缺血预适应对PTCA术中心肌的保护作用

将150例行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术（PTCA）的冠心病（CAD）患者随机分为对照组（120例）及观察组（30例）。对照组行常规PTCA；观察组PTCA中设置缺血预适应（IP）方式。分别测定两组术前及术后6、12、24、48、72h血清心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ（cTnI）及肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）水平，随访心脏事件发生情况。结果对照组及观察组术后cTnI升高者分别为29例（24．2％）、2例（67％），P〈0．05；CK-MB升高者分别为7例（5．8％）、1例（3．3％），P〉0．05；心脏事件发生率分别为24．8%和18．5％，P〈0．05。证明IP对PTCA术造成的心肌损伤有保护作用；检测cTnI诊断心肌损伤比CK-MB更敏感，特异性更高。     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术后血清肌钙蛋白Ⅰ变化对预后意义

目的　通过动态测定行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)患者的血清肌钙蛋白Ⅰ (cTnI)及肌酸激酶同功酶CK MB的变化 ,并随访观察心脏事件的发生率 ,以评价cTnI对预后的判断价值。方法　对 73例行PTCA术的冠心病患者 ,分别测定其术前 ,术后 6 ,12 ,2 4,48,72h的血清cTnI及CK MB水平 ,进行分组比较 ,其中 6 2例患者进行随访观察。结果　 2 0例患者术前cTnI正常 ,术后 6h升高 ,平均 (18± 6 )h达峰值 ,48～ 72h渐降至正常 ;33例术前和术后cTnI均正常 ;16例术前术后cTnI均高于正常值。仅 5例CK MB增高。cTnI升高与PTCA总时间及扩张次数有关。随访 (196± 10 0 )d ,发现心脏事件在cTnI增高组与未升高组之间差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。结论　PTCA术可能会造成心肌微小损伤 ,cTnI为监测心肌损伤的可靠而灵敏指标。PTCA术后cTnI短暂升高似乎并不增加心脏事件的发生率。     

心肌缺血预适应对急性心肌梗死临床和近期预后价值的探讨

目的观察心肌缺血预适应对急性心肌梗死病人心肌损伤程度、恶性心律失常的发生和近期预后的影响。方法选择286例急性心肌梗死病人，分为缺血预适应组（IP组）158例，无缺血预适应组（NIP组）132例。均于入院后及入院24h内多次测定心肌肌酸激酶（CK）、肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶（CK－MB）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）及肌钙蛋白I（cTnI），取其峰值；比较两组恶性心律失常及心血管事件的发生率。结果1P组cK、cK－MB、LDH、cTnI峰值浓度显著低于NIP组（P〈0．01）。IP组病人心功能不全、心衰、梗死后心绞痛、恶性心律失常的发生率明显低于NIP组（P％0．01）。结论缺血预适应可减少其后发生急性心肌梗死病人心肌损伤面积，减少恶性心律失常及近期心脏事件的发生。     

心肌肌钙蛋白I与冠心病远期心脏事件的关系探讨

目的　探讨冠心病患者血清心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)水平与远期心脏事件的相关性。方法　测定 16 6例冠心病患者的血清cTnI、肌酸激酶同工酶 ,根据cTnI的值分为二组 ,根据临床资料、冠状动脉造影结果 ,随访患者远期心脏事件 ,分析cTnI与心脏事件的相关因素及它们的关系。结果　 16 6例患者中有 5 8例cTnI升高 ,4例肌酸激酶同工酶轻度升高 ,cTnI升高与心电图出现异常Q波、ST段改变关系有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 ) ;cTnI升高组糖尿病患者数明显低于cTnI正常组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;15 9例近期存活者中 15 1例进行了远期随访 ,随访时间为 (2 6± 10 )个月 ,共有 2 7例患者发生心脏事件32例次 ,其发生与cTnI升高关系有统计学意义 (P <0 0 5 )。结论　血清cTnI是心肌损伤敏感而特异性的指标 ,是冠心病患者远期心脏事件的独立预测因子。     

经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术和支架术后心肌微损伤对近期临床预后的影响

目的 :通过观察血清肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)和肌酸激酶 同工酶 (CK MB)的变化 ,了解经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)和支架术后心肌微损伤情况及其对近期预后的影响。方法 :选择 83例经造影证实为单支血管病变的稳定型心绞痛行PTCA和支架术后无严重并发症者。测定术前 ,术后 6、12、2 4及 4 8h血清cTnI、CK MB的水平 ,并随访观察术后 4～ 5周内心血管事件的发生情况 ,以及通过超声心动图检查术前和术后随访期间左室射血分数的变化。结果 :术后 2 3例出现cTnI或 (和 )CK MB阳性者 ,其中支架组 2 1例 ,球囊组 2例。cTnI阳性检出率 (2 4 .1% )明显高于CK MB阳性检出率 (6 .0 % ) (P <0 .0 1)。cTnI和 (或 )CK MB阳性 (损伤组 )术中球囊扩张的总时间、单次扩张最长时间以及分支血管阻塞的发生率均明显高于cTnI和 (或 )CK MB阴性 (未损伤组 ) (分别为P <0 .0 5、P <0 .0 1、P <0 .0 1) ,而球囊扩张次数和扩张的最大压力两组相比无明显差别 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,随访术后近期心血管事件的发生率和左室功能的变化两组无明显差异。结论 :PTCA及支架术后心肌微损伤并不少见 ,尤以支架术后发生率高。这种微损伤对近期预后的影响不大。检测这种微损伤的指标以cTnI明显优于CK MB。     

99mTc-MIBI运动-静息心肌灌注显像对经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术术后患者的预后估价

目的　本研究旨在评估运动 静息心肌灌注显像对冠状动脉腔内成形术 (PTCA)后患者预后的预测价值。方法　对 16 0例PTCA术后行99mTc 甲氧异丁基异腈 (MIBI)运动 静息心肌灌注显像的患者 ,随访 (36± 2 8)个月。结果　随访期间 ,34例 (2 1.3% )患者发生心脏事件 ,其中心肌显像提示的心肌缺血组 (n =4 3)心脏事件发生率为 6 2 .8% ,明显高于心肌梗死组 (n =32 ,12 .5 % ,χ2 =19.3,P <0 .0 0 0 1) ,而且也明显高于心肌显像正常组(n =85 ,3.5 % ,χ2 =5 7.4 4 ,P <0 .0 0 0 1)。心肌缺血组的无心脏事件生存率在 1年 ,3年 ,5年和 10年分别为 5 6 % ,32 % ,2 6 %和 2 6 % ,而正常组在相同时间内的无心脏事件生存率为 99% ,97% ,94 %和 94 %。多元线性分析显示 ,可逆性心肌灌注缺损节段是预测PTCA术后发生心脏事件的最重要的独立危险因子 (RR =5 .13,P <0 .0 0 0 1)。结论　99mTc MIBI运动 静息心肌灌注显像对PTCA术后患者的预后有重要的预测价值     

缺血预适应改善急性心肌梗死经皮冠状动脉介入治疗的预后

目的研究梗死前心绞痛对接受PCI治疗急性心梗患者临床预后的影响。方法回顾分析122例首次发生的急性心肌梗死患者。所有患者在发病12h内进行PCI,按梗死前48h有无心绞痛分为2组,即缺血预适应组(56例)和非缺血预适应组(66例)。比较两组患者梗死相关血管PCI后血流TIMI分级、再灌注心律失常情况、心肌酶峰值浓度及出院前心脏事件发生率。结果缺血预适应组患者年龄高于非缺血预适应组(66±12比61±12,P=0.05)。非ST段抬高心肌梗死患者数量缺血预适应组明显多于非缺血预适应组,分别为30.4%和12.1%(P=0.01)。PCI后梗死相关血管无复流发生率在缺血预适应组明显低于非缺血预适应组,分别为4%和15%(P=0.03)。缺血预适应组心肌损伤标志物峰值浓度较非缺血预适应组显著降低,重度左室功能不全(LVEF40%)发生率在缺血预适应组明显低于非缺血预适应组,分别为4%和15%(P=0.03)。结论缺血预适应组急性心梗患者PCI术后心肌酶峰值明显降低,以及梗死相关血管无复流发生率和重度左室功能不全患者比例明显降低,表明缺血预适应对急性心梗患者心脏具有保护作用,改善预后。     

心肌灌注显像对经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术后的远期预后价值

目的　评估99mTc MIBI运动 静息心肌灌注显像对经皮冠状动脉腔内成形 (PTCA)术后患者的远期预后价值。方法　对 181例接受PTCA术或PTCA +支架术后行99mTc MIBI运动 静息心肌灌注显像的患者 ,随访 ( 36± 30 )个月。结果　根据心肌显像结果将患者分为三组 :心肌显像正常组 (n =10 1) ;心肌梗死组 (n =39) ;心肌缺血组 (n =41)。随访期间 ,如发生急性心肌梗死和死亡为恶性心脏事件 ,再次血运重建术和不稳定性心绞痛为良性心脏事件。共 37例 ( 2 0 4 % )患者发生心脏事件 ,其中心肌缺血组心脏事件发生率为 70 7% ( 2 9 4 1) ,明显高于心肌梗死组的 12 8% ( 5 39) ( χ2 =2 7 4 3 ,P <0 0 0 1)和心肌显像正常组的 3 1% ( 3 10 1) ( χ2 =72 87,P <0 0 0 1)。心肌缺血组的恶性心脏事件发生率为 7 3% ,高于正常组的 0 % ( χ2 =4 4 3 ,P <0 0 5 )。在心肌显像后 1年、3年、5年和 10年的无心脏事件率在心肌缺血组分别为 5 0 5 % ,34 4 % ,17 2 %和 17 2 % ;在正常组分别为 98 0 % ,96 4 % ,96 4 %和 96 4 % ( χ2 =96 32 ,P <0 0 0 1)。Cox多元线性回归分析显示运动显像的总积分(SSS)是预测PTCA术后发生恶性心脏事件的惟一独立危险因子 (RR 1 12 ,95 %CI:1 0 3～ 1 2 0 ,P =0 0 0 3)。运动 静     

强化阿托伐他汀对急性冠状动脉综合征患者选择性介入治疗围手术期的影响

目的探讨负荷剂量阿托伐他汀对非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征(NSTEACS)患者PCI围手术期的影响。方法将81例NSTEACS患者随机分为负荷治疗组41例和标准治疗组40例,负荷治疗组PCI术前12 h顿服阿托伐他汀80 mg,PCI术前2 h追加阿托伐他汀40 mg。2组术前、术后8和24 h抽取肘静脉血,检测血清肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、血浆肌钙蛋白(cTnI)和高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)等。随访30 d主要不良心脏事件发生率。结果与PCI术前比较,2组PCI术后CK-MB、cTnI和hs CRP均明显升高(P0.01),但负荷治疗组CK-MB、cTnI和hs-CRP升高水平显著低于标准治疗组(P0.01)。负荷治疗组心肌损伤标记物升高发生率较标准治疗组显著降低(7.3%vs 32.5%,P=0.003;24.4%vs 47.5%,P=0.030)。负荷治疗组主要不良心脏事件发生率较标准治疗组低(2.4% vs 22.5%,P=0.01 61),心肌梗死发生率下降(2.4%vs20.0%,P=0.0307)。结论 NSTEACS患者PCI术前应用阿托伐他汀负荷剂量,能减少PCI术对患者造成的心肌损伤及炎性反应,还可降低PCI术后不良心脏事件的发生,而且安全有效。     

远程缺血预处理对ACS患者PCI后心肌再灌注损伤和炎症反应的影响研究

目的探讨远程缺血预处理(RIPC)对急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者行经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)后心肌损伤、血管内皮损伤、血管炎症反应以及近期预后的影响。方法选择2017年7月至2019年1月于河南大学第一附属医院心内科接受择期PCI的130例ACS患者为研究对象,随机分为对照组(n=64)和RIPC组(n=66)。RIPC组患者在PCI前2 h接受5 min加压(200 mmHg)缺血/5 min再灌注,共5个循环;对照组在PCI前不做此缺血预适应。比较两组患者PCI前12 h、PCI后12 h、24 h血清肌酸激酶同工酶MB(CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)、血管性血友病因子(vWF)、可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)、可溶性血管细胞黏附分子-1(sVCAM-1)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、髓过氧化物酶(MPO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的差异。随访6个月,记录主要不良心血管事件(MACEs)的发生情况。结果 PCI前12 h,两组患者血清CK-MB、cTnI、vWF、sICAM-1、sVCAM-1、hs-CRP、MPO、SOD水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。PCI后12 h和24 h,对照组和RIPC组患者血清CK-MB、cTnI、vWF、sICAM-1、sVCAM-1、hs-CRP、MPO均较术前12 h升高,同时SOD水平较术前降低(P0.05)。但是PCI术后12 h和24 h时,RIPC组患者血清CK-MB、cTnI、vWF、sICAM-1、sVCAM-1、hs-CRP、MPO水平均低于对照组,同时SOD水平高于对照组(P0.05)。随访6个月后,两组患者主要心血管事件发生率相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 ACS患者行择期PCI前2 h进行RIPC可有效地降低PCI造成的心肌再灌注损伤、内皮损伤以及炎症反应,属于一类简单易行且安全可靠的心肌保护措施。     

经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术前后血清肌钙蛋白I的变化

目的：通过动态观察血清心肌肌钙蛋白Ｉ（ｃＴｎＩ）及肌酸激酶ＭＢ同工酶（ＣＫ－ＭＢ）的变化,以评价经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术对心肌的可能影响。方法：对５９例行经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术的冠心病患者,分别测定其术前,术后６、１２、２４、４８和７２小时的血清ｃＴｎＩ及ＣＫ－ＭＢ水平,并进行分组比较。结果：１８例患者术前血清ｃＴｎＩ正常,术后６小时升高,１２～２４小时达峰值,４８～７２小时渐降至正常;３１例患者术前、术后血清ｃＴｎＩ均正常;１０例患者术前、术后血清ｃＴｎＩ均高于正常值。全部病例中仅３例患者ＣＫ－ＭＢ增高。血清ｃＴｎＩ升高与球囊扩张总时间及扩张次数有关。结论：经皮冠状动脉腔内成形术可能会造成心肌微小损伤,ｃＴｎＩ为监测心肌损伤的可靠而灵敏指标。     

PTCA支架术后血清肌钙蛋白I的变化及其相关因素

目的 :观察经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术 （PTCA）和支架术后血清肌钙蛋白 I（c Tn I）和磷酸肌酸激酶 （CK）的变化并分析相关因素。方法 :分别测定不同临床类型冠心病患者 85例 PTCA支架术前及术后 2 4 h的 c Tn I和 CK水平 ,并分组比较。结果 :稳定型心绞痛 16例 ,不稳定型心绞痛 4 1例 ,陈旧性心肌梗死 2 8例 PTCA支架术后 ,c Tn I水平均较术前升高 （P<0 .0 1） ;而 CK手术前后无明显变化 （P>0 .0 5 ）。 c Tn I升高组的扩张时间、扩张压、扩张次数、支架术、手术血管严重狭窄 （≥ 95 % ）的比例高于未升高组 （P<0 .0 1） ;不稳定型心绞痛组与陈旧性心肌梗死组术后c Tn I升高的比例高于稳定型心绞痛组 （P<0 .0 1）。结论 :PTCA支架术可造成心肌的轻度损伤。c Tn I升高可能与扩张的时间、压力、次数、置入支架数量、原来血管狭窄程度、临床类型有关     

缺血预处理在冠状动脉搭桥术中对心肌的保护作用

目的 :探讨缺血预处理 (Ischaemicpreconditioning ,IPC)在冠状动脉搭桥 (Coronaryarterydis ease ,CAD)手术中是否能有效的降低心肌细胞的损伤达到良好的心肌保护作用。方法 :将 2 4例均为三支病变、稳定心绞痛、首次进行搭桥患者随机分成 2组 :缺血预处理组 (I组 ) ;对照组 (C组 ) ;I组是于冷血停跳液诱导心脏停跳前给予心肌 2个循环的缺血 (2min)和再灌注 (3min) ;C组在应用冷血停跳液诱导心脏停跳前给予心脏并行辅助循环 10min ,术中每间隔 30min灌注一次心肌停搏液。在观察临床结果的同时 ,并于麻醉诱导后、术毕、术后 8～ 12h、2 4h、72h和 6d分别抽取静脉血测定血浆中肌酸激酶(CK MBmass)、肌钙蛋白I(TnI)的水平。结果 :在 2组中的术前及术后的临床指标没有明显差异。 1 I组的自动复跳率 (10 0 % )明显高于C组 (5 8% ) (P <0 0 5 ) ;2 cTNI和CK Mbmass的水平从术后 6h开始升高(P <0 0 5 ) ,在 2 4～ 72h达到峰值 ,在术后第 6d基本恢复。与C组比较I组在术后 6h、2 4h和 72h的血浆cTNI和CK Mbmass的水平明显降低 (P <0 0 1)。结论 :缺血预处理在心脏外科中的应用是安全的 ;同时通过监测肌钙蛋白I的释放 ,多次短时间的缺血预处理在低危冠状动脉搭桥患者中较常规方法更有利于缺血心肌的心肌保护?     

Large, sustained cardiac lipid peroxidation and reduced antioxidant capacity in the coronary circulation after brief episodes of myocardial ischemia

OBJECTIVES: We sought to investigate whether a brief episode of myocardial ischemia produces a detectable cardiac oxidative stress in patients undergoing elective coronary angioplasty (PTCA). BACKGROUND: Although cardiac oxidative stress has been clearly demonstrated in experimental models of ischemia-reperfusion, its presence in patients after transient myocardial ischemia is still unclear. METHODS: In order to evaluate oxidative stress in ischemic cardiac regions, plasma conjugated dienes (CD), lipid hydroperoxides (ROOHs) and total antioxidant capacity (TRAP), independent indexes of oxidative stress, were measured in the aorta and great cardiac vein (GCV) before (t0), 1, (t1), 5 (t5) and 15 min (t15) after first balloon inflation in 15 patients undergoing PTCA on left anterior descending coronary artery (Group 1); six patients with right coronary artery stenosis (Group 2), which is not drained by the GCV, were studied as controls. RESULTS: In Group 1 at baseline, CD and ROOHs levels were higher in GCV than in aorta (p < 0.01 for both), and TRAP levels were lower (p < 0.01). Aortic levels of CD, ROOHs and TRAP did not change at any time after to; venous levels of CD and ROOHs levels markedly increased at t1, at t5 and remained elevated at t15 (p < 0.01 for all comparisons vs. to); venous levels of TRAP decreased at t1 and t5 (p < 0.01 vs. t0) and returned to normal at t15. In Group 2, CD, ROOHs and TRAP levels were similar in the aorta and GCV and did not change throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS: Short episodes of myocardial ischemia during PTCA induce a sustained oxidative stress, which is detectable in the venous effluent of reperfused myocardium.     

Evaluation of the prognostic value of cardiac troponin i in patients with unstable angina]

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in-hospital and follow-up prognostic value of cardiac troponin I in patients admitted in the Coronary Care Unit and discharged with the diagnosis of unstable angina. POPULATION AND METHODS: 118 patients were admitted in the Coronary Care Unit, discharged with the diagnosis of unstable angina with a follow-up of 13.5 months. Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) was measured on admission, 4 and 12 hours later. For the purposes of the study, we chose a cut-off value of 0.4 ng/mL as the minimal acceptable concentration of cTnI. The patients were divided in two groups: Group A (n = 82) if all measurements with cTnI < or = 0.4 ng/mL and Group B (n = 36) if any measurement with cTnI > 0.4 ng/mL. In both groups, multiple coronary events during hospitalisation and follow-up were evaluated: death; acute myocardial infarction; angina; hospitalisation; coronary surgery or angioplasty; and also the severity of coronary artery disease and the number of patients without coronary events. The results were compared by the Student's unpaired t-test and by chi-square test. RESULTS: Age, sex and vascular risk factors were similar in both groups. There was a statistically significant increase in angina and coronary surgery with increasing levels of cardiac troponin I (Group B) (13 vs 5, p < 0.0001), multiple vessel disease (16 vs 18, p < 0.0008) and myocardial infarction (12% vs 0%, p < 0.03). Sixty patients had no coronary events in Group A compared to thirteen in Group B (p < 0.0001). There were no significant differences between the groups with respect to hospitalisation and angioplasty (17% in Group B vs 7% in Group A) and death (3% vs 0%). CONCLUSIONS: In this population with unstable angina, cardiac troponin I level greater than 0.4 ng/mL measured in the 12 hours after admission provides useful prognostic information. It permits the early identification of patients with an increased risk of in-hospital and follow-up cardiac events and could be correlated with the severity of coronary artery disease.     

Coronary angioplasty in postinfarct angina]

BACKGROUND. The recurrence of transient myocardial ischemia is a frequent event in the course of acute myocardial infarction. Postinfarction angina develops more frequently after a non-Q wave infarction, and after effective thrombolysis; when uncontrolled by standard medical treatment, it is associated with an increased incidence of unfavorable cardiac events. Therapeutic strategies involve aggressive medical therapy, frequent use of early angiography, and mechanical coronary revascularization with bypass surgery or transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). PATIENTS. We retrospectively examined 68 consecutive patients treated with PTCA for postinfarction angina. Of the whole, 36 (53%) had sustained a non-Q wave infarction; 29 (43%) had been treated with thrombolysis in the acute phase. Ischemia was in the infarction zone in 94% of cases; mean EF was 61.5 +/- 12%, and in 18 cases EF was < 55%. RESULTS. In 7 cases two arteries were dilated. There were no deaths related to the procedure. The overall success rate was 91.2%. Major complications occurred in 2 cases (1 acute occlusion with reinfarction, 1 major dissection requiring emergency surgery). The results are analyzed according to the time interval between index infarction and PTCA. In 28 cases (Group A) PTCA was performed within 30 days due to medically refractory symptomatology; in 40 cases (Group B) PTCA was postponed to beyond 30 days from infarction. In Group A involvement of the left anterior descending coronary artery was more frequent (75% of cases vs 40%; p = 0.009). The success rate in Group A was slightly lower than for Group B (85.7% vs 95%); the incidence of complications was higher (7.1% vs 0%), although not statistically different. At 6 month follow-up a restenosis was found in 10 cases (16% of successful PTCAs, 21% of angiographic controls). CONCLUSIONS. We conclude that for patients with postinfarction angina, selected for a suitable coronary anatomy, PTCA is an effective therapeutic option, with a high success rate, low immediate morbidity, and good mid-term results. The risk of intraprocedural complications appears only slightly higher for patients with unstable symptoms, who undergo PTCA earlier after infarction.     

The relation between preprocedural C-reactive protein levels and early and late complications in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing interventional coronary angioplasty

BACKGROUND: Inflammation is an important feature of arteriosclerotic disease, and the vulnerability of coronary plaques in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may be related to the levels of serum C-reactive proteins (CRP). While some risk factors for early and late complications have been suggested, an accurate and definitive preprocedural risk stratification of patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is still lacking. HYPOTHESIS: The study was undertaken to investigate whether early and late complications after PTCA could be predicted by evaluation of baseline serum CRP levels in patients with AMI. METHODS: Levels of serum CRP were measured in a total of 230 patients with AMI undergoing PTCA and provisional stent. They were divided into two groups: Group 1 (n = 48) with elevated CRP levels (> or = 5 mg/l) and Group 2 (n = 182) with normal CRP levels (< 5 mg/l). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in baseline clinical, angiographic, and procedural characteristics between the two groups. However, the incidence of in-hospital adverse coronary events (reinfarction, coronary reocclusion, target vessel revascularization, and death) and severe left ventricular dysfunction was significantly higher in Group 1 (18.3 vs. 6.1%, p < 0.05 and 20.9 vs. 6.1%, p < 0.05, respectively). In addition, bailout stenting was performed more frequently in Group 1 than in Group 2 (60.4 vs. 36.3%, p < 0.005). No significant late complications were noted. The serum levels of CRP were the only independent predictors of early adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Preprocedural serum CRP level might be considered a powerful predictor of early but not late complications in patients undergoing PTCA/stent procedures.     

Myocardial viability detected by dobutamine echocardiography in patients with chronic coronary artery disease, and long-term outcome after coronary angioplasty

Viable but dysfunctional myocardium detected by dobutamine echocardiography (DE) predicts early improvement in regional left ventricular (LV) function after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Whether DE can predict the long-term (>2 years) outcome after PTCA is still unclear. Thus, 50 patients (age 60.4+/-9.5 years) with chronic coronary artery disease and regional LV dysfunction who underwent DE 1 week before PTCA to assess myocardial viability were followed for 4.0+/-0.8 years. Regional LV function and LV ejection fraction (LVEF) were evaluated by 2-dimensional echocardiography in patients who remained event-free (cardiac death or myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris) after PTCA. At late follow-up (>2 years after PTCA), 29 patients showed regional LV function improvement, 15 showed no improvement, 3 showed worsening and 3 patients had cardiac events (1 nonfatal myocardial infarction and 2 unstable angina pectoris). LVEF improved (0.53+/-0.09 to 0.60+/-0.09, p<0.001) in patients with improved regional LV function, but deteriorated (0.38+/-0.03 to 0.30+/-0.03) in the 3 patients with worsened regional LV function. Of the 29 patients with improvement, 27 (93%) had viable myocardium, whereas only 3 (20%) of the 15 with no improvement had viable myocardium and all 6 of those with poor outcomes (3 with cardiac events and 3 with worsening) had viable myocardium (chi2 = 28.9, p<0.001). Patients with viable myocardium and a poor outcome had a lower mean LVEF before PTCA, and at 1 week and 3 months after PTCA (p = 0.004, <0.001, and =0.001, respectively), and a higher restenosis rate (p = 0.007) than patients with viable myocardium and without a poor outcome. It is concluded that viable myocardium detected by DE may predict long-term improvement in regional and global LV function after PTCA. However, patients with viable myocardium and persistent low LVEF are at risk for cardiac events or worsening of LV function.     

Minor myocardial injury after elective uncomplicated successful PTCA with or without stenting: detection by cardiac troponins.

Cardiac troponins are sensitive and specific markers for the detection of minor myocardial injury. However, they have been rarely used to monitor myocardial injury after coronary stenting. The purpose of the study was to measure cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) levels after elective uncomplicated successful percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) with or without coronary stenting and to compare their results with serum creatinine kinase MB isoenzyme (CKMB). CTnI and cTnT levels were compared with those of CK or CKMB in 98 consecutive patients with stable angina undergoing elective uncomplicated successful PTCA with stenting (n = 71) or without stenting (n = 27). Markers were measured before and 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr after the procedure. Peak postprocedural levels for each marker were compared and related to angiographic and procedural characteristics as well as to the occurrence of side-branch occlusion. None of the patients had abnormal markers before the procedure. Abnormal postprocedural values of one or more markers were observed in 28 patients (29%), 23 after stenting and 5 after PTCA alone. The frequencies of abnormal cTnI and cTnT levels were significantly higher than that of CKMB after coronary intervention (26% and 18% vs. 7%; P = 0.00016 and 0.015, respectively), with cTnI being the most significant. When compared with troponin-negative patients, abnormal cardiac troponin values were significantly related to total time of inflation (223 +/- 128 vs. 170 +/- 105 sec; P = 0.008) and inflation maximal pressure (12.9 +/- 2.3 vs. 12.0 +/- 2.7 atm; P = 0.04). Small side-branch occlusion was noticed in 36% of the troponin-positive patients and in 6% of the troponin-negative group (P = 0.00047). In conclusion, minor myocardial injury is not uncommon after elective uncomplicated successful PTCA with or without stenting. Cardiac troponins, especially cTnI, are more sensitive than CKMB for the detection of this minor myocardial injury. Total time of inflation and inflation maximal pressure are predictors of postprocedural elevation of cardiac troponins. Side-branch occlusion may account for some, but not all, periprocedural minor myocardial injury.