三维时间飞跃法MR血管成像及三维增强MR血管成像对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨三维时间飞跃法MR血管成像(3DTOFMRA)和三维增强MR血管成像(3DCE-MRA)对颅内动脉瘤的诊断价值。方法对87例同时行3DTOFMRA、3DCE-MRA及DSA检查的疑似颅内动脉瘤患者进行回顾性分析。所有MRA图像由4名医师分成2组在工作站上进行读片。第1组由2名高年资影像医师分别独立阅读3DTOF法重建的最大密度投影(MIP)图像和原始数据图像(source像),第2组由2名高年资影像医师独立阅读3DCE-MRA重建图像。以DSA诊断结果作为标准,比较3DTOFMRA和3DCE-MRA诊断颅内动脉瘤的正确率。结果 3DTOFMRA提示的87例动脉瘤疑似病例中,3DCE-MRA否认4例,最后行DSA共检出84枚(81例)动脉瘤。3DTOFMRA总体诊断正确率为93.10%;3DCE-MRA总体诊断正确率为97.59%。第2组诊断有效性较高。结论 3DTOFMRA作为一种快速、无创的影像检查方法,能够有效发现颅内动脉瘤,结合分析原始数据图像可减少部分假象对诊断的影响;3DCE-MRA可更清晰显示病灶细节,进一步提高诊断准确性,且较DSA有操作简单、风险小,对比剂安全、用量少、价格便宜等优势。     

颅内动脉狭窄与闭塞诊断中MR增强血管成像的应用价值研究

目的:探讨颅内动脉狭窄与闭塞诊断中MR增强血管成像的应用价值.方法:选取2017年1月-2019年1月我院收治的颅内动脉狭窄与闭塞患者128例,将DSA检查作为金标准,分别行数字减影血管造影(DSA)及MRI检查,比较两种诊断方法诊断价值.结果:128例患者,共检出283条正常血管,69条颅内动脉闭塞、狭窄血管,DSA...     

实时三维磁共振血管成像诊断颅内动脉瘤

目的探讨实时三维磁共振血管成像(RT-3D-MRA)诊断脑动脉瘤的价值.方法选择MRA、DSA、手术资料完整的颅内动脉瘤患者20例,将所有病例MRI源图重新重建,用RT-3D-MRA再次观察,并与DSA、手术结果对照分析.结果 20例患者共检出24个动脉瘤,其中RT-3D-MRA、MRA-MIP、DSA三种方法假阴性数分别为1例、3例、2例,且RT-3D-MRA对动脉瘤细节观察更好.结论实时三维MRA可作为颅内动脉瘤患者的初选检查方法,与MRI、MRA-MIP结合可达到DSA同等的诊断效果.     

正常颅内动脉的磁共振血管造影

正常颅内动脉的磁共振血管造影柳澄，赵斌，刘作勤，张成启，于飞，陈立光，姚建国外磁共振血管造影（ＭＲａｎｇｉｏｇｒａｐｈｙ；ＭＲＡ）的研究进展很快。我们对５０例正常人进行了颅内动脉磁共振造彤。将ＭＲＡ对颈内动脉干，大脑前、中动脉、基底动脉及其主要分枝的...     

三维时间飞跃法磁共振血管成像与数字减影血管造影诊断基底动脉狭窄的一致性分析

目的使用统计学方法评估三维时间飞跃法磁共振血管成像(3D TOF MRA)和金标准数字减影血管造影(DSA)诊断基底动脉狭窄一致性。方法回顾性分析70例基底动脉狭窄患者的3D TOF MRA和DSA图像。把图像质量分为优、良、差三级,使用盲法评估血管狭窄程度,狭窄率≥50%的病变定为严重狭窄。MIP图像和原始图像相结合评估基底动脉病变狭窄程度,在原始图像上测量狭窄率。利用MEDCALC12.0软件进行统计学分析。使用Wilcoxon配对秩和检验衡量MRA和DSA狭窄率的差异;计算Spearman秩相关系数评价二者之间相关性;使用Bland-Altman图法比较二者测量结果的一致性。并计算诊断严重狭窄的敏感度、特异度、阳性似然比、阴性似然比、患病率、阳性预测值和阴性预测值,绘制ROC曲线。结果 MRA上38条基底动脉严重狭窄,DSA上35条动脉严重狭窄。MRA测得的基底动脉狭窄率(52.57±22.79)%稍大于DSA上测得的狭窄率(51.84±23.20)%,二者比较无统计学差异(P=0.152);相关性强(r=0.985,P<0.001);Bland-Altman图显示较强的一致性,95.71%(67/70)的点位于一致性界限内。敏感度、特异度、阳性似然比、阴性似然比、患病率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为94.29%、85.71%、6.6、0.07、50.00%、86.84%、93.75%。ROC曲线下面积为0.9(P<0.001)。结论和DSA相比,3D TOF MRA的诊断基底动脉狭窄的具有很好的一致性。     

动物血管狭窄模型评估中三维动态增强磁共振血管成像和数字减影血管造影的一致性比较

目的：对比三维动态增强磁共振血管成像(three dimensional dynamic contrast enhanced MR angiography，3D DCE MRA)与数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction ang iography。DSA)在对模型动物血管狭窄评估中的一致性。方法：选用健康杂种犬6条，建立股动脉狭窄模型，制成轻度狭窄6段(狭窄程度约为26％)，重度狭窄模型6段(狭窄程度约为65％)。采用3D DCE MRA和DSA分别对狭窄模型血管进行检查，在两种方法获得的图像上分别测量并计算靶血管的狭窄长度和程度，对两组结果进行比较分析。结果：本组中3D DCE MRA测得动脉狭窄模型的狭窄程度较DSA略高，且重度狭窄较轻度狭窄更为明显。但二者测得的狭窄程度(F=0．004，P&;gt;0．05)和长度(F=1．581，P&;gt;0．05)结果差异无显性意义。结论：3D DCE MRA对血管狭窄长度和程度的判定准确可靠，其结果与DSA有很好的一致性，但3D DCE MRA对狭窄程度的判定可能存在高估。     

CT血管造影与核磁共振诊断颈内动脉颅内段血管狭窄的价值

目的:探讨CT血管造影、核磁共振诊断颈内动脉颅内段血管狭窄的价值。方法:随机选取2016年1~12月我院收治的拟诊为颈内动脉短暂性脑缺血发作或缺血性脑卒中患者80例为研究对象,所有患者均行CT血管造影、核磁共振和数字减影血管造影检查。以数字减影血管造影的检查结果为金标准,分析CT血管造影与核磁共振的诊断准确性。结果:80例患者共375段,其中130段为C1~C3段,125段为C4段,120段为C5;CT血管造影诊断C4和C5段准确率均高于核磁共振,差异有统计学意义,P<0.05。结论:在颈内动脉颅内段血管狭窄的诊断中,CT血管造影诊断的准确性较核磁共振更高,尤其是能准确评估C4和C5段,更便于判断狭窄原因。     

颅内自膨支架治疗前循环症状性动脉血管狭窄

目的分析颅内自膨支架置入治疗前循环症状性动脉血管狭窄的临床疗效。方法应用Gateway-Wingspan支架系统,对23例狭窄段动脉血管治疗,置入Wingspan支架18枚,其余5例仅行Gateway球囊扩张。结果平均狭窄率由手术前的79.4%变化为22%。术中1例动脉血管夹层,随访中发现2例再狭窄,1例新发梗死灶。结论 Gateway-Wingspan支架系统治疗颅内血管狭窄具有较高的技术成功率。     

颅内自膨支架治疗前循环症状性动脉血管狭窄

目的分析颅内自膨支架置入治疗前循环症状性动脉血管狭窄的临床疗效。方法．应用Gateway-Wingspan支架系统,对23例狭窄段动脉血管治疗,置入Wingspan支架18枚,其余5例仅行Gateway球囊扩张。结果平均狭窄率由手术前的79．4％变化为22％。术中1例动脉血管夹层,随访中发现2例再狭窄,1例新发梗死灶。结论Gateway-Wingspan支架系统治疗颅内血管狭窄具有较高的技术成功率。     

经皮血管内支架成形术治疗颅内动脉狭窄11例

我院2004年4月~2006年3月应用经皮血管内支架成形术(PTA)治疗颅内动脉血管狭窄11例,成功释放支架10枚,1枚未能输送到位,手术失败,术后3例出现严重并发症。现报告如下。1临床资料1·1一般资料本组11例,男6例,女5例;年龄52~70岁,平均59·7岁。术前均行脑CT或MR I检查,4例显示脑部有陈旧性腔隙梗死灶;经颅多普勒超声(TCD)及数字减影全脑血管造影(DSA),狭窄率在50%~90%,均为颅内症状性罪犯血管,其中大脑中动脉7例,椎基底动脉3例,颈内动脉颅内段1例。术前均行全面评估,无绝对禁忌证[1]。1·2手术方法1·2·1术前准备:术前7天予肠溶阿司匹林…     

颅内外血管狭窄支架置入后血浆同型半胱氨酸的变化

选择2003-02/2006-02北京天坛医院应用血管内支架成形术治疗的25例颅内外动脉狭窄的患者.患者对治疗及实验均知情同意.于颈内动脉颅内、外段以及椎、基底动脉25根狭窄的血管上放置25枚支架,术后6～12个月复查数字减影血管造影,评估血管再狭窄情况.采用高效液相色谱分析术前、术后3 d和造影复查时血浆同型半胱氨酸水平.术后随访6～12个月时12例(48%)出现了再狭窄,其中6例再狭窄超过50%,余6例再狭窄10%～30%.另外13例血管未发现明显再狭窄.术前两组血浆同型半胱氨酸水平比较差别无显著性意义(P > 0.05);支架置入后3 d 两组血浆同型半胱氨酸水平均高于术前(P < 0.01);6～12个月复查时再狭窄组的患者血浆同型半胱氨酸水平高于未狭窄组,差别有显著性意义(P < 0.05).结果提示支架置入后血浆同型半胱氨酸水平增高可能与术后再狭窄有关.     

三维增强MR血管造影在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的价值探讨

目的：评价三维增强MR血管造影（3D CE-MRA）在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的价值及准确性。方法：选择51例动脉瘤患者中同时行3D CE-MRA、三维时间飞越法MR血管造影（3D TOF-MRA）检查的27例动脉瘤患者，所有患者经DSA检查确诊。比较3D CE-MRA和3D TOF-MRA在显示动脉瘤及动脉瘤形态、瘤颈、载瘤动脉及瘤腔血栓能力上的优劣。结果：27例患者检出29个动脉瘤，3D CE-MRA和3D TOF-MRA的敏感性分别是100%（29/29），86%（25/29）。在动脉瘤形态，瘤颈形状及载瘤血管的显示上3D CE-MRA优于3D TOF-MRA（P<0.01），瘤腔血栓的显示上二者无差异（P>0.05）。结论：3D CE-MRA是一种快速有效、无创的诊断颅内动脉瘤的方法。     

Efficacy of cilostazol for intracranial arterial stenosis evaluated by digital subtraction angiography/magnetic resonance angiography

Introduction  

Intracranial arterial stenosis is an important factor in the development of cerebral infarction; however, no effective treatment has been established. A phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) inhibitor, cilostazol, has been reported to suppress progression of symptomatic intracranial arterial stenosis in combination with aspirin, but the study used magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for evaluation, which is not considered optimal for assessment of stenotic lesions.     

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator trial may be used as a screening tool prior to spinal cord stimulator implantation

This is a prospective pilot study looking at the utility of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulator (TENS) trial as a screening tool prior to spinal cord stimulator (SCS) implant to identify patients who may fail a SCS trial. The accepted screening test prior to a permanent SCS implant is a SCS trial. Patients may fail the SCS trial due to several causes of which one is the inability to tolerate stimulation induced paresthesias. Twenty five patients scheduled for a SCS trial for the treatment of refractory pain secondary to Failed Back surgery syndrome underwent a TENS trial and psychological evaluation by personnel uninvolved in the SCS trial. Data was collected by personnel not involved in the SCS trial or permanent placement. Twenty patients completed the study. Data collected included area of coverage, paresthesia tolerance, pain and anxiety measured on a VAS scale. Comparability between the groups were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation, Fisher Exact test and simple regression analysis. We noted a significant correlation between ability to tolerate TENS and SCS induced paresthesias. Statistically significant correlation was also noted between pre SCS trial anxiety score and high pain score during SCS trial. We conclude that there is potential applicability of a TENS trial as a non invasive screening tool which may promote cost effectiveness and decrease unnecessary procedural risks to the patient by avoiding SCS trial in select patients.     

CT血管造影与MR血管造影对颅内动脉瘤诊断价值的对比研究

目的通过CTA检查结果与MRA检查结果的对比分析,探讨二者在诊断颅内动脉瘤中的临床应用价值。材料与方法回顾性分析60例高度怀疑颅内动脉瘤患者的DSA影像资料,及其CTA或MRA图像,在60例行DSA检查患者中,行CTA检查者30例,行MRA检查者30例。图像后处理采用最大密度投影(MIP)和容积重建(VR),以DSA检查结果及行动脉夹闭术作为诊断动脉瘤的标准,比较CTA和MRA对颅内动脉瘤的显示情况。结果在60例中,DSA和动脉瘤夹闭术共证实30个动脉瘤,其中30例16个动脉瘤CTA显示良好,30例14个动脉瘤MRA显示良好。CTA发现颅内动脉瘤的敏感性为93.3%特异性为86.7%准确性为90.0%,MRA发现颅内动脉瘤的敏感性为60.0%特异性为66.7%准确性为63.3%。结论头颈部CTA检查能够快速、安全、无创、有效的诊断脑动脉瘤,可作为临床筛查大部分颅内动脉瘤的首选检查方法。     

Evidence-based evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic tool in dementia workup

BACKGROUND: The diagnostic utility of magnetic resonance imaging in dementia workups has increased recently. The basic use is to exclude space-occupying processes in the brain. However, magnetic resonance imaging offers major opportunities for studying atrophy of specific brain areas. A great interest has been put in whether atrophy in the medial temporal lobe can serve as an early diagnostic marker for Alzheimer disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this evaluation, we used evidence-based techniques and reviewed more than 400 articles that address this issue. Our main finding is that a variety of methods in studying brain areas were used, and this made it difficult to extract conclusive information in a systematic way. CONCLUSION: However, we were able to conclude that atrophy of the hippocampus can distinguish patients with Alzheimer disease from healthy subjects, but there was a lack of evidence because of insufficient studies concerning the usefulness of medial temporal lobe atrophy as a diagnostic marker in a more general setting.     

经颅多普勒超声与磁共振血管成像评估颅内大动脉血管腔及血流动力学变化的比较

背景：血管造影虽为诊断脑血管病的“金标准”，因其有创性不能广泛应用，经颅多普勒超声和头部磁共振血管成像均为无创检查，可用于颅内大动脉血管腔及血流动力学的评估。目的：探讨经颅多普勒超声评估缺血性脑血管病时血流动力学变化的可靠性及与磁共振血管成像的相关性。设计：以患者为观察对象，病例分析。单位：哈尔滨医科大学第一临床医学院神经内科。对象：以2001—04／2002—02哈尔滨医科大学第一临床医学院神经内科收治的脑卒中患者45例为观察对象，所有患者经CT证实为缺血性脑血管病，且对实验知情同意。方法：应用TC-2021经颅多普勒超声仪及VISART1．5T超导MR装置，对45例患者行经颅多普勒超声与磁共振血管成像检查，两次检查相隔时间为1～15d。观察所检大脑中动脉、颈内动脉末端、大脑前动脉、大脑后动脉、椎动脉、基底动脉血管的血流动力学及管腔形态的变化。主要观察指标：①经颅多普勒超声和磁共振血管成像检查患者颅内血管腔和血流动力学结果的相关性。②以磁共振血管成像为标准，比较经颅多普勒超声检查的特异性，敏感性，假阳性，假阴性及符合率。结果：45例患者全部进入结果分析。①经颅多普勒超声和磁共振血管成像检测结果相关性：理论值：Tmin=9．91；X^2=107．92，P〈0．005，可认为两者检出率结果有关；经颅多普勒超声检出率为19．06％，磁共振血管成像检出率为15．25％，两者检出阳性率有差别（X^2=-3．93，P〈0．05）。②以磁共振血管成像为标准，比较经颅多普勒超声发现相应血管病变数，得出诊断异常血管的特异性为94．22％、敏感性为78．10％、假阳性为7．46％，假阴性为23.31％及符合率为89.36％。结论：经颅多普勒超声诊断缺血性脑血管病脑血管异与磁共振血管成像相符性较高，它能准确判定所探及血管功能状态，能较早而敏感反映脑血流动力学的变化。而磁共振血管成像则可直接显示血管形态的改变，两者结合可提高诊断的敏感性和特异性。     

经颅多普勒超声与磁共振血管成像评估颅内大动脉血管腔及血流动力学变化的比较

背景血管造影虽为诊断脑血管病的"金标准",因其有创性不能广泛应用,经颅多普勒超声和头部磁共振血管成像均为无创检查,可用于颅内大动脉血管腔及血流动力学的评估.目的探讨经颅多普勒超声评估缺血性脑血管病时血流动力学变化的可靠性及与磁共振血管成像的相关性.设计以患者为观察对象,病例分析.单位哈尔滨医科大学第一临床医学院神经内科.对象以2001-04/2002-02哈尔滨医科大学第一临床医学院神经内科收治的脑卒中患者45例为观察对象,所有患者经CT证实为缺血性脑血管病,且对实验知情同意.方法应用TC-2021经颅多普勒超声仪及VISART1.5T超导MR装置,对45例患者行经颅多普勒超声与磁共振血管成像检查,两次检查相隔时间为1～15 d.观察所检大脑中动脉、颈内动脉末端、大脑前动脉、大脑后动脉、椎动脉、基底动脉血管的血流动力学及管腔形态的变化.主要观察指标①经颅多普勒超声和磁共振血管成像检查患者颅内血管腔和血流动力学结果的相关性.②以磁共振血管成像为标准,比较经颅多普勒超声检查的特异性,敏感性,假阳性,假阴性及符合率.结果45例患者全部进入结果分析.①经颅多普勒超声和磁共振血管成像检测结果相关性理论值Tmin=9.91;χ2=107.92,P＜0.005,可认为两者检出率结果有关;经颅多普勒超声检出率为19.06%,磁共振血管成像检出率为15.25%,两者检出阳性率有差别(χ2=3.93,P＜0.05).②以磁共振血管成像为标准,比较经颅多普勒超声发现相应血管病变数,得出诊断异常血管的特异性为94.22%、敏感性为78.10%、假阳性为7.46%,假阴性为23.31%及符合率为89.36%.结论经颅多普勒超声诊断缺血性脑血管病脑血管异与磁共振血管成像相符性较高,它能准确判定所探及血管功能状态,能较早而敏感反映脑血流动力学的变化.而磁共振血管成像则可直接显示血管形态的改变,两者结合可提高诊断的敏感性和特异性.     

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance as a reliable alternative to cardiovascular computed tomography and transesophageal echocardiography for aortic annulus valve sizing

To assess the accuracy and reproducibly of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) in the measurement of the aortic annulus and in process of valve sizing as compared to intra-operative sizing, cardiovascular computed tomography (CCT) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Retrospective study on 42 patients who underwent aortic valve replacement from September 2010 to September 2015, with available records of pre surgery annulus assessment by CMR, CCT and TEE and of peri-operative assessment. In CCT and CMR, the annular plane was considered a virtual ring formed by the lowest hinge points of the valvular attachments to the aorta. In TEE the annulus was measured at the base of leaflet insertion in the mid-esophageal long-axis view using the X-plane technique. Two double-blinded operators performed the assessments for each imaging technique. Intra-operative evaluation was performed using Hegar dilators. Continuous variables were studied with within-subject ANOVA, Bland–Altman (BA) plots, Wilcoxon’s and Friedman’s tests; trends were explored with scatter plots. Categorical variables were studied with Fisher’s exact test. The intra- and inter-operator reliability was satisfying. There were no significant differences between the annulus dimensions measured by CMR and either one of the three references. Valve sizing for CoreValve by CMR had the same good agreement with CCT and TEE, with a 78?% match rate; for SAPIEN XT the agreement was slightly better (82?%) for CCT than for TEE (66?%). MR performs well when compared to the surgical reference of intra-operative sizing and stands up to the level of the most used imaging references (CCT and TEE).