Correlation of ventricular septal defect height and outcomes after complete atrioventricular septal defect repair

 Open in a separate windowOBJECTIVESThere are limited data available on the height of the ventricular component of the septal deficiency (VSD) in patients undergoing complete atrioventricular septal defect (CAVSD) repair. VSD height may influence optimal choice of repair strategy with potential consequences for long-term outcomes. We aimed to measure VSD height using 2-dimensional echocardiography and review its association with postoperative outcomes.METHODSWe retrospectively reviewed the preoperative echocardiograms of 45 consecutive patients who underwent CAVSD repair between May 2010 and December 2015 at a single centre. VSD height and left ventricular length on the four-chamber view were measured. Demographic details and early and late outcomes including reoperation and long-term survival were studied.RESULTSTwenty patients underwent modified single-patch repair and 25 patients underwent double-patch repair of CAVSD. VSD height in the modified single-patch group ranged from 4.2 to 11.7 mm and in the double-patch group ranged from 5.1 to 14.9 mm. Nine patients had a deep ‘scoop’ with a VSD height of >10 mm, (7 double patch, 2 modified single patch). VSD height did not correlate with a specific Rastelli classification. There was no significant difference in the VSD height (P = 0.51) or the VSD height-to-left ventricular length ratio (P = 0.43) between the 2 repair groups. There was no 30-day mortality. Eight patients required reoperation; however, VSD height was not a significant predictor of reoperation (hazard ratio 0.95, 95% confidence interval 0.69–1.33; P = 0.08).CONCLUSIONSThere was no correlation between VSD height and risk of reoperation after CAVSD repair. A deep ventricular scoop is uncommon in CAVSD patients.     

部分型房室管畸形的外科治疗

目的探讨部分型房室管畸形的外科治疗方法。方法在52例部分型房室管畸形中,以自体心包修补、缝合瓣裂、乳头肌劈开及延长等方法矫正房室瓣关闭不全,分别采用Kirklin法和McGoon法修复原发房间隔缺损(PASD)42例、10例。结果手术死亡率3.8%,McGoon方法修补组发生Ⅲ度房室传导阻滞30%(3/10),而Kirklin法则无一例发生。47例术后随访2个月～22年,远期死亡率2.2%,5例心脏听诊心尖区可闻SMⅡ/6级,2例Ⅱ～Ⅲ/6级。结论根据二尖瓣畸形的病变解剖差异,选择个体化处理方法;用Kirklin法修复PASD比较安全。     

完全型房室间隔缺损的外科治疗

目的　总结完全型房室间隔缺损外科治疗的经验。方法　16例完全性房室间隔缺损患儿,平均年龄(1.2±0 .9)岁,平均体重(6.8±3 )kg。其中10例伴有Down综合征,1例合并法洛四联征。术前超声心动图显示房室瓣轻度反流12例,中度反流3例,重度反流1例。行单片法修补10例,双片法修补6例。结果　术后恢复顺利,无围手术期死亡。除1例患儿于出院4个月后因肺部感染合并心衰死亡外,余随访0 .3～5 .2年,经超声心动图检查显示房室瓣功能良好,未见明显反流。结论　完全型房室间隔缺损患者早诊断,早手术,可获良好疗效。     

完全型房室间隔缺损人工瓣膜置换一例-站在“单心室循环共瓣成形或换瓣”分岔路口的思考

1例12岁女性患者因“左上腔静脉-肺动脉连接术后,完全型房室间隔缺损,右室双出口,肺动脉瓣狭窄,左异构,单心房,下腔静脉-半奇静脉引流”入院。术前超声显示共同房室瓣增厚、卷曲,对合不良,中大量反流,以左侧房室瓣为主;主肺动脉发育差。手术保留房室瓣,取31#二尖瓣机械瓣,以2/0 Prolene线连续缝合于二尖瓣瓣环。横断主肺动脉,5/0 Prolene线连续缝合近端,远端与20#Gore-tex人工血管端端吻合。将肝静脉自右房壁切下,与人工血管另一端吻合。术后血氧饱和度95%~100%之间。出院前复查超声、CT示人工瓣膜功能良好、心功能正常。虽然,共同房室瓣成形是瓣膜处理的首选,但当瓣膜功能障碍过于严重、成形很可能失败的情况下,勉强进行瓣膜成形术将使手术的风险骤然提升。此时,人工瓣膜的置换为最佳选择。     

改良单片法矫治儿童完全型房室间隔缺损单中心应用

目的 总结应用改良单片法(modified single-patch,MSP)矫治儿童完全型房室间隔缺损(complete atrioventricular septal defect,CAVSD)的相关经验.方法 回顾性分析2009年6月至2017年12月间在我中心采用MSP技术行CAVSD双心室矫治术141例患儿的...     

双心室矫治室间隔缺损远离型右室双出口单中心15年经验

目的总结单中心双心室矫治室间隔缺损远离型右室双出口的15年经验,探讨双心室矫治的合适方法,分析再手术的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2005~2019年于我院连续入组162例接受双心室矫治的室间隔缺损远离型右室双出口患儿的临床资料。根据内隧道建立的路径将患儿分为两组:110例患儿术中行室间隔缺损连接至主动脉内隧道[A组,男75例、女35例,平均年龄(3.6±3.2)岁];52例患儿行室间隔缺损连接至肺动脉内隧道[B组,男30例、女22例,平均年龄(2.8±2.7)岁]。为了建立通畅的心室内隧道,同期进行的操作包括室间隔缺损扩大、圆锥肌肉切除、三尖瓣腱索或乳头肌转移等。结果全组行双心室矫治的患儿早期死亡9例(5.6%),早期心室内隧道梗阻6例(3.7%)。经过(7.5±7.0)年的随访,8例(4.9%)患儿发生晚期死亡,A组的1年、5年、10年、15年生存率分别为92.7%、91.1%、91.1%、85.4%,B组分别为92.2%、85.2%、85.2%、85.2%,两组差异无统计学意义(P=0.560)。随访发现10例(6.2%)迟发性心室内隧道梗阻,8例接受了再次手术。两组比较A组患儿有更多的迟发性心室内隧道梗阻(A组9例vs.B组1例,P=0.017)及总体心室内隧道梗阻(A组15例vs.B组1例,P=0.001)。两组患儿的早期死亡率和晚期死亡率差异无统计学意义(P=0.386、0.223)。A组中同期进行三尖瓣操作46例,其中1例发生左室流出道梗阻,是否同期行三尖瓣操作的术后左室流出道梗阻发生率差异具有统计学意义(1/46 vs.15/64,P=0.004),并不会造成三尖瓣反流或狭窄。Rastelli术后患儿因右室流出道病变再手术率明显高于REV手术和双根部调转术,两者差异具有统计学意义(5/14 vs.0/38,P<0.001)。结论双心室矫治室间隔缺损远离型右室双出口可以取得令人满意的远期结果。室间隔缺损连接至主动脉内隧道较室间隔缺损连接至肺动脉内隧道左室流出道梗阻发生率更高。同期进行三尖瓣处理可降低内隧道梗阻发生率。     

Long-term outcomes of single-ventricle palliation for unbalanced atrioventricular septal defects: Fontan survivors do better than previously thought

Background

Single-ventricle palliation (SVP) for children with unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect (uAVSD) is thought to carry a poor prognosis, but limited data have been reported.

Single-stage repair of complete atrioventricular septal defect and coarctation of the aorta in neonate

Controversy over patients with complete atrioventricular septal defect (CAVSD) and coarctation of the aorta (CoA) continues: whether they should be treated with a primary total correction or a staged approach utilizing initial pulmonary artery banding during neonatal period. A 17-day-old neonate with Down’s syndrome underwent definitive repair of CAVSD and CoA. With the postoperative course uneventful, he was discharged from the hospital on 19th postoperative day. Single-stage repair of CAVSD and CoA appears to offer a good prognosis provided that valve morphology is amenable to repair.     

Intraoperative transoesophageal echocardiography in a low birth weight neonate with atrioventricular septal defect

An 18-day-old male neonate (45 cm, 1.8 kg) with a history of cyanosis and congestive heart failure from an atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD) with a large left-to-right shunt was scheduled for surgical repair of the AVSD. After routine induction of anaesthesia with fentanyl and vecuronium, a 4.5-mm diameter transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE) probe was inserted into the oesophagus, and systematic echocardiographic evaluation was performed during surgery. After cardiopulmonary bypass was stopped, intraoperative TOE revealed mild residual mitral valve regurgitation. Because good left ventricular wall motion was confirmed and haemodynamic parameters were stable, cardiopulmonary bypass was not reinitiated. The patient's cardiac output was low in the postoperative intensive care unit. TOE was performed the next day to detect the source of this problem, revealed severe regurgitation compared with that observed intraoperatively. TOE was useful for evaluation of the residual mitral valve regurgitation, and we reconfirmed the importance of continuous monitoring even in a low birthweight neonate undergoing repair of a complete AVSD.     

Amrinone versus dopamine-nitroglycerin after reconstructive surgery for complete atrioventricular septal defect

To compare the effectiveness and safety of amrinone and a combination of dopamine and nitroglycerin in infants after reconstructive surgery for congenital heart disease. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Pediatric intensive care unit in a university hospital. Thirty-two infants with complete atrioventricular septal defect. Amrinone loading dose, 2 mg/kg, followed by a maintenance infusion, 7.5 μg/kg/min, was given to 17 infants before separation from cardiopulmonary bypass. The remaining 15 patients received a combination of dopamine, 5 μg/kg/min, and nitroglycerin, 1 μg/kg/min. The circulatory state of the patients was evaluated from 4 to 18 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass. The systemic blood flow index, calculated using the Fick principle, was higher in the amrinone group (2.5 ± 0.7 L/min/m²) compared with the dopamine-nitroglycerin group (2.0 ± 0.6 L/min/m², mean ± SD). The pulmonary blood flow index in the amrinone group was higher (2.9 ± 0.6 L/min/m²) than in the dopaminenitroglycerin group (2.2 ± 0.6 L/min/m²); no significant difference was noted in the mean pulmonary artery pressure. The oxygen extraction ratio was higher in the dopamine-nitroglycerin group (0.41 ± 0.07) compared with the amrinone group (0.34 ± 0.08). Despite lower platelet counts in the amrinone group, no hemorrhagic complications were seen in any patient. With this dosage regimen, amrinone provides a higher cardiac output, more favorable oxygen dynamics, and lower pulmonary vascular resistance than dopamine and nitroglycerin.     

右腋下小切口部分型心内膜垫缺损修补术——6例报告

目的　报道经右侧腋下小切口 ,修补部分型心内膜垫缺损的手术方法及结果。　方法　1997年 11月至 2 0 0 0年 1月 ,6例部分型心内膜垫缺损患者经右侧腋下小切口 ,完成了二尖瓣成形 (心脏跳动下观察二尖瓣返流情况及成形效果 )加Ⅰ孔房缺修补术。其中 1例解剖性单心房 ,1例过渡型心内膜垫缺损。 6例均有二尖瓣前叶裂 ,其中 3例合并二尖瓣中度关闭不全 ,1例重度关闭不全 ,1例三尖瓣中度关闭不全。　结果　切开长度 (8 3± 1 3)cm ,循环阻断时间 (32 8± 8 3)分钟 ,体外循环时间 (6 6 0± 9 0 )分钟。 1例术后二尖瓣仍有少 -中量返流 ,其余患者二尖瓣关闭良好 ,无房水平残余分流。 6例均顺利康复出院。术后随访 (1 1± 0 7)年 ,患者心功能良好 ,无死亡及并发症。　结论　经右侧腋下小切口行部分型心内膜垫缺损修补术 ,是一种安全、微创的手术方法。其中心脏跳动下观察二尖瓣返流情况 ,可为瓣膜成形提供可靠依据。     

超声导引下介入治疗房间隔缺损合并肺动脉瓣狭窄的临床体会

目的本文报告我院1998年10月-2006年11月应用彩色超声（CDE）导引介入治疗房间隔缺损（AsD）合并肺动脉瓣狭窄（Ps）14例的临床体会。方法14例患者，男5例，女9例。年龄3-53岁，平均（20．9士9．8）岁。ASD均为单一中央型。PS轻度6例，中度8例。其中合并卵圆孔未闭和左上腔静脉各l例。使用仪器日本东芝6000型和美国惠普1500型彩色多普勒血流显象仪（CDE）和食道超声（TEE）探头频率分别为2．5MHZ和5MHZ。术前用CDE诊断，术中用CDE及TEE配合术后第2天及随诊均应用CDE。结果应用CDE选择14例ASD合并PS，在CDE和TEE导引及监测下成功进行肺动脉瓣球囊扩张（PBPV）和ASD闭合术，技术成功率100%4，用CDE随诊1～96个月，无任何并发症。结论ASD合并PS介入治疗必须要在CDE和TEE导引及监测下完成CDE主要观察心尖、剑下四腔心、两房心及大动脉短轴切面，TEE主要观察房间隔及上、下腔静脉长轴切面，大动脉短轴及四腔心切面。     

轻中度及中度房室瓣膜反流在Fontan术后的预后和相关危险因素分析

目的 研究轻中度、中度房室瓣膜反流在Fontan术后的预后及危险因素.方法 将2004～2018年房室瓣膜反流为轻中度、中度于本中心行Fontan术和瓣膜成形手术的34例患者作为成形组,在同期患者中以1∶1～2的比例匹配对照组患者65例.共入组99例,其中男64例、女35例,年龄(63.4±36.3)个月,体重(17....     

巨大左心室病人心脏瓣膜手术的远期疗效

目的 评价巨大左室(舒张期末直径,EDD＞7.0cm)病人心脏瓣膜手术的远期疗效.方法 回顾性分析1990年1月至1998年12月114例巨大左室病人心脏瓣膜手术的随访资料.全组术前平均左室收缩期末直径(ESD)(5.91±0.57)cm,EDD(8.15±0.62)cm.手术施行二尖瓣置换(MVR)和(或)二尖瓣成形术(MVP)(MVRP)28例、主动脉瓣置换(AVR)31例、二尖瓣主动脉瓣双瓣置换(DVR)55例.结果 随访0.5～9年,累计随访344病人-年,失访13例,随访率为88.60%.晚期并发症发生率为9.59%病人-年,其中出血、栓塞和人工瓣心内膜炎的发生率分别为0.58%病人-年、0.87%病人-年和0.29%病人-年.晚期病死率为3.48%病人-年.DVR组显著高于MVRP组和AVR组(P＜0.05).术后1、3、5和8年累积生存率分别为97.17%病人-年、88.66%病人-年、84.5%病人-年和84.5%病人-年,MVRP组和AVR组显著优于DVR组(P＜0.05).长期生存89例,心功能Ⅰ级68例、Ⅱ级15例和Ⅲ级6例.结论 加强术后随访期室性心律失常的防治和心功能支持,有助于提高巨大心室病人心脏瓣膜手术的远期疗效.