血浆促酰化蛋白水平与儿童青少年肥胖和代谢综合征的关联性分析

目的探讨儿童青少年血浆促酰化蛋白（ASP）水平与肥胖及代谢综合征（MS）的关系。方法以2004年北京市儿童青少年代谢综合征（BCAMS）调查总样本中1603名6～18岁儿童青少年为研究对象。采用中国肥胖问题工作组推荐的标准诊断超重和肥胖。符合下述5项指标中的3项及以上者诊断为MS：①腹型肥胖（腰围≥‰）；②高血压（≥P90）；③高密度脂蛋白胆固醇≤1．03mmol·L^-1；④三酰甘油≥1．24mmol·L^-1；⑤高空腹血糖（≥5．60mmol·L^-1）。采用ELISA法检测血浆ASP水平，免疫透射比浊法检测补体3（c3）水平。采用方差分析比较超重、肥胖及MS儿童青少年的血浆ASP水平，多因素Logistic回归分析血浆ASP水平与超重、肥胖及MS的关系。结果1603名研究对象中男性873名（54．5％）、女性730名（45．5％）；超重和肥胖者分别为291名（18．2％）和709名（44．2％）；MS为376名（23．4％）。正常体重、超重和肥胖组MS检出率分别为2．2％（13／603名）、15．5％（45／291名）和44．9％（318／709名）。正常体重组血浆ASP水平男性低于女性，差异有统计学意义（t=2．527，P〈0．05）。正常体重、超重和肥胖组血浆ASP的几何均值（P25-P75），男性分别为37．52（22．36～64．58）、57．88（34．10～95．11）和60．63（35．30～109．72）nmol·L^-1；女性分别为44．16（27．27～74．72）、60．25（35．68～113．15）和66．68（44．56-113．97）nmol·L^-1，均呈逐渐升高趋势（男性：，=34．329，P〈0．001；女性：F=22．246，P〈0．001）。C3水平仅在肥胖女性中升高（P〈0．01）。血浆ASP水平随MS组分聚集的数目增加而升高（男性：F=16．422，P〈0．001；女性：F=9．661，P〈0．001），与高血压、腹型肥胖和高空腹血糖的关系尤为密切。血浆ASP水平升高与儿童青少年超重、肥胖和MS的患病风险密切相关，相对于最低5分位值，位于最高5分位值的ASP水平与超重、肥胖和MS关系的OR值（95％CI）分别为3．90（2．38～6．39）、6．05（4．06～9．01）和2．89（1．93～4．33）。结论超重、肥胖和MS儿童青少年血浆ASP水平明显升高，血浆ASP水平可能对儿童青少年超重、肥胖和MS的发生具有较好的预测价值。     

深圳市龙岗区中小学生超重、肥胖状况调查分析

目的分析深圳市龙岗区中小学生超重与肥胖状况。方法采用多级分层整群抽样法对深圳市龙岗区7所中小学校7～18岁的学生进行体格检查和问卷调查。应用＂中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体质指数分类标准＂筛查出各年龄组男女生超重与肥胖人数,分析比较各年龄组男女生超重与肥胖检出率。结果深圳市龙岗区中小学生男生超重、肥胖率分别为12.27%和7.65%,女生超重、肥胖率分别为8.71%和5.25%,男女生超重率均高于肥胖率。小学男、女生超重检出率分别为14.43%和10.20%（χ2=24.901,P〈0.01）,小学男、女生肥胖检出率分别为10.65%和7.19%（χ2=22.130,P〈0.01）,差异均有统计学意义。中学男、女生超重检出率分别为10.10%和7.16%（χ2=16.148,P〈0.01）,中学男、女生肥胖检出率分别为4.62%和3.24%（χ2=24.990,P〈0.01）,差异均有统计学意义。结论深圳市龙岗区中小学生超重与肥胖问题严重,尤其是小学男生。各学校、社区、家庭及有关管理部门应进一步加强中小学生的健康卫生教育工作,防止中小学生超重、肥胖进一步蔓延。     

广州市457名在校学生肥胖和血脂紊乱状况分析

目的分析广州市457名在校学生肥胖和血脂紊乱状况。方法随机抽取广州市区小学、初中、高中各一所学校的学生共457名，测量身高、体重、脂肪含量，采集静脉血测定总胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL—C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL—C）、甘油三酯（TG），按照美国国家胆固醇教育计划（NCEP）推荐的儿童血脂异常诊断标准进行分析。中国学龄儿童青少年超重、肥胖筛查体重指数依据中国肥胖问题工作组推荐标准。结果该样本中31．1％出现血脂紊乱，超重＋肥胖率为36．3％，肥胖率为15．8％；血脂紊乱发生率在体型正常者中与超重或肥胖者中有显著性差异（P〈0．05）；TC和脂肪含量在男女性别之间总体均数差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；体重指数（BMI）除LDL-C外，与TG、TC、HDL—C相关系数差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论此次调查结果显示，457名学生中，按照青少年肥胖分级，超重与肥胖率已达到Ⅲ级水平中的高度警戒水平。     

阳春市中学生单纯性肥胖症流行病学调查

目的研究阳春市中学生超重、肥胖的流行现状及其影响因素。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法，对该市中学生进行现场调查。结果阳春市中学生超重发生率为6．98％，肥胖率为2．81％；男生超重、肥胖检出率显著高于女生。父母肥胖、进食快、喜吃蔬菜是肥胖的影响因素。结论中学生肥胖的发生主要与不良饮食习惯、生活方式密切相关，还与父母因素有关。     

滨州市滨城区中小学生体质量指数与血压相关分析

目的 结合儿童青少年血压和体质量指数现状,分析运动时间及频率、饮食结构与肥胖、超重的相关性,为预防儿童青少年超重与肥胖及高血压提供数据支持。方法 采用整群抽样法从健康体检的6～15岁儿童青少年中随机抽取儿童青少年作为研究对象。比较不同性别、年龄组儿童青少年超重、肥胖、血压情况,分析血压与超重、肥胖相关性,采用调查问卷方式汇总儿童青少年运动时间及频率、饮食结构的情况,并采用多因素Logistic回归分析运动时间及频率、饮食结构与超重、肥胖的相关性。结果 不同性别、年龄组的血压升高率、超重检出率、肥胖检出率差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,男生血压升高率、超重检出率、肥胖检出率高于女生;不同体质指数情况（正常、超重、肥胖）间收缩压、舒张压分布的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;不同年龄组的儿童青少年不同体质指数情况和血压升高比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,饮食结构、运动时间及频率均可以显著影响超重和肥胖的发生（P<0.05）。结论 儿童青少年饮食结构、运动时间及频率与超重和肥胖发生有一定相关性。家庭、学校、社会应引...     

应用不同参考标准评估2010年上海市7—17岁儿童青少年高血压患病率

目的分别应用基于年龄和性别的中国儿童青少年血压参考标准（NBPR）和基于年龄、性别和身高百分位数的儿童青少年血压参考标准（BPCH）,评估上海市儿童青少年人群的高血压患病率。方法样本人群来自上海市学生体质健康监测中心2010年的常规数据,包含7—17岁男女生各3300名。NBPR是我国儿童青少年基于性别和年龄的血压参考标准（2010）,BPCH是应用GAMLSS技术参考中国家庭营养健康调查1991至2009年的数据构建的基于性别、年龄和身高百分位数的儿童血压参考标准。收缩压（SBP）或舒张压（DBP）≥其性别、年龄和身高相应的％界值定义为高血压。对两种标准下结果不一致的研究对象进行特征分析,计算身高的z值并进行比较。结果应用NBPR,男生、女生的高血压患病率分别为11．3％、10．0％,患病率随着年龄的增长而增长。应用BPCH,男生、女生高血压患病率分别为6．9％、6．0％,发病率在各年龄段大致稳定。187名（5．6％）男生和190名（5．7％）女生应用NBPR和BPCH均被诊断为高血压,42名男生（1．3％）、8名女生（0．2％）仅被BPCH诊断为高血压,其平均身高[男：（138．1±2．1）cm,女：（139．4±9．8）cm]分别低于总体样本的平均身高[男：17cm（Z=-0．78,P〈0．0001）;女：11cm（Z=-1．29,P=0．0159）]。188名男生（5．7％）、141名女生（4．3％）仅被NBPR诊断为高血压,平均身高[男生：（169．0±17．6）cm,女生：（160．6±6．5）cm]分别高于总体样本的平均身高[男生：13．9em（Z=0．31,P〈0．0001）;女生：10．2cm（Z=0．39,P〈0．0001）]。结论通过对NBPR和BPCH的比较结果显示,血压标准考虑身高与否直接影响着男生4．42％和女生4．03％血压的判定,建议我国须建立与国际接轨的同时考虑性别、年龄和身高的血压参考值。     

6～11岁肥胖儿童行为问题调查

目的：调查6～11岁肥胖儿章行为问题。方法：采用Achenbach’s儿童行为量表（CBCL），对安徽省安庆市与铜陵市111名调查对象进行问卷调查。结果：肥胖儿童行为问题发生率为36．94％，男、女分别为40．38％和33．90％，性别间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。4～16岁正常儿童青少年行为问题总发生率为12．97％（男童13．44％、女童12．52％），肥胖儿童整体及按性别比较，行为问题发生率均较高（u分别为7．52、5．70和4．96，P均〈0．01）。男童行为问题各因子发生率由高到低依次为：强迫行为34．62％、分裂焦虑23．08％、抑郁19．23％、体诉15．39％、交往不良13．46％、社交退缩9．62％、多动9．62％、攻击性9．62％和违纪表现5．77％，各因子发生率差异有统计学意义（X^2=25．25，P〈0．05）；女童行为问题各因子发生率依次为：分裂强迫23．73％、抑郁11．86％、多动10．17％、性问题10．17％、体诉848％、攻击性8．48％、社交退缩6．78％、残忍表现6．78％和违纪表现5．09％，差别有统计学意义（X^2=15．59，P〈0．05）。男、女童共有的6个行为问题因子：社交退缩、多动、体诉、违纪表现、攻击性、抑郁，无性别差异（P均〉0．05）。结论：肥胖儿童行为问题发生率远远高于全国4～16岁儿童青少年，肥胖男童主要表现在强迫行为、分裂焦虑、抑郁、体诉、交件不良，女童主要表现在分裂强迫、抑郁、多动、性问题。     

经典文化教育对小学生行为方式影响的对照研究

目的了解经典文化教育对小学生行为方式的影响作用。方法采用儿童行为量表（CBCL）时诵读经典组和对照组分别进行测试。结果结果显示,男生在社交退缩方面诵读经典组和对照组之间存在显著性差异（P〈0．01）;在抑郁、交往不良、攻击性和违纪行为方面存在差异（P〈0．05）;女生组在社交退缩方面诵读经典组和对照组存在显著性差异（P〈0．01）;在抑郁方面存在差异（P〈0．05）。结论经典文化教育对小学生养成良好的行为习惯有一定的影响作用。开展经典文化教育具有现实意义。     

社会支持和应对方式在研究生压力与抑郁间的调节作用

目的：探讨社会支持和应对方式在压力和抑郁间的调节作用。方法：对751名研究生施测青少年生活事件量表（ASLEC）、社会支持评定量表（SSRS）、简易应对方式问卷（SCSQ）及流调中心用抑郁量表（CES-D）。结果：（1）研究生抑郁情绪的检出率为21．2％。（2）学习负担重、就业（升学）压力、长期远离家人不能团聚、恋爱不顺利或失恋、考试失败、与同学或好友发生纠纷、被人误会或错怪等是研究生承受的主要压力。（3）相关分析发现：压力与抑郁呈正相关（r=0．47，P〈0．01）；社会支持和积极应对方式均与抑郁呈负相关（r=-0．35，-0．52，P〈0．01）。（4）交互作用分析显示，压力与社会支持在抑郁变量上的交互作用显著（F=4．18，P〈0．05）；压力与应对方式在抑郁上的交互作用显著（F=-10．43，P〈0．01）。结论：研究生抑郁情绪与压力、社会支持以及应对方式密切相关；社会支持和应对方式在压力与抑郁之间起着重要的调节作用。     

哈尔滨市外来务工人员子女在校问题行为及社交能力调查研究

调查哈尔滨市外来务工人员子女在校问题行为和社交能力。采用Achenbach儿童行为量表（CBCL），对全市外来务工人员子女学校随机抽取了1～5年级共221名学生进行调查。外来务工人员子女在校CBCL阳性检出率是10．4％，男生行为问题检出率为9．7％，女生行为问题检出率为11．0％，男生和女生行为问题检出率差异没有统计学意义（χ2=0．101，P〉0．05）。三、四年级学生问题行为和社交能力得分最高。     

Socioeconomic costs of overweight and obesity in Korean adults

This study was conducted to estimate the socioeconomic costs of overweight and obesity in a sample of Korean adults aged 20 yr and older in 2005. The socioeconomic costs of overweight and obesity include direct costs (inpatient care, outpatient care and medication) and indirect costs (loss of productivity due to premature deaths and inpatient care, time costs, traffic costs and nursing fees). Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, ischemic heart disease, stroke, colon cancer and osteoarthritis were selected as obesity-related diseases. The population attributable fraction (PAF) of obesity was calculated from national representative data of Korea such as the National Health Insurance Corporation (NHIC) cohort data and the 2005 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data. Direct costs of overweight and obesity were estimated at approximately U$1,081 million equivalent (men: U$497 million, women: U$584 million) and indirect costs were estimated at approximately U$706 million (men: U$527 million, women: U$178 million). The estimated total socioeconomic costs of overweight and obesity were approximately U$1,787 million (men: U$1,081 million, women: U$706 million). These total costs represented about 0.22% of the gross domestic product (GDP) and 3.7% of the national health care expenditures in 2005. We found the socioeconomic costs of overweight and obesity in Korean adults aged 20 yr and older are substantial. In order to control the socioeconomic burden attributable to overweight and obesity, effective national strategies for prevention and management of obesity should be established and implemented.     

Prevalence of overweight,obesity and physical activity levels in children from Azores Islands

Abstract

Background: Childhood overweight and obesity are increasing all over the world and have been associated with low levels of physical activity (PA).

Aims: To determine the prevalence of overweight, obesity and PA levels in Azorean children according to age and sex; and to determine the association between levels of PA and prevalence of overweight and obesity.

Subjects and methods: Weight, height and PA levels were measured in 3699 children aged 6–10 years, from the Azores Islands, Portugal. Overweight and obesity were classified according to the cut-offs of .

Results: In girls, prevalences of overweight and obesity were 22.8% and 13.2%, and in boys 17.6% and 12.3%, respectively. No age trends were found in the prevalence of overweight or obesity; however, girls had a higher risk of being overweight (OR = 1.4, 95% CI = 1.2–1.7) than boys. Levels of PA were higher in boys compared to girls (F(1) = 52.8, p < 0.001). A protective effect of PA practice (very active versus less active) was observed for obesity (OR = 0.7; 95% CI = 0.5–0.9).

Conclusion: The results demonstrate the existence of high prevalence of overweight and obesity in children from the Azores Islands, which is associated with low levels of PA.     

Association of Physical Activity and Sitting Time with Overweight/Obesity in Chinese Occupational Populations

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore association of physical activity and sitting time with overweight/obesity in Chinese occupational populations for the development of intervention and prevention strategies for obesity.MethodsA total of 23,112 participants were selected from the 2010–2012 China National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS). A logistics regression model was used to examine the associations of physical activity and sitting time with overweight/obesity by gender after adjusting for age, educational level, marital status, and family economic level.ResultsThe prevalence of overweight/obesity based on the WHO definition and the WGOC definition was 30.8% and 41.3%, respectively. Male employees with moderate and heavy occupation activity intensity had a lower risk for overweight/obesity than those with light occupation activity intensity (moderate: OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.82–0.98; heavy: OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.65–0.86), and the risk of overweight/obesity of male employees with long work-time spent sitting was higher than those with short work-time spent sitting (2–4.9 h/day: OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.14–1.40; ≥5 h/day: OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.15–1.44). The risk of overweight/obesity of male employees with active transportation mode was lower than those with inactive transportation mode (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.99), while the risk of overweight/obesity of female employees with active transportation mode was higher (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04–1.25). Female employees with leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) for ≥150 min/week had lower risk of overweight/obesity than those with LTPA for <150 min/week (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.56–0.84). There was no significant association of leisure-time sitting and housework time with overweight/obesity in Chinese occupational populations.ConclusionOccupation activity intensity, LTPA, transportation mode, and work sitting time were associated with overweight/obesity. Reducing work sitting time, moderate and heavy occupation activity intensity, and an active transportation mode could help male employees decrease the risk of overweight/obesity. Increasing leisure-time physical activity could reduce the risk of overweight/obesity in women. Our findings provided insight into the association of physical activity and sitting time with overweight/obesity. It will be necessary to carry out workplace-based interventions, have an active transportation mode, and increase leisure-time physical activity to decrease the risks of overweight/obesity.     

广州越秀区7岁以下儿童单纯性肥胖症现状调查

目的了解越秀区7岁以下儿童单纯性肥胖症的流行现状及其变化趋势,为预防及控制单纯性肥胖症提供科学依据。方法分层整群抽样越秀区7岁以下儿童4737名,身高别体重大于WHO推荐参照人群的10%~19%为超重,20%以上为肥胖。结果总超重检出率为6.06%(男6.67%,女5.28%),肥胖检出率为2.28%(男3.10%,女1.38%),肥胖超重比2.66(男2.15,女3.82),0~2岁儿童肥胖超重比为8.33。男童超重及肥胖检出率显著高于女童(P<0.05);3~6岁组儿童肥胖检出率2.93%,显著高于0~2岁组儿童的0.48%(P<0.01),3~6岁儿童肥胖率随年龄增加而显著增加(P<0.01)。结论越秀区7岁以下男童超重、肥胖检出率明显高于女童;3~6岁儿童肥胖率随年龄的增加而显著增加,0~2岁儿童肥胖症呈快速上升趋势。     

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in 7-9-year-old Portuguese children: trends in body mass index from 1970-2002.

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Portuguese children age 7-9 years and to analyze trends in body mass index (BMI) from 1970-2002. Data were collected from October 2002 to June 2003 in a random sample of Portuguese children. Height and weight were measured and BMI (Kg/m(2)) was calculated. The International Obesity TaskForce (IOTF) cutoffs to define overweight and obesity were used. In the total sample we found 20.3% of overweight children and 11.3% of obese children. These results indicate a prevalence of overweight/obesity of 31.5%. Girls presented higher percentages of overweight than boys except at age 7.5. Girls also showed a higher percentages of obesity than boys except at age 9. From 1970 to 1992 and 1992 to 2002, height, weight, and BMI increased at different velocities: weight increased faster than height, and, consequently, BMI increased more in the last period than in the first one, leading to an increase in obesity values. Compared to published data by IOTF on other European countries, who applied the same methods to define overweight and obesity, Portuguese children showed the second-highest mean values in overweight/obesity. Italy showed the highest values (36%). The present study shows a very high prevalence of overweight/obesity (31.5%) in Portuguese children compared to other European countries. Portugal followed the trend of other Mediterranean countries like Spain (30%), Greece (31%), and Italy (36%). These high values require a national intervention program to control childhood obesity.     

Childhood maltreatment and pre-pregnancy obesity: a comparison of obese,overweight, and normal weight pregnant women

Pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity is associated with poor health outcomes for the mother and the child. General population studies suggest that childhood maltreatment is associated with obesity in adulthood. The aim of our study was to examine the association between pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity and a history of childhood abuse or neglect including different stages of severity of abuse and neglect. Three hundred twenty-six normal weight, overweight, or obese pregnant women reported demographic data, height and weight, and general psychological distress at 18–22 weeks of gestation. Childhood maltreatment was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Associations were examined using logistic regression analyses and a reference group of normal weight women. Fifty percent reported a history of abuse or neglect. After adjusting for age, education, income, marital status, and the number of previous children, pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity were strongly associated with severe physical abuse (overweight: OR?=?8.33, 95 % CI 1.48–47.03; obesity: OR?=?6.31, 95 % CI 1.06–37.60). Women with severe physical neglect (OR?=?4.25, 95 % CI 1.23–14.74) were at increased risk of pregnancy overweight. We found a dose-response relationship between physical abuse and pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity. Whereas other studies report an association between childhood maltreatment and pre-pregnancy obesity, this is the first study that found an association between childhood maltreatment and pre-pregnancy overweight. Considering the severe health risks of pre-pregnancy overweight and obesity and the long-term consequences of childhood maltreatment, affected women constitute a subgroup with special needs in prenatal care. Further research is needed to improve the understanding of the underlying mechanisms.     

High prevalence of overweight and obesity among inner city Chinese children in Shanghai, 2011

Background: In China, the prevalence of overweight and obesity appears to be increasing at unacceptable levels among young people living in major cities undergoing rapid economic growth.

Objective: To report the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Shanghai inner city youth using the recently published International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) Asian definition.

Methods: Secondary analysis of children aged 8–15 years who participated in the Shanghai Schools’ Physical Fitness Examinations, a representative school-based survey. Height and weight were measured and body mass index (kg/m²) was calculated. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was determined using the IOTF children’s BMI cut-points for Asian populations, equivalent to an adult BMI of 23?kg/m² (overweight) and 27?kg/m² (obese).

Results: The prevalence of combined overweight and obesity was 49.1% for boys and 30.8% for girls aged 8–15-years. Almost one-in-five boys were obese, compared with 8.4% of girls. In boys the prevalence of overweight appeared to increase from age 10 years.

Conclusion: The high prevalence of combined overweight and obesity among urban Chinese youth, especially among boys, requires immediate health promotion intervention.     

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in a U.S. pediatric surgical population

OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of overweight and obesity in a pediatric surgical population from a large teaching hospital in the United States. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: We carried out a retrospective review of the perioperative database for the period January 2000 to December 2004 at the University of Michigan. Using directly measured height and weight, we computed body mass index (BMI) on 6,017 children. Overweight and obesity were defined using age- and gender-specific cut-off according to the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2000) growth charts. We also examined the type of surgical procedures most commonly performed on overweight and obese children, and the distribution of overweight and obese patients by preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) classification. RESULTS: We found a somewhat "heavy" pediatric population with a mean BMI of 21.6kg/m(2). The mean BMI in males was 21.7 kg/m(2) and 21.6 kg/m(2) in females. BMI showed a positive correlation with age overall (r=0.48, p < 0.01), and in both males and females. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity using age-specific criteria was 14.4% and 17.2%, respectively. Approximately 10% of the children met adult criterion for obesity (BMI > or =30 kg/m(2)). Orthopedic and otolaryngological procedures were the most common surgeries in this cohort of overweight and obese children. We further found that 35.3% of obese and 20.6% of morbidly obese children were classified as ASA I. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is high in this pediatric surgical population. Follow-up studies examining the impact of overweight and obesity on perioperative outcome are needed.     

Weight status of indigenous youth in Oaxaca,southern Mexico: concordance of IOTF and WHO criteria

Abstract

Purpose: To compare the prevalence of thinness, overweight and obesity with IOTF and WHO criteria among indigenous school youth from the state of Oaxaca, southern Mexico.

Methods: The sample included 11?454 indigenous youth (6216 boys, 5238 girls) 6–14 years of age. Heights and weights were measured in 2007 by trained staff. BMIs were calculated and classified as severely thin, moderately thin, normal, overweight or obese using age- and sex-specific IOTF and WHO cut-offs. Prevalence, percentage agreement between classifications, Spearman rank order correlations and Kappa coefficients were calculated.

Results: Prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher with WHO than IOTF criteria, while prevalence of severe and moderate thinness did not appreciably differ between criteria. Weight status with the two criteria was discordant in 839 boys (13.5%) and 383 girls (7.3%) and more often for overweight and obesity than thinness. Percentage agreement, correlations and Kappa coefficients were moderate-to-high and were higher in girls than boys.

Conclusion: Prevalence of overweight and obesity among indigenous youth in Oaxaca was higher with WHO than IOTF criteria, whereas prevalence of severe and moderate thinness was similar. Differences in estimates for overweight and obesity have implications for surveillance.     

Prevalence of overweight and obesity in a Portuguese sample of adults: results from the Azorean Physical Activity and Health Study.

The sample of this study comprised 9,991 adults who participated in the Azorean Physical Activity and Health Study, Portugal. Body mass index was calculated from self-reported weight and height and used as a depended variable. Physical activity was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short version, participants were classified in three categories according to their METs min/week values: low physical activity level, moderate physical activity level, and health-enhancing physical activity. Smoking status, alcohol consumption, and socio-economic status were also collected. Results showed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 33.5 and 18.8% in women, and 45.8 and 16% in men, respectively. The prevalence of health-enhancing physical activity individuals was 23.6% for women and 43.8% for men. Logistic regression analysis showed that age was a predictor of overweight and obesity, in both genders. Smoking status was negatively associated with overweight and obesity, in both genders. Men with low physical activity level and higher sitting time (>or=3 h/day) were more likely to be obese. Low socio-economic status and alcohol consumption were found to be predictors for overweight and obesity for women. In summary, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Azorean adults is high. Targeted programs aimed to lower the prevalence of overweight and obesity, among the Azoreans, should focus on elderly, on women with low socio-economic status, and on men aged 26-40 years, due to the higher prevalence of overweight and obesity and low levels of physical activity observed in these groups.