A review of complex trauma to the elbow.

This paper presents a review of common complex elbow traumatic disorders. It presents an algorithm to aid in the management of these cases and discusses indications for radial head replacement and dynamic external fixateurs.     

A case report on the remodelling technique for the earlobe using a soft splint.

Correcting earlobe deformities often presents an aesthetic challenge to the surgeon. The described technique presents a simple, accurate and cost effective method of remodelling soft tissue defects of the earlobe using a soft splint.     

Some medicolegal aspects of Dupuytren's contracture.

This article presents the medical and legal aspects of Dupuytren's contracture. It also presents a rational basis for the assessment of the relationship, if any, between a patient's occupation and the development of Dupuytren's contracture.     

Chronic osteomyelitis of ilium presenting as an expansile mutiloculated lytic lesion – A case report

Chronic iliac osteomyelitis classically presents radiologically as an ill defined radiolucent lesion with moth eaten appearance along with periosteal reaction and sequestrum formation. Our case report presents a rare radiological picture of iliac bone osteomyelitis in the form of an expansile mutiloculated lytic lesion.     

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor mimicking carotid body tumor--case report and review

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor is a rare neurogenic tumor that usually presents in geriatic patients. Typically, it is found in the trunk and extremities and rarely presents in the head and neck region. It may mimic a carotid body tumor when it presents in the neck. We report the first case of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of the vagus nerve in an adolescent boy. He presented with an asymptomatic lateral neck lump that was thought to be a benign schwannoma on preoperative imaging. We describe the diagnostic dilemma and management difficulties in this patient and review the literature.     

An incidental finding of chondroid lipoma at total hip arthroplasty

Chondroid lipoma is a rare benign lipomatous soft tissue tumor which presents as a painless lump. This case report presents the incidental finding of such a tumor at total hip replacement and briefly reviews the literature regarding the histopathological features of this recently described neoplasm.     

Immunologic aspects of bone transplantation. A rationale for future studies

This article presents the hypothesis that bone, like other soft tissue, is rejected in an immunologic fashion. However, because bone is mineralized, it presents unique aspects that are also dealt with by the immune system. The article goes on to review the immunologic considerations of bone allograft reactivity.     

Ergonomics applied to the practice of microsurgery.

Microsurgery presents special problems of visual information and fine manipulation, including tremor control. These problems can be studied usefully through ergonomics, the science of man at work, already used widely in industry. This paper presents factors affecting visual feedback, normal hand tremor, and instrument design, and refers to the process of skill acquisition and the care of surgical instruments.     

ERGONOMICS APPLIED TO THE PRACTICE OF MICROSURGERY1

Microsurgery presents special problems of visual information and fine manipulation, including tremor control. These problems can be studied usefully through ergonomics, the science of man at work, already used widely in industry. This paper presents factors affecting visual feedback, normal hand tremor, and instrument design, and refers to the process of skill acquisition and the care of surgical instruments.     

Upper body lift

An upper body lift is needed whenever a massive weight loss patient presents with a "dropped out" lateral inframammary crease. It is a combination of a brachioplasty, upper-back resection, and breast reconstruction. The operation is designed to reverse the particular deformity a patient presents with. This article describes three patterns of resection, one for males and two for females.     

Arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament repair

This article presents a classic case of posterior cruciate ligament disruption, as an isolated entity, with avulsion of the cruciate from the tibia origin. The treatment is an arthroscopic technique for reimplantation of the posterior cruciate ligament, using the Instrument Maker staple for fixation to facilitate proper reduction of the posterior cruciate, and presents a follow-up with excellent range of motion and stability of the knee.     

Deckung parodontaler Rezessionen

Coverage of exposed root surfaces is one of the most common treatments in plastic and mucogingival periodontal surgery. This article presents a review about established procedures for coverage of recessions. Furthermore, factors will be discussed that mainly influence the success of the root coverage and which should be considered in presurgical treatment planning. An scheme presents differential indications of the most important techniques depending on clinical parameters.     

Fat-suction of the submental and submandibular regions

The author presents a clinical classification of fat-suction cases in which treatment of excessive adiposity of the face and neck is discussed. Selection of the patient is a very important preoperative procedure. Fat suction is performed only on the adipose tissue lying between the skin and the platysma muscle and is not indicated for fat lying below the muscle structures. The author presents several improvements on the Illouz technique in comparison with more conventional lipectomy surgical procedures.     

Esophageal carcinosarcoma

Carcinosarcoma is an uncommon malignancy of the esophagus that presents as a bulky intraluminal polypoid lesion of the esophagus. Histologically, both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components are seen. Because of accelerated intraluminal growth, esophageal carcinosarcoma often presents relatively early. This report describes a 64-year-old man with carcinosarcoma who was successfully treated with an esophagectomy. As in typical squamous cell carcinoma, early detection and treatment by surgical resection are needed to produce significant long-term survival.     

Treatment of mesangial immunoglobulin A glomerulonephritis

Mesangial immunoglobulin A glomerulonephritis does not progress unless microscopic hematuria presents at levels over 100,000/mL, proteinuria presents at levels over 0.5 g in 24 hours, or hypertension is inadequately controlled. Hypertension, microscopic hematuria, and proteinuria all can be controlled; the evidence for control of these three risk factors is reviewed. The evidence for prevention of progression in mesangial immunoglobulin A glomerulonephritis is also reviewed.     

Dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica

A new case of dysplasia epiphysealis hemimelica is reported. It is the third case reported in Spain and presents involvement of almost all the epiphyses of the left side of the body. The involvement of the left hip following surgery is hard to explain. The patient also presents lengthening of the left lower limb. Following a review of the world literature, it seems that this case demonstrates the greatest epiphyseal involvement to date.     

Anatomy of the flexor retinaculum of the wrist and the flexor carpi radialis tunnel

The flexor retinaculum forms a retinacular bridge over the carpal tunnel extending from ulnar to radial direction. Its main function is to protect the contained without a significant mechanical action in supporting the transverse carpal arch. The osteofibrous tunnel of flexor carpi radialis is independent and presents four sections. The palmaris longus tendon presents a distal insertion forming the superficial layer of the aponeurosis palmaris. The flexor carpi ulnaris tendon has four distal insertions.     

Intraventricular neurocytoma, a recently recognized pathological entity: report of two cases and review of the literature.

Neurocytoma has only recently been recognized as a distinct pathological entity. Previously a rare tumor, it is now being recognized with increasing frequency. It typically presents in an intraventricular location in young adults. Many neurocytomas were originally diagnosed by light microscopy as oligodendrogliomas. More recently they have been shown to have ultrastructural and immunohistochemical features of neuronal differentiation. This paper presents two cases of intraventricular neurocytomas and reviews the recent literature.     

Trans-carpal injuries associated with distal radial fractures in children: a series of three cases.

Isolated trans-carpal injuries in children are rare. This paper presents three cases of trans-carpal injury associated with an ipsilateral distal radial fracture. Two cases involved simultaneous fractures of the scaphoid and the capitate. The third case involved the scaphoid and the triquetrum. The full extent of these injuries was not recognized on the initial X-rays. If a child presents with a displaced fracture of one carpal bone it may not be an isolated injury.