肥厚型心肌病患者的心电图特点分析

目的探讨肥厚型心肌病(HCM)患者的心电图特点。方法 36例已确诊的HCM患者,按肥厚部位分为室间隔肥厚21例,游离壁肥厚3例,心尖部肥厚6例,全心弥漫性肥厚6例,分析其心电图特点。结果 ST-T改变最多34例(94.4%),ST段下移的程度在4型间差异无统计学意义(P0.05),T波倒置振幅超过0.5 mV者26例(72.2%),T波倒置在心尖肥厚组多于间隔肥厚组(P0.05)。异常Q波13例(36.1%),病理性Q波多出现在室间隔肥厚型患者中,间隔肥厚为主患者中,11例(52.4%)存在病理性Q波,心尖肥厚、单纯游离壁肥厚组均仅1例心电图存在病理性Q波。结论 HCM患者的心电图表现呈多样性,特异性不高,但敏感性较高。ST段改变、T波倒置、异常Q波是肥厚型心肌病患者的主要心电图表现。     

肥厚型心肌病的超声心动图及心电图分析

目的观察肥厚型心肌病的心电图和超声心动图特点。方法对临床确诊的32例肥厚型心肌病患者心电图、超声心动图资料进行回顾性分析。结果所有患者心电图均有异常,以ST-T改变、左室高电压和异常Q波为多见。Q波深度与室间隔厚度、ST压低深度与心尖部室壁厚度均呈正相关,而T波深度与心尖部室壁厚度无相关性,但与心尖部和室间隔的室壁厚度差呈正相关,左房大小与平均室壁厚度呈正相关。结论在肥厚型心肌病中,心电图和超声心动图中的许多异常指标具有相关性,两者结合可提高本病诊断率。     

肥厚型心肌病患者心电图分析

目的探讨肥厚型心肌病住院患者的心电图特点。方法对1994年5月～2005年7月北京大学人民医院和北京世纪坛医院收治的经超声心动图诊断为肥厚型心肌病的住院患者76例,分析其心电图特点。结果按肥厚的部位分为单纯室间隔肥厚或室间隔肥厚为主组(46例)、单纯心尖肥厚组(14例)、单纯游离壁肥厚组(6例)和弥漫性肥厚组(10例)。间隔肥厚为主组患者中,23例(50.0%)存在病理性Q波,其中间隔厚度超过2.0cm者10例(42.5%);而在另23例无病理性Q波患者,间隔厚度超过2.0cm者仅5例(21.7%)。心尖肥厚组和单纯游离壁肥厚组均仅1例心电图存在病理性Q波。QRS波群宽度在各组无显著性差异(p>0.05)。76例患者中,心电图符合左室肥厚(SV1 RV5≥4.0mV)诊断标准的23例(30.3%),符合RV4>RV5>RV6(或RV3>RV4>RV5)者34例(44.7%),ST-T改变共71例(93.4%),ST段下移超过0.1mV者53例(69.7%),T波深倒置振幅超过0.5mV者30例(39.5%)。T波深倒置在心尖肥厚组多于间隔肥厚组(P=0.02),但T波倒置深度与心尖肥厚程度无明显相关(p=0.40)。间隔肥厚为主组中梗阻型和非梗阻型各项心电图指标无显著性差异(p>0.05)。结论病理性Q波多出现在室间隔肥厚为主型患者,T波深倒置在心尖肥厚组多于间隔肥厚组,但T波倒置深度与心尖肥厚程度无明显相关。     

心尖部肥厚型心肌病ST-T的变化

目的　探讨心尖部肥厚型心肌病的心电图ST T演变规律。方法　随访一个心尖部肥厚型心肌病家族 ,观察 4例患者的心电图ST- T变化情况。结果　随访 4～ 12年。例 1、例 3在半年内心电图由正常或ST-T轻度改变演变为ST段明显下移 ,T波深倒置。例 2在 2d内由ST- T轻度改变进展为ST段明显下移 ,T波深倒置。例 4ST -T轻度改变 4年无进展。结论　心尖部肥厚型心肌病在病程进展中 ,心电图可在短期内演变成ST段明显下移 ,T波深倒置的典型特征。     

以异常Q波为表现的心尖肥厚型心肌病

心尖肥厚型心肌病是心肌病的一种特殊类型,属于非梗阻型心肌病,心电图的典型改变是巨大倒置的T波和胸导联QRS波高电压。现遇2例以病理性Q波为主,而超声心动图确诊为心尖肥厚型心肌病,报告如下。 例1,患者男27岁,工人,因尿路结石在外科就诊,无胸闷心悸、浮肿史。查体:BP16/10kPa呼吸平稳,无发绀,颈     

肥厚型心肌病演变至扩张期及并发冠心病二尖瓣脱垂一例心电图随访36年

患者男性,78岁。在42岁(36年前)心电图即有左室高电压,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联异常Q波。52岁确诊肥厚型心肌病。59岁心电图Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF导联Q波消失,至72岁下壁导联、胸导联ST-T变化较大,可能与肥厚型心肌病演变至扩张期,心肌肥大状况演变有关,并有心肌缺血的因素。随患者进入老年,并发糖尿病、高血脂;V_5导联QRS呈碎裂波、电压明显降低,又并发二尖瓣前叶脱垂、部分腱索断裂,提示了相应心肌、腱索的缺血,冠状动脉造影证实了冠心病的诊断,最后手术治疗取得了良好效果。     

心尖肥厚型心肌病病人MRI表现及心电图特点分析

目的研究心尖肥厚型心肌病MRI表现和心电图的特点,探讨MRI在心肌肥厚型心肌病中的诊断价值。方法对临床确诊的26例心尖肥厚型心肌病病人MRI表现、心电图资料进行回顾分析。结果 26例病人心脏MRI均提示心尖部心肌肥厚,TAHCM14例,P-AHCM12例,8例T-AHCM舒张期左室表现为典型的"黑桃心"征象。26例病人行心肌首过灌注及延迟强化MRI扫描,11例延迟增强显示心尖部肥厚心肌内不规则增强高信号。26例病人心电图均存在ST-T改变:其中26例左胸导联产生的对称倒置的T波,11例表现为巨大T波倒置(42.3%);16例表现胸前导联R波振幅增高(61.5%);17例出现ST段下移(65.4%);T波倒置深度与心尖部室壁厚度无相关性,但T-AHCM、P-AHCM两组11例延迟强化阳性病例,均表现为巨大T波倒置,两组肥厚心肌的延迟增强阳性率无统计学意义。结论在心尖肥厚型心肌病中,MRI可以准确诊断,延迟强化能够解释心电图中巨大倒置T波原因。     

12例心尖肥厚型心肌病的心电图分析

随着超声心动图的普及和发展,心尖肥厚型心肌病的检出日见增多。心尖肥厚型心肌病的心电图有一定特征性。本文就12例心尖肥厚型心肌病的心电图改变进行分析讨论,为临床诊断提供依据。 1 资料与方法 12例心尖肥厚型心肌病均经超声心动图证实,其诊断标准为:心尖部心肌厚度大于11mm,心尖部心肌与室间隔、室壁厚度之比大于1.3。1例胸痛较突出者,曾在上级医院作冠状动脉造影无异常发现,心室造影     

肥厚型心肌病患者的心电图改变

肥厚型心肌病的病理改变主要以心室肌肥厚为特征,并且还会影响到左心室以及室间隔,很多是非对称性左室肥厚。该病的心电图异常率和患者有无症状、室间隔肥厚程度密切相关。而ST-T异常是肥厚型心肌病较常见的心电图表现之一。本文主要对肥厚型心肌病,尤其是心尖肥厚型心肌病的心电图改变现象进行综述。     

17例肥厚型心肌病病人心电I图特点分析

目的提高对肥厚型心肌病的诊断识别.方法对1996年～2000年确诊为肥厚型心肌病17例病人的临床资料进行分析.结果全部病人心电图均有T波异常,9例心尖肥厚型心肌病病人表现为I、aVL、V2～6导联T波倒置,V1～3导联R波幅度明显增加,其中2例伴完全右束支传导阻滞者亦有左胸导联T波明显倒置;5例普遍肥厚型心肌病病人表现为T波倒置导联较心尖肥厚型心肌病病人范围小(V3～6导联伴或不伴I、aVL导联轻度倒置),V1～3导联R波幅度增加不如心尖肥厚型心肌病病人明显;2例间隔肥厚梗阻型心肌病病人有V1～3导联ST段抬高,T波直立,V1～3导联R波不增加与前两型不同;1例间隔肥厚型心肌病伴完全右束支传导阻滞者表现为V1导联呈qR形态,与心尖肥厚型心肌病伴完全右束支传导阻滞者的rsR'亦不相同.结论重视临床和心电图变化采取进一步的检查措施可以最大限度的减少该病的误诊.     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.