生血胶囊对小鼠抗疲劳作用及其机制研究

目的研究生血胶囊对小鼠抗疲劳效果及其可能机制 ,为深入研究其作用及开发利用提供实验依据。方法选用成年雄性小白鼠 ,每日服用生血胶囊 (2g·kg- 1)并进行游泳训练 ,连续4周 ,检测耐缺氧时间和力竭游泳时间 ,以及力竭游泳运动后小鼠血液中乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)活性及血尿素氮 (BUN)浓度、血红蛋白 (Hb)浓度与肾组织超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶 (GSH -Px)活性、总抗氧化能力和丙二醛含量。结果游泳训练后生血胶囊组小鼠力竭游泳时间〔(315 .33± 38.5 0 )min〕和耐缺氧时间〔(2 2 .4 4± 5 .2 3)min〕明显高于训练对照组〔(2 0 1.4 6± 32 .2 3)min ,(17.2 2± 5 .0 3)min ,P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 5〕 ,力竭游泳后血液中Hb浓度和肾组织SOD、GSH -Px活性、总抗氧化能力也显著高于训练对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ,而血液LDH活性、BUN浓度和肾组织MDA含量则明显低于训练对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。结论生血胶囊有提高机体运动能力的作用 ,其作用机制可能与生血胶囊提高机体的耐缺氧能力 ,增加血红蛋白浓度 ,减少自由基 ,以及保护肾组织有关     

非均匀恒磁场对低压缺氧小鼠学习记忆障碍的影响

目的 :探讨非均匀恒磁场N极、S极对急性低压缺氧引起的学习记忆障碍是否有改善作用。方法 :4 8只小鼠分为空白对照组、缺氧组、磁场N极 +缺氧组和磁场S极 +缺氧组。采用避暗实验法和自主活动法进行观察。结果 :(1)避暗实验表明 ,磁场N极 +缺氧组、磁场S极+缺氧组的累积错误次数 (M值 )分别为 2 .4 2± 1.0 8与 2 .5 0± 1.17;逃避潜伏期 (EL值 )分别为(71.0 8± 19.5 5 )s与 (5 3.0 0± 19.75 )s ,缺氧组M值为 (3.5 8± 1.0 8)次 ,EL值为 (32 .5 0± 11.6 0 )s ,则表明记忆成绩M值减少 (P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 5 ) ,EL值延长 (P <0 .0 1,P <0 .0 5 ) ,且磁场N极 +缺氧组的EL值较磁场S极 +缺氧组的EL值延长 (P <0 .0 5 )。 (2 )动物自主活动测定表明 ,缺氧组、空白对照组、磁场N极 +缺氧组和磁场S极 +缺氧组的自主活动次数分别为 10 4± 2 2 .0 7、185± 4 1.15、187± 37.16、182± 2 9.13,缺氧组的明显减少 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而经磁场处理的两组已恢复到正常水平。结论 :非均匀恒磁场的预防性治疗 ,可改善由低压缺氧造成的记忆功能损害 ,且以N极作用更为明显     

心肌多肽抗疲劳效应的实验研究

目的：通过实验研究心肌多肽提高小鼠抗疲劳作用和耐缺氧能力和探讨可能的生物机制。方法：采用昆明种小鼠，分低、中、高剂量组，经口灌胃给予心肌多肽30d，剂量分别为0．5g／kg／d，1．0g／kg／d，2g／kg／d，另设蒸馏水对照组。观察小鼠负重游泳时间，耐缺氧能力，并测定抗疲劳相关生化指标：血乳酸、血中尿素氮含量、肝糖原含量以及血红细胞和肝脏中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力。结果：心肌多肽的中、高剂量组均能延长小鼠负重游泳时间以及耐缺氧能力。并且小鼠运动后血乳酸、血中尿素氮含量与对照组相比明显降低，肝糖原含量明显高于对照组，并且小鼠的血红细胞和肝脏中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力明显高于对照组。结论：心肌多肽具有增强小鼠抗疲劳和耐缺氧的能力。     

营养素中药合剂对小鼠抗疲劳作用及其机理研究

目的 :探讨营养素中药合剂抗疲劳的作用及其作用机制 ,为抗疲劳制剂研究提供实验依据。方法 :观察小鼠游泳时间、游泳后迷宫准确率和耐缺氧时间 ,以及游泳后血乳酸、乳酸脱氢酶、总抗氧化能力、丙二醛和肝糖原等变化。结果 :营养素中药合剂、营养素、生脉饮、兴奋剂、蒸馏水各组小鼠的平均游泳时间 (min)分别为 16 0± 31.39、12 8± 4 6 .0 1、14 2± 4 3.12、5 4± 2 8.2 3、80± 33.38,营养素中药合剂组明显高于其它组 ;各组小鼠游泳后走迷宫的平均次数分别为 8.70± 0 .95、7.5 0± 1.4 3、7.6 0± 1.4 3、3.0 0± 0 .82、3.6 0± 1.4 3,表明营养素中药合剂组走迷宫的准确率最高 ;各组小鼠总抗氧化能力 (U·mL- 1)分别为 12 .72± 0 .92、10 .91± 1.10、11.99± 1.5 0、10 .87± 1.83、10 .11± 0 .6 2 ,营养素中药合剂组也高于其它各组。此外 ,合剂组运动后乳酸堆积较少 ,MDA含量也最低。结论 :营养素中药合剂能使小鼠明显延长游泳时间、增加走迷宫的准确率 ,其作用机制可能与调节神经内分泌系统 ,降低血乳酸浓度及提高总抗氧化能力等有关     

可溶性裙带菜膳食纤维对小鼠糖代谢的影响

目的研究可溶性裙带菜膳食纤维对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠糖代谢的影响。方法两批正常小鼠分为正常对照组、可溶性裙带菜膳食纤维低剂量组(8·0g/kg)和高剂量组(16·0g/kg),连续灌胃21天,分别测定空腹血糖和糖耐量,同时进行糖异生实验;两批糖尿病小鼠分为动物模型组、可溶性裙带菜膳食纤维低剂量组(8·0g/kg)和高剂量组(16·0g/kg),另取正常小鼠作为正常对照组,连续灌胃21天,分别测定空腹血糖和糖耐量。结果膳食纤维高、低剂量组糖尿病小鼠的血糖曲线下面积分别为32·83±2·73、33·73±2·42,与动物模型组糖尿病小鼠(37·94±3·86)相比,差异具有显著性(P<0·05);膳食纤维高剂量组糖尿病小鼠的糖异生作用(5·6%)明显低于正常小鼠的糖异生作用(13·9%)(P<0·01);膳食纤维高剂量组糖尿病小鼠的血糖(8·62±3·14)mmol/L明显低于动物模型组糖尿病小鼠的血糖(18·2±3·7)mmol/L(P<0·01);膳食纤维对正常小鼠的血糖水平及糖耐量无明显影响。结论可溶性裙带菜膳食纤维对糖尿病小鼠具有一定的降血糖作用,同时增强其糖耐量。     

小鼠IL-18基因注射对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的　观察肌肉注射IL 18重组体对机体免疫功能的影响。方法　将表达小鼠IL 18的重组体pcDNA3 18经肌肉注射到小鼠 ,三周后观察小鼠脾脏细胞的NK活性和血清中IFN γ和IL 4水平。结果　注射pcDNA3 18质粒的小鼠脾细胞NK细胞活性 (3 9 46± 7 5 8% )明显高于对照组和空白组 (分别为 2 9 0 2±3 45 %和 3 0 13± 3 3 6% ) (p <0 0 5 )。实验组、对照组和空白组血清中IFN γ水平分别为 170 0 0± 40 5 3 pg/ml、 111 80± 5 9 2 3 pg/ml和 112 2 0± 41 45 pg/ml,IL 4水平分别为 42 2 0± 17 91pg/ml、 3 6 60± 2 3 44 pg/ml和 44 80± 14 41pg/ml,实验组IFN γ水平明显高于对照组和空白组 (p <0 0 5 ) ,而IL 4水平无显著变化(p >0 0 5 )。表明实验组TH1细胞免疫功能显著增强。 结论　肌肉注射小鼠IL 18重组体能增强机体的细胞免疫功能 ,为IL 18用于抗感染和肿瘤基因治疗提供了实验依据。     

巴西人参3种提取液对耐缺氧、抗疲劳及抗肿瘤作用的影响

[目的]通过对国产巴西人参水提取浓缩、水提取乙醇沉淀浓缩、75%乙醇提取浓缩3种提取液的耐缺氧、抗疲劳和抗肿瘤试验,初步确定国产巴西人参是否具备耐缺氧、抗疲劳和抗肿瘤作用和这些作用的有效部位.[方法]将小白鼠随机分为8组:正常对照组、人参对照组、3种提取液的高、低剂量组.测定常压下小鼠耐缺氧、游泳耐力和抗肿瘤的程度. [结果]巴西人参水提取乙醇沉淀浓缩液高剂量组能明显提高小鼠的常温耐缺氧的能力;巴西人参75%乙醇提取浓缩高、低剂量组均能明显提高小鼠的低温耐缺氧的能力;巴西人参水提取浓缩高、低剂量组,巴西人参水提取乙醇沉淀浓缩高、低剂量组,巴西人参75%乙醇提取浓缩高剂量组均能明显提高小鼠游泳的时间;巴西人参3种提取液各剂量组均可显著提高抗肿瘤能力. [结论]巴西人参对小鼠耐缺氧、抗疲劳及抗肿瘤能力具有明显的增强作用.     

保健品Oncolyn对衰老小鼠单胺类神经递质和神经行为的影响

[目的]研究衰老小鼠耐缺氧、应激行为、抗疲劳和神经递质变化,并探讨保健品Oncolyn对衰老的影响。[方法]昆明种小鼠随机分为对照组,衰老组和Oncolyn组。衰老组小鼠颈后注射D-半乳糖42d造成亚急性衰老模型,Oncolyn组在注射D-半乳糖21d后经口给入Oncolyn[0.6g/(kg·d)]70d。应用缺氧、游泳和旷场实验观察动物的行为变化。同时检测脑组织中神经递质去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺的变化。记录体重和脾、胸腺的重量变化。[结果]衰老组的体重比对照组明显下降。衰老组耐缺氧和游泳时间分别为(15.4±3.21)min和(63.4±9.94)min,低于对照组(20.8±4.56)min和(72.3±9.83)min。在旷场实验中,衰老组在中央格停留时间65s、爬格子数34个、站立次数1次和粪便2颗,对照组相应值为8s、51个、3次和1颗,两组差异有显著性。衰老组的脾脏和胸腺的脏器系数与对照组无差异。衰老组脑组织中多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素分别为(1.344±0.127)μg/g和(0.015±0.001)μg/g湿组织,而对照组分别为(1.770±0.129)μg/g和(0.074±0.025)μg/g湿组织,去甲肾上腺素下降较严重。Oncolyn组与衰老组比较体重下降,胸腺的脏器系数增加,脑组织中多巴胺和去甲肾上腺素增加,后者增加了近10倍,在中央格停留时间为18s,爬格数也明显增加,但两组的游泳时间则无差异。[结论]衰老小鼠脑组织神经单胺类递质下降,抗疲劳和耐缺氧能力下降,兴奋反应性降低。On-colyn能提高小鼠对新异环境的应激能力和脑组织中单胺类神经递质,具有一定的延缓小鼠衰老的能力。     

顺铂对A549细胞DNA损伤修复生物标记物表达的影响

目的　研究顺铂对肺癌A5 49细胞中切除修复鼠缺陷交叉互补基因 2 (ERCC2 )蛋白、尿嘧啶DNA糖基化酶 (UDG)、细胞增殖核抗原 (PCNA)在肺癌和食管癌组织中表达水平的影响。方法　通过彗星试验、RT PCR和蛋白印记法研究 3种生物标记物在顺铂处理和未处理A5 49细胞之间的表达水平。分为染毒前、染毒 12h、染毒 2 4h、停止染毒 12h、停止染毒 2 4h 5个不同时间段组 ,每组细胞数均为 1× 10 6个 /ml。结果　在低浓度顺铂 (IC2 0 剂量 )作用下 ,染毒 2 4h内DNA损伤程度的变化与作用时间成正比 ,染毒 12h、2 4h尾相 (单位 :mm)分别为 5 0 2± 0 6 8和 7 2 2± 0 5 3,与阴性对照的尾相2 73± 0 2 9比较有明显差异。停止染毒 2 4h尾相为 3 6 4± 0 70 ,与阴性对照比较无明显差异。ERCC2、UDG和PCNA的mRNA水平和蛋白质水平在细胞染毒后均明显升高 ,染毒 2 4h后mRNA水平分别为 0 71± 0 0 8、0 74± 0 0 6和 0 82± 0 0 9,均明显高于阴性对照 (分别为 0 2 8± 0 0 5、0 31± 0 0 5和 0 37± 0 0 6 ) ;蛋白质表达水平分别为 4 37± 0 5 7、5 47± 0 46和 2 2 1± 0 47,均明显高于阴性对照(分别为 2 2 1± 0 47、2 5 4± 0 38和 3 2 1± 0 47)。停止染毒后 3种酶的mRNA分别为 0 31± 0     

NBNA测定对纳洛酮治疗中重症HIE的评价

新生儿中重度缺氧缺血性脑病的致死率,致残率较高,为探讨纳洛酮对新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(HIE)的干预作用,我们在传统方法治疗HIE基础上加用纳洛酮,通过新生儿行为神经测定(NBNA)的评价,获得满意效果,现报告如下。1　资料与方法1·1　一般资料　我院从2 0 0 0 -0 8～2 0 0 2 -0 5收入住新生儿科的3 9例中重度HIE患儿,均符合1989年济南会议制定的HIE临床依据和分度标准[1 ] ,随机分为两组:治疗组2 0例,其中男11例,女9例;胎龄(3 9 8±1 3 )周、出生体重(3 5 5 3±5 2 2 )g ,起病日龄(1 64±1 3 0 )d ,1、5minApgar评分分别为3 5±0 8、…     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.