孕妇与弓形虫感染

刚地弓形虫（Toxoplasmagondii）是一种广泛寄生于细胞内的原虫，能感染各种哺乳动物和人，孕妇感染弓形虫可通过胎盘而危及胎儿，引起流产、早产、死服、畸形或遗留中枢神经系统发育障碍，多数新生儿最初无症状，在少儿期和青春期逐渐表现出来，至20岁左右，85％的先天性弓形虫患者会出现脉络膜视网膜炎’‘、‘’。自1922年Janku首次报道人类先天性弓形虫病例以来，随着特异性检测方法的应用，有关报道不断增多，孕妇弓形虫感染与优生优育的密切关系，应引起高度重视。1流行病学据血清学调查，全世界1／4人口受到弓形体感染的威胁，血清…     

孕妇弓形虫感染的研究进展

弓形虫病（Toxoplasmosis）是由刚地弓形虫（Toxoplasma gondii）寄生于人体脑、眼、肺脏、心脏、淋巴结等组织引起炎性破坏性病变的寄生虫病。     

孕妇弓形虫感染的研究进展

弓形虫病（Toxoplasmosis）是由刚地弓形虫（Toxoplasma gondii）寄生于人体脑、眼、肺脏、心脏、淋巴结等组织引起炎性破坏性病变的寄生虫病。     

小鼠感染泡球蚴后细胞因子水平的变化

目的　观察人工接种泡球蚴(EM)昆明小鼠体内6种细胞因子水平的动态变化,研究泡球蚴病的免疫学机制。　方法　实验组和对照组小鼠分别腹腔接种泡球蚴及生理盐水,持续观察260d,收集各组血清用ELISA法检测血清中白细胞介素2(IL2)、γ干扰素 (IFNγ)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNFα)、IL4、IL5、IL10水平。　结果　实验组6种细胞因子水平始终高于正常对照组,其中辅助性T细胞1(Th1)类细胞因子IL2水平在感染后 80d达到峰值,感染140d后迅速降低;TNFα水平在感染后40d较对照组明显上升,感染100d左右达到峰值,140d后迅速下降;IFNγ在感染80d后达到峰值,140d后缓慢下降;而在80d以前,辅助性T细胞2(Th2)类细胞因子IL4、IL5、IL10维持在较低水平;100d后,这3类细胞因子明显上升,其中IL4、IL10水平在100d达到峰值,IL5水平在140d达到峰值,以后维持在较高水平。　结论　Th2细胞介导的体液免疫与Th1细胞介导的细胞免疫共同参与了宿主抗棘球蚴免疫。感染早期以Th1细胞介导的细胞免疫应答为主,感染中晚期转化为以Th2细胞介导的体液免疫为主。     

弓形虫感染流产孕妇血清TNF-α水平分析

目的  探讨弓形虫感染流产孕妇血清肿瘤坏死因子一α (TNF-α)水平及其与流产的关系。方法采用聚合酶链反应技术检测流产孕妇下生殖道分泌物和流产胚胎组织的弓形虫DNA，应用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附试验定量测定流产孕妇血清TNF-α水平。结果  弓形虫感染的流产孕妇在流产前血清TNF-α水平比正常同孕期孕妇明显升高，也显著高于自身流产后该水平。弓形虫感染的先兆流产患者应用阿奇霉素治疗后血清TNF-α水平明显下降。结论  弓形虫宫内感染可能是引起孕妇流产前血清TNF-a水平异常升高的重要原因。     

青岛地区孕妇弓形虫感染调查

目的 目的 了解青岛地区孕妇弓形虫感染情况。方法 方法 2011年6月-2013年7月, 对山东省青岛市妇女儿童医院进行产前检查并自愿接受弓形虫检测及就诊的不孕症、 流产、 死胎等异常妊娠孕妇, 采用抗体捕获ELISA法进行弓形虫IgM、 IgG抗体以及弓形虫DNA检测。结果 结果 异常妊娠与正常孕妇弓形虫抗体阳性率分别为22.39%和6.26%, 差异有统计学意义 （χ2 =10.60, P＜0.05）。20～29岁与30岁以上人群阳性率差异有统计学意义 （χ2 =21.9, P＜0.05）。家中饲养与未饲养宠物孕妇弓形虫感染率分别为26.63%和8.77%, 差异有统计学意义 （χ2 =10.93, P＜0.05）。无业人员阳性率最高, 为 10.94% （22/201）, 农民3.98% （8/201） 次之, 其他为职工3.98% （8/201）、 工人3.48% （7/201）。结论 结论 青岛市异常妊娠孕妇的弓形虫感染率明显高于正常妊娠孕妇, 应加强孕妇的健康教育以降低弓形虫感染的风险, 对于特定年龄以及职业人群更要加强预防工作。     

日照市孕妇弓形虫感染的调查

为了解我市孕妇弓形虫的感染状况 ,我们于1998年 6月至 1999年 8月采用酶联免疫方法(ＥＬＩＳＡ) ,对 2 0 0 0例不同孕期孕妇的血液进行了弓形虫循环抗原 (ＣＡｇ)、抗弓形虫抗体ＩｇＭ和ＩｇＧ检测 ,现将结果报告如下。1　资料与方法1 1　检测对象　 2 0 0 0例我市妊娠妇女 ,年龄 2 2～32岁 ,平均 2 5岁 ,经孕期检查在 2 1周以上 ,未发生过流产、死胎等情况 ,其中城镇居民 1367例 ,郊区农民 1633例。1 2　方法　常规抽取孕妇静脉血 5ｍｌ,分离血清后于 - 2 0℃保存。由专人负责 ,严格按说明书的操作要求用ＥＬＩＳＡ法进行ＣＡｇ、ＩｇＭ和…     

HBV感染免疫耐受期孕妇分娩前后临床指标及细胞因子水平变化特征

[摘要]　目的　分析HBV感染免疫耐受期孕妇分娩前后临床指标及细胞因子水平的变化规律,比较分娩后不同ALT水平组孕妇血清细胞因子水平差异。方法　选择2015年1月—2017年12月就诊于首都医科大学附属北京佑安医院的HBV感染免疫耐受期孕妇52例,妊娠28周给予替比夫定（telbivudine, LdT）抗病毒干预,分别于LdT干预前（基线）、分娩前（2周）及分娩后（6周）进行生化、血清学及病毒学检测,同步留取相应时间点外周血标本进行细胞因子检测,并分析分娩前后临床指标及细胞因子水平的变化特征。结果　52例患者分娩后6周ALT水平均值明显高于LdT干预前和分娩前,其中ALT≥2倍正常值上限（upper limit of normal, ULN）者达28.8%（15/52例）;与LdT干预前相比,分娩前HBV DNA水平显著下降,平均降幅达（3.68±0.79） lg IU/ml;HBsAg和HBeAg水平在分娩前后无明显变化。与分娩后ALT＜2倍ULN组相比,ALT≥2倍ULN组的IFN-γ水平在LdT干预前呈低水平表达,分娩后呈高水平表达,差异均有统计学意义（Z=2.284,P=0.022;Z=2.223,P=0.026）;2组间IL-2、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α在LdT干预前、分娩前及分娩后均无明显差异。结论　HBV感染免疫耐受期孕妇分娩后部分患者ALT明显升高,结合分娩前后细胞因子的动态变化,提示分娩后可能出现免疫功能增强并打破机体对HBV的免疫耐受,这或许有利于分娩后的抗病毒治疗,但仍须要进一步深入的研究。     

病残独生子女弓形虫感染的血清流行病学研究

弓形虫病是一种人兽共患的具自然疫源性疾病 ,广泛分布于世界各地。近年来对弓形虫感染及其临床危害性 ,已日益引起医学界关注。尤其弓形虫感染与优生优育的关系 ,正成为其研究热点。为此我们在对弓形虫感染与妊娠异常结局关系研究的基础上 ,自 1992年起 ,即对苏州吴县、无锡地     

弓形虫感染孕鼠T淋巴细胞亚群在外周血及蜕膜变化的研究

目的　探讨弓形虫感染孕鼠T淋巴细胞亚群在外周血及蜕膜的变化。方法　正常及弓形虫感染 (感染后 72h)孕鼠均于孕 1 8天 ,采用流式细胞仪技术检测外周血及蜕膜CD+ 4、CD+ 8T细胞百分率。结果　 (1 )在外周血 ,T淋巴细胞的变化表现为CD+ 4T细胞增多 (P <0 0 1 ) ,CD+ 8T细胞几乎无改变 ,CD+ 4/CD+ 8细胞比值增大 (P <0 0 1 )。 (2 )在蜕膜 ,T淋巴细胞的变化表现为CD+ 4T细胞减少 (P <0 0 5) ,CD+ 8T细胞增多 (P <0 0 5) ,CD+ 4/CD+ 8细胞比值减小 (P <0 0 1 )。结论　蜕膜局部对于阻断弓形虫感染孕鼠的母婴垂直传播可能起着重要的作用     

Pregnancy outcome in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus

OBJECTIVE: To identify the medical complications in a cohort of HIV-infected, pregnant women and to determine the risk of having the virus in the development of these complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cohort study of 44 HIV-infected and 88 seronegative pregnant women was performed. Pregnancy was followed and perinatal results were compared. HIV-infected women were asymptomatic with CD4 count > 200 mm3. Patients were matched for age and socioeconomic status. RESULTS: In 42 (95.4%) of HIV patients the disease had been transmitted sexually; 35 (79.5%) had been infected for less than one year and 15 (34%) received antiviral treatment during pregnancy. HIV-infected patients showed greater risk of infectious disorders (RR3.1, CI95% 1.9-52), cervical infections (RR 2.2, CI95% 1-48) and sexually transmitted diseases (RR 18, CI95% 2.3-137). Newborns showed low birth weight and were premature, and neonatal affections were similar in the two groups compared. Stratified analysis showed that no antiretroviral treatment and more than three sexual partners increase the risk of infections. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-seropositive, asymptomatic, pregnant women with > 200/mm3 CD4 count did not show greater medical risk along pregnancy and birth, although higher incidence of infections was detected.     

碳粒免疫试验(CIA)检测实验家兔弓形体抗体的研究

碳粒免疫试验(Carbon immunoassay——简称CIA)是一种直接的血清学方法。本文首次报道在国内应用CIA法对实验家兔弓形体抗体进行检测。共检测25只实验弓形体感染家兔的血清(55份),24只实验弓形体感染家兔的血滴(53份),两者弓形体抗体阳性率均为100％,无假阴性。血清抗体滴度高者可达1:5120,血滴抗体滴度高者可达1:64;前者几何平均滴度为1527,后者几何平均滴度为11.27。用正常家兔作对照,共检测正常家兔血清39份,正常家兔滤纸干血滴16份,结果均为阴性,未发现假阳性。还应用CIA法检测了10只实验家兔弓形体感染1周的血清和血滴,其弓形体抗体滴度均已能检出,而用酶联金葡菌A蛋白酶联免疫吸附试验(PPA-ELISA法)检测,10只兔中有1只尚未能检测出,提示前法似较后法敏感。另用同一份阳性和阴性血清分别进行PPA-ELISA法检测,两种方法的阳性符合率为98～100％,阴性符合率为100％。本文认为,CIA法是一种比较简便、经济、快速、灵敏的弓形体抗体检测方法,有推广应用的价值。     

Coreceptor change appears after immune deficiency is established in children infected with different HIV-1 subtypes

Change of HIV-1 coreceptor use has been connected to progression of disease in children infected with HIV-1, presumably subtype B. It has not been possible to discern whether the appearance of new viral phenotypes precedes disease development or comes as a consequence of it. We studied the evolution of coreceptor use in HIV-1 isolates from 24 vertically infected children. Their clinical, virological, and immunological status was recorded and the env V3 subtype was determined by DNA sequencing. Coreceptor use was tested on human cell lines, expressing CD4 together with CCR5, CXCR4, and other chemokine receptors. The children carried five different env subtypes (nine A, five B, four C, three D, and one G) and one circulating recombinant form, CRF01_AE (n = 2). Of the 143 isolates, 86 originated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and 57 originated from plasma, received at 90 time points. In 52 of 54 paired plasma and PBMC isolates the coreceptor use was concordant. All 74 isolates obtained at 41 time points during the first year of life used CCR5. A change from use of CCR5 to use of CXCR4 occurred in four children infected with subtype A, D, or CRF01_AE after they had reached 1.5 to 5.8 years of age. There was a significant association with decreased CD4+ cell levels and severity of disease but, interestingly, the coreceptor change appeared months or even years after the beginning of the immunological deterioration. Thus CXCR4-using virus may emerge as a possible consequence of immune deficiency. The results provide new insights into AIDS development in children.     

Pregnancy in women with congenital factor VII deficiency

The aim was to review the pregnancy and obstetric outcome in women with factor VII (FVII) deficiency. The study group contained women with FVII deficiency, registered with Haemophilia centre and Haemostasis Unit at the Royal Free Hospital, London. The women were interviewed and case notes were reviewed. The main outcome measures were changes in FVII levels in pregnancy, maternal and perinatal outcome. The FVII levels ranged from 7-36 IU dL(-1) in the 13 women included in the study. There were a total of 14 pregnancies in seven women. Ten pregnancies in four women were prior to the diagnosis of FVII deficiency. Following the diagnosis of FVII deficiency, there were four pregnancies in three women. There was an increase in the FVII level during pregnancy in these women from a mean baseline level of 33 IU dL(-1) to a mean of 73 IU dL(-1). These women received recombinant FVIIa replacement during labour and delivery. There were two early pregnancy losses, both associated with excessive haemorrhage. There was only one postpartum haemorrhage in the study. There is a significant increase in FVII levels in pregnancy in women with heterozygous FVII deficiency. The risk of bleeding in early pregnancy might be higher than that at term, due to inadequate rise in the FVII level in early pregnancy.     

Serum malondialdehyde level in patients infected with Ascaris lumbricoides

AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate the changes of serum malondialdehyde level, i.e; the oxidative stress hypothesis in patients infected with Ascaris lumbricoides. METHODS: Serum malondialdehyde activity was measured in 43 patients who were positive for intestinal parasite of Ascaris lumbricoides. Scores were obtained for the positives and their age-and sex-matched 60 Ascaris lumbricoides negative healthy controls. RESULTS: The difference between malondialdehyde levels of patients infected with Ascaris lumbricoides and control group was statistically significant both for females (P<0.05) and for males (P<0.05). In the patient and control groups, no correlation was found between age and malondialdehyde levels (P>0.05) both in females and in males. In addition, no significant correlation could be found between malondialdehyde levels of both females and males for patients and control groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Malondialdehyde levels clearly increase in patients infected with Ascaris lumbricoides.