骨质疏松症中医证型的聚类分析

【目的】采用聚类分析的统计方法,探讨骨质疏松症的中医证型分布规律,为骨质疏松症的预防和治疗提供理论依据。【方法】对诊断为骨质疏松症的246例患者,收集相关中医四诊资料,采用SPSS软件包进行聚类分析,对每种类型进行主成份分析,判定每种类型的代表症状,归纳出证型。【结果】纳入研究的骨质疏松症的四诊条目共47条,出现频率较高的是少气懒言、神疲乏力、腰脊痛、苔白、头晕、舌淡胖等。聚为肝肾阴虚、脾肾阳虚、气血两虚、气滞血瘀4型分散性最好,证型分布清晰,所有分型中以肝肾阴虚和脾肾阳虚为最多,分别占34.7%和30.1%。【结论】骨质疏松症中医证型分为肝肾阴虚、脾肾阳虚、气血两虚、气滞血瘀四型较符合临床实际,骨质疏松症患者多以肾虚表现为主。     

膝骨关节炎患者中医证素及证型分布特征研究

【目的】探讨膝骨关节炎（knee osteoarthritis,KOA）患者中医证素与证型的分布特征。【方法】选择2015年3月至2015年11月,在上海中医药大学附属曙光医院关节科门诊就诊的KOA患者共110例。收集KOA患者的一般资料、中医证候信息,基于证素辨证法,进行中医证素、证型分布特征研究。【结果】（1）110例KOA患者中,中医病位证素频数分布前4位依次为肾、筋骨、肝、脾;中医病性证素频数分布前4位依次为阳虚、阴虚、湿、气虚。病位证素组合中,以肾+筋骨组合最多,其次是肾+肝;病性证素组合中,以阳虚+气虚最多,其次是阳虚+阴虚;病性证素等级分布中,虚性证素多于实性证素,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,并多表现为“虚实并存”。（2）KOA患者的常见中医证型为脾肾阳虚证、肾阳虚证、寒湿痹阻证、肝肾亏虚证、湿注骨节证、阳虚寒凝证、阴虚证。【结论】KOA患者最常见的中医病位证素为肾、筋骨、脾、肝,病性证素为阳虚、阴虚、湿、气虚;证素等级分布则表现以虚性证素为主,兼有实性证素;最常见的中医证型为脾肾阳虚证、肾阳虚证、寒湿痹阻证、肝肾亏虚证。     

绝经妇女骨质疏松症内皮素与中医证型之间的关系

本研究在复习相关文献的基础上，选择40例来自我医院病例，观察绝经后骨质疏松症患者骨密度（BMD）、雌二醇（E2）与内皮素（ET）的相互关系，按照中医辨证分型的原则分为肾阳虚衰、肝肾阴虚、脾肾阳虚、气滞血瘀四种不同证型。同时观察其不同证型间ET和NO含量间的相互差别，为绝经后骨质疏松症（PMOP）及其证型的机理研究提供依据。     

高脂血症中医辨证分型与过氧化脂质、超氧化物歧化酶的相关性

目的:探讨高脂血症中医辨证分型与过氧化脂质(LPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的相关性。方法:对172例高脂血症患者进行中医辨证分型,其中痰浊阻遏型75例,脾肾阳虚型15例,肝肾阴虚型20例,阴虚阳亢型38例,气滞血瘀型24例。检测LPO及SOD,将5种证型的各项指标进行组间对照分析,探讨其相关性。结果:各证型的LPO均高于正常范围,其中以脾肾阳虚型最高,其他依次为肝肾阴虚、气滞血瘀、阴虚阳亢、痰浊阻遏,各证型的SOD均低于正常范围,以肝肾阴虚型最低,其他4型由低到高依次为阴虚阳亢、痰浊阻遏、脾肾阳虚、气滞血瘀。脾肾阳虚型LPO与其他4型比较,经过统计学检验有显著性差异(P<0.05);肝肾阴虚型SOD与其他4型有显著差异(P<0.05),气滞血瘀型与阴虚阳亢、痰浊阻遏、脾肾阳虚有显著差异(P<0.05)。结果表明高脂血症中医辨证分型与LPO、SOD存在一定的相关性。结论:LPO及SOD可以考虑作为中医辨证分型客观化的现代化检测指标。     

原发性骨质疏松症中医证型分布及其相关研究概述

原发性骨质疏松症（POP）多见于中老年人群体，临床常见中医证型有肝肾阴虚证、脾肾阳虚证、气滞血瘀证及肾虚兼血瘀证等。梳理近年来POP中医证型与相关指征研究发现，其证型分布与中医体质、骨密度、骨代谢等相关生化指标、细胞、基因、脆性骨折、性别及年龄、握力等不同指征皆具有相关性，此为进一步临床辨证治疗该病提供了理论参考。参考文献35篇。     

维、汉族绝经后骨质疏松症体重指数、骨密度与中医证型分析

目的探讨维吾尔族和汉族绝经后骨质疏松妇女中医证型间骨密度水平是否存在差异。方法2011年1月一2013年2月,选择在新疆地区长期居住的绝经后汉族和维吾尔族妇女、经骨密度检测和临床表现确诊为绝经后骨质疏松症患者为研究对象共计346例,分别测量身高、体质量,计算体质指数,进行腰椎正侧位骨密度检测。比较两组中医各证型间骨密度差异。结果维吾尔族与汉族绝经后骨质疏松妇女肾虚血瘀和非。肾虚血瘀证型间年龄、体质指数、绝经年龄、生育数、骨密度值等差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;维吾尔族与汉族绝经后骨质疏松妇女肾虚血瘀和非肾虚血瘀4组证型间年龄、绝经年龄、生育数等差异均无统计学意义（P〉O．05）;维吾尔族绝经后骨质疏松妇女4组证型间：脾肾两虚型与肾精亏虚型、肝肾阴虚型、肾虚血瘀型患者体质指数差异存在统计学意义（P〈0．05）;汉族绝经后骨质疏松妇女4组证型间：肾精亏虚型与脾肾两虚型患者体质指数差异存在统计学意义（P〈0．05）。肾精亏虚型与脾。肾两虚型及肝肾阴虚型患者骨密度值差异存在统计学意义;而维吾尔族绝经后妇女四组证型间的骨密度值差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论新疆维、汉绝经后骨质疏松症患者发病年龄、绝经年龄、生育数等一般情况无明显差异;维、汉族绝经后骨质疏松症患者各证型间体质指数及汉族绝经后骨质疏松症患者各证型间骨密度值均存在一定差异。     

绝经后骨质疏松症中医证型分布特点研究

目的:探讨绝经后骨质疏松症的中医证型分布特点。方法:选取2014年1月至2015年12月期间本院收治的120例绝经期骨质疏松症女性患者作为研究对象,收集患者个人信息骨、密度检测、中医症型分布信息等资料作为研究资料。有本院中医医师辨证分型,分类统计脾肾阳虚证、肾精不足证、肝肾阴虚证、气滞血瘀证百分比,总结该病中医证型分布特点。结果:120例骨质疏松症患者中:气滞血瘀证患者百分比(36.67%)最高,显著高于其他证型,组间差异P0.05;肾精不足证百分比(28.33%)第二,与其他证型比较,组间差异P0.05;脾肾阳虚证百分比(18.33%)第三、肝肾阴虚证百分比(16.67%)为第四。结论:绝经后骨质疏松症女性中医证型以气滞血瘀证、肾精不足证为主,脾肾阳虚证、肝肾阴虚证相对较少,可为中医骨质疏松症辨证施治。     

福建省乙肝相关性肾炎患者中医体质特征的临床研究

目的：探讨福建省乙肝相关性肾炎（HBV-GN）患者中医体质分布、中医证型分布及两者的相关性。方法 HBV-GN组收集120例福建省HBV-GN患者,同时设对照组正常健康人群120例,分析两组的体质构成差异。 HBV-GN组进行主要体质类型与证型的相关性分析。结果（1）HBV-GN组以气虚质、阳虚质、阴虚质、湿热质为主,对照组则以平和质、气虚质为主。两组体质构成存在差异（P＜0.001）。（2）120例HBV-GN患者脾肾阳虚43例占35.83%;气虚血瘀33例占27.50%;肝肾阴虚21例占17.50%;肝胆湿热18例占15.0%;肝郁脾虚5例占4.17%。（3）HBV-GN组主要体质类型与证型的相关性分析,显示组间构成差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。结论福建省 HBV-GN 患者体质以气虚质、阳虚质、阴虚质、湿热质多见, HBV-GN组辨证分型以脾肾阳虚型和气虚血瘀型多见,气虚质和阳虚质与脾肾阳虚证和气虚血瘀证呈正相关。     

老年高血压并抑郁、焦虑患者中医证候要素及证型分布规律调查

【目的】调查分析老年高血压并抑郁、焦虑患者的中医证候要素及证型分布规律。【方法】收集2021年1月1日至2021年8月31日期间在广州地区的3所大型三甲中医院门诊或住院部就诊的300例老年高血压并抑郁、焦虑患者,进行病例采集及问卷调查,分析患者的一般资料,以及中医证候要素和中医证型分布情况。【结果】（1）一般资料方面,300例老年高血压并抑郁、焦虑患者中,男性多于女性,年龄为60～84岁,文化程度初中及以下的最多,患者焦虑、抑郁评分为11～12分的占比最高。（2）中医证候要素方面,300例老年高血压并抑郁、焦虑患者出现中医证候要素共312次,其中气滞、阴虚、湿浊、血瘀4个要素占比高于其他证候要素（P<0.05）。（3）中医证型分布方面,300例老年高血压并抑郁、焦虑患者中共出现肾阴亏虚、气滞血瘀、肝火上炎、痰瘀互结、阴虚阳亢、气血两虚6种证型,其中肾阴亏虚（40.00%）、气滞血瘀（29.67%）、肝火上炎与痰瘀互结（11.67%）型占比高于阴虚阳亢、气血两虚型（P<0.05）。【结论】老年高血压并抑郁、焦虑患者气滞、阴虚、湿浊、血瘀证素出现频数较多,肾阴亏虚、气滞血瘀证型...     

血脂异常患者血清黏附分子与证候分型的相关性研究

目的探讨血脂异常对血清可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(s ICAM-1)、血管细胞黏附分子-1(s VCAM-1)水平的影响,及血脂异常中医证候分型与血脂、血清黏附分子之间的关系。方法调查120例血脂异常患者中医证候类型,并检测血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、s ICAM-1、s VCAM-1水平,与正常健康人对照,并分析中医证候类型与检测指标相关性。结果 120例血脂异常患者中,肝肾阴虚证49例,阴虚阳亢证31例,痰浊阻遏证25例,脾肾阳虚证10例,气滞血瘀证5例。各型血脂异常患者血清s ICAM-1、s VCAM-1水平均较对照组显著上升(P0.05)。在各组比较中发现,气滞血瘀组TC水平最高,且与肝肾阴虚组及阴虚阳亢组有显著差异(P0.05)。痰浊阻遏组血清TG水平最高,且与阴虚阳亢组有显著差异(P0.05)。结论肝肾阴虚证、阴虚阳亢证及痰浊阻遏证是血脂异常患者重要证候类型。TC升高可作为气滞血瘀证的诊断依据;血脂异常可使血清s ICAM-1及s VCAM-1水平升高。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.