抑制ＨＬ－６０     

慢性丙型肝炎患者（2＇，5＇）寡腺苷酸合成酶的活性测定

目的：了解慢性丙型肝炎患者（２＇，５＇）寡腺苷酸合成酶（２－５ＡＳ）活性在干扰素治疗过程中的动态变化及意义。方法：ＰＥＩ－ＣＥＬＬＵＬＯＳＥ薄板层析法。结果：（１）慢性丙型肝炎患者２－５ＡＳ基础水平比正常人显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（２）ＩＦＮα治疗结束后ＨＣＶＲＮＡ持续阳性的病人２－５ＡＳ基础水平比ＨＣＶＲＮＡ转阴的病人要高（Ｐ＜０．０５）；（３）ＩＦＮα治疗效果较好，ＨＣＶＲＮＡ转阴的病人２－５ＡＳ水平在用药后２４ｈ比ＨＣＶＲＮＡ未转阴的病人上升得更高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；（４）用药后１个月２～５ＡＳ水平与ＩＦＮα治疗效果无显著相关性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：２－５ＡＳ可以作为评价干扰素治疗效果的１个机体反应指标。     

大鼠小肠缺血／再灌注休克中一氧化氮,内皮素检测及意义

目的：观察一氧化氮（ＮＯ）对大鼠小肠缺血／再灌注（Ｉ／Ｒ）的作用及内皮素的改变。方法：复制内脏血管阻塞（ＳＡＯ）性休克模型,用左旋精氨酸（Ｌ－Ａｒｇ）及硝基精氨酸甲脂（Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ）处理动物模型后分别测定血浆中ＥＴｓ、ＭＤＡ、组织蛋白酶Ｄ（ＣＤ）、ＮＯ－２／ＮＯ－３含量。结果：Ｌ－Ａｒｇ减缓了大鼠Ｉ／Ｒ血压下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）,降低了血浆ＭＰＯ、ＬＤＨ、ＣＤ、ＭＤＡ的含量（Ｐ＜０．０１）及肠组织中伊文思蓝（ＥＢ）的含量（Ｐ＜０．０５）;Ｌ－ＮＡＭＥ与Ｌ－Ａｒｇ相反。ＭＰＯ与ＥＢ正相关（Ｐ＜０．０１）,ＮＯ－２／ＮＯ－３与ＥＴｓ负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论：ＮＯ对小肠Ｉ／Ｒ损伤有保护作用,ＥＴｓ参与ＳＡＯ休克过程。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.