Vater壶腹及乳头癌的淋巴结转移特点及相关因素

目的 探讨Vater壶腹及乳头癌的淋巴结转移特点及相关影响因素.方法 回顾性分析152例Vater壶腹及乳头癌患者根治术后的淋巴结转移特点,分析其临床病理相关影响因素.结果 对152例Vater壶腹及乳头癌行根治性胰十二指肠切除术,淋巴结转移率为31%,其中T1、T2、T3、T4期淋巴结转移率分别为0、20%（11/54）、26%（19/72）及94%（16/17）.淋巴结转移相关因素有：肿瘤直径（＜3 cm与≥3 cm相比,P=0.002）、肿瘤分化程度（P=0.012）、十二指肠壁浸润（P=0.008）、T分期（P=0.000）及胰腺受侵（P=0.005）.结论 Vater壶腹及乳头癌淋巴结转移率高;根治性手术切除是主要的治疗方式;行肿瘤局部切除时应选择适合的病例.     

术前Glasgow预后分数与直肠癌肝转移和预后的关系探讨

目的探讨术前Glasgow预后分数（Glasgow prognostic score,GPS）与直肠癌肝转移和预后的关系。方法回顾性分析中国人民解放军总医院普通外科2005年6月至2011年12月期间收治并行手术治疗的223例直肠癌患者的临床资料,分析术前GPS得分与直肠癌肝转移和预后的关系。结果直肠癌术前GPS得分与肿瘤的浸润深度（P〈0.001）、脉管浸润（P〈0.001）、肝转移（P〈0.001）、TNM分期（P〈0.001）、癌胚抗原水平（P=0.009）、CA19-9水平（P〈0.001）及CA724水平（P〈0.001）均有关。肿瘤分化程度（低分化：OR=10.688）、脉管浸润（OR=4.918）、淋巴结转移（OR=3.359）及术前GPS得分（2分：OR=15.907）是直肠癌肝转移的影响因素;年龄（RR=2.121）、分化程度（低分化：RR=2.846）、浸润深度（RR=1.754）、TNM分期（Ⅱ期：RR=7.447,Ⅲ期：RR=9.030,Ⅳ期：RR=13.325）及术前GPS得分（2分：RR=2.471）是直肠癌预后的独立危险因素。术前GPS得分与直肠癌肝转移和预后均有关。结论术前GPS得分与直肠癌肝转移相关,且其可作为直肠癌预后评估的参考指标。     

胰头癌与壶腹癌可切除性及临床行为特点差异的比较研究

目的探讨胰头癌与壶腹癌在可切除性、肿瘤局部浸润、血管侵犯、淋巴结转移、远处转移、预后等临床行为特点的差异。方法同期收治的胰头癌42例、壶腹癌26例为本研究对象，以手术发现和病理诊断作为金标准，探讨上述指标两组之间的差异。结果同期收治的壶腹癌26例和胰头癌42例中，壶腹癌切除率84．62％，胰头癌的手术切除率为19．05％，胰头癌发生血管侵犯为83．33％，壶腹癌为11．54％，两组间均存在显著差异（P〈0.01）。在肿瘤局部组织浸润（P=0.13）、淋巴结转移（P=0．15）、远处转移（P=0.54），两组间无差异；两组TNM分期构成亦存在明显差异（P〈0．01）。结论壶腹癌与胰头癌因其原发组织、生长部位不同，其临床行为特点各异，术前应力争明确肿瘤部位以利于制定正确治疗方案。     

壶腹周围癌某些相关基因表达与预后的关系

胆总管在穿经十二指肠壁时与胰管汇合后略膨大,称胆胰壶腹（简称壶腹）。壶腹及其外周环绕的括约肌向十二指肠腔突出,使二十指肠粘膜隆起形成十二指肠乳头。在壶腹周围（包括壶腹）上述组织结构所发生的肿瘤统称壶腹周围肿瘤,可为良性或者恶性,以恶性居多。恶性肿瘤包括来自壶腹、胆总管下端、十二指肠乳头和胰头的癌肿,临床上把前三者统称壶腹部癌,连同胰头癌统称壶腹周围癌。     

十二指肠乳头癌淋巴结转移特点与手术预后的关系

目的 探索十二指肠乳头癌(CPV)区域淋巴结转移特点与预后的关系,以指导CPV根治术中淋巴结的清扫.方法 回顾性分析东方肝胆外科医院2005年1月至2010年12月间94例行根治性胰十二指肠切除CPV区域淋巴结转移特点,分析与其预后相关的临床病理因素.结果 本组淋巴结转移率为46.8％,其中pT1、pT2、pT3和pT4期淋巴结转移率分别为15.4％(2/13)、62.7％(32/51)、80.0％(8/10)和100％(2/2).94例区域淋巴结中,胰十二指肠后组、胰腺钩突系膜组、肝十二指肠韧带组及肝固有动脉旁组淋巴结转移率依次为30.9％、21.3％、11.7％和6.4％.预后相关因素:肿瘤pT分期(P＜0.01)、十二指肠壁浸润(P=0.001)、肝转移(P=0.001)、胰腺浸润(P=0.004)、淋巴结转移(P＜0.01);各区域淋巴结转移:胰十二指肠后组淋巴结(P＜0.01)、胰腺钩突系膜组淋巴结(P＜0.01)、肝十二指肠韧带组淋巴结(P＜0.01)、肝固有动脉旁组淋巴结(P=0.010);预后独立危险因素:胰十二指肠后组淋巴结转移(P＜0.01)、胰腺钩突系膜组淋巴结转移(P＜0.01)、十二指肠壁浸润(P=0.019).结论 钩突系膜组淋巴结和胰十二指肠后组淋巴结均是CPV转移的第一站,均可独立影响CPV术后生存率.术中应重视该区域淋巴结的清扫,特别是保证完整切除胰腺钩突及系膜组织.     

胰癌与壶腹癌TNM分类

一、胰癌Ｔ1:原发肿瘤限于胰腺。　Ｔ1ａ :肿瘤最大径≤ 2ｃｍ　　Ｔ1ｂ :肿瘤 >2ｃｍ。Ｔ2 :肿瘤直接扩散至十二指肠、胆总管及胰腺周围组织。Ｔ3:肿瘤扩散至胃、脾、结肠或邻近血管。Ｎ0 :无局部淋巴结转移。Ｎ1:局部淋巴结转移。Ｎｘ:局部淋巴结转移不能评估。Ｍ0 :无远处转移。Ｍ1:有远处转移如肝转移或腹膜转移。二、壶腹癌Ｔ1:肿瘤位于壶腹。Ｔ2 :肿瘤侵犯十二指肠壁。Ｔ3:肿瘤侵犯胰腺≤ 2ｃｍ。Ｔ4:肿瘤侵犯胰腺 >2ｃｍ或邻近器官。Ｎ及Ｍ分类同胰癌。胰癌与壶腹癌TNM分类@何振平InternationalUnionAgainstCancer(UICC);Spiess…     

癌结节对结直肠癌肝转移同期切除术预后的影响

目的探讨癌结节对初始可切除同时性结直肠癌肝转移患者同期切除术预后的影响。 方法回顾性分析2003年7月至2015年7月复旦大学附属中山医院行同期切除的212例同时性结直肠癌肝转移患者资料,分析癌结节和临床病理因素的相关性,采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析和Cox回归模型分析癌结节对预后的影响。 结果癌结节的阳性率为43.9%（93/212）,癌结节和肿瘤分化、淋巴结转移、血管浸润和神经浸润显著相关（P=0.044、0.001、0.035、<0.001）,是低DFS的独立预后因素。癌结节阳性患者的OS和DFS明显低于癌结节阴性患者,差异有统计学意义（P=0.003、<0.001）。淋巴结阳性的135例患者中,癌结节阳性和阴性患者的OS比较,差异无统计学意义（P=0.608）,癌结节阳性患者DFS更低（P=0.003）;在淋巴结阴性的77例患者中,癌结节阳性患者的OS和DFS均显著低于癌结节阴性患者（P<0.001、0.010）。 结论对于结直肠癌肝转移同期切除术后患者,癌结节和肿瘤分化、淋巴结转移以及神经浸润显著相关,且预示不良预后。     

壶腹腺癌胰十二指肠切除术后预后相关因素分析

目的:探讨影响壶腹腺癌患者行胰十二指肠切除术预后相关因素。方法:回顾2007年1月—2014年12月期间接受胰十二指肠切除术治疗的壶腹腺癌患者的临床及病理资料,分析患者术后生存的影响因素。结果:全组患者术后1、3、5年生存率分别为87.5%、64.3%、54.5%。单因素分析显示,术前总胆红素、直接胆红素、CEA、CA19-9、CA242、肿瘤分化程度、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移、肿瘤分期、胰腺侵犯、神经侵犯、术后辅助治疗是影响壶腹腺癌患者术后生存的影响因素(均P0.05)。多因素分析显示,CEA、肿瘤浸润深度是影响壶腹腺癌患者术后生存的独立影响因素(均P0.05)。结论:壶腹腺癌患者行胰十二指肠切除术后的预后与多种因素相关,CEA、肿瘤浸润深度是评价壶腹腺癌患者预后最重要的指标。     

十二指肠乳头癌行胰十二指肠切除术疗效及预后因素分析

目的 探讨十二指肠乳头癌行胰十二指肠切除术(PD)的疗效及影响预后的因素.方法 回顾性分析我院1998年1月至2006年6月期间收治的52例十二指肠乳头癌行PD术患者的临床病理资料.其中男26倒,女26例,年龄32~75岁,中位年龄为57岁.结果 患者中位生存时间为19个月,1、3、5年累计生存率分别为73.1％、34.6％、26.9％.单变量分析显示,肿瘤最大直径、局部淋巴结转移、十二指肠壁浸润、胰腺受累、肿瘤分化程度、术后化疗与十二指肠乳头癌行PD术预后相关.Cox多因素分析显示,局部淋巴结转移、胰腺受累及术后化疗是影响十二指肠乳头癌行PD术长期生存的独立相关因素(P<0.05),其中术后化疗为保护因素.结论 ①十二指肠乳头癌行PD术长期生存与肿瘤大小、局部淋巴结转移、十二指肠壁浸润、胰腺受累、肿瘤分化程度、术后化疗等多种因素有关.②局部淋巴结转移、胰腺受累及术后化疗是影响十二指肠乳头癌行PD术预后的独立相关因素,术后化疗作为保护因素有助于改善生存率.     

淋巴结转移数目是Vater壶腹癌术后显著的预后指标

目的探讨Vater壶腹癌根治术后的预后相关因素。方法回顾分析行胰十二指肠切除术及局部淋巴结清扫术的65例Vater壶腹癌患者的临床病理资料及生存状况。结果65例患者共切除淋巴结1380枚。有33例患者发现116枚淋巴结转移，随访83个月，发现20例有1～3枚淋巴结转移者，中位生存49个月，术后5年生存率为43％；13例有4枚或4枚以上淋巴结转移者，术后23个月内全部死亡。单因素分析发现，阳性淋巴结数目（P〈0．01）和位置（P〈0．01）是显著的预后指标。多因素分析发现，阳性淋巴结数目是独立的预后指标（P=0．007）。结论淋巴结转移数目是Vater壶腹癌患者根治手术后长期生存的独立相关因素。     

Intraoperative Allogeneic Red Blood Cell Transfusion in Ampullary Cancer Outcome after Curative Pancreatoduodenectomy: A Clinical Study and Meta-Analysis

BACKGROUND: Allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT) containing packed red blood cells (RBCs) has a known immunosuppressive effect that may affect cancer metastases and recurrence. This study examined whether intraoperative allogeneic RBC transfusion is an independent risk factor of adverse outcome in patients with ampullary carcinoma after curative pancreatoduodenectomy. METHODS: The clinical data of 67 patients with carcinoma of the ampulla of Vatar underwent pancreatoduodenectomy between 1999 and 2004 were analyzed, and long-term follow-up visits were made for all patients. Kaplan-Meier statistics and Cox proportional hazard methodology were used to perform univariate and multivariate analysis to identify independent risk factors for survival. For the meta-analysis, all English-language studies regarding blood transfusion from carcinoma of the ampulla of Vatar or ampullary carcinoma and prognostic factors or factors for survival from 1995 to 2007 were reviewed, and contingency tables were constructed from which a summary relative risk was calculated. RESULTS: There were 43 patients (64.2%) who received an intraoperative ABT. The amount of intraoperative ABT ranged from 2 to 13 (mean, 4.25) units; there were 18 patients transfused at 2 units, and 25 patients transfused >/=3 units. The follow-up ranged from 2 to 90 (mean, 49) months. Forty-five patients (67.2%) died as a result of tumor progression. For patients transfused >/=3 units, median and cumulative 3-year and 5-year survivals were poorer significantly than that of patients transfused with 2 units and/or nontransfused patients (P < 0.05). After multivariate analysis, except for presence of lymph node metastasis (P = 0.023) and pancreatic invasion (P = 0.024), the intraoperative ABT >/=3 units was found to be an independent poor prognostic factor for those with ampullary cancer after curative pancreatoduodenectomy either (relative risk, 2.082; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.048-4.135; P = 0.036). Meta-analysis of 346 patients showed the summary relative risk of an adverse outcome after intraoperative ABT in these studies was 2.55 (95% CI, 1.59-4.1). CONCLUSIONS: The amount of intraoperative ABT is one of the important factors that adversely influenced survival in patients with ampullary cancer after curative pancreatoduodenectomy. Healing anemia preoperatively and careful dissection to minimize intraoperative bleeding as much as possible are mandatory for reducing risk of the intraoperative ABT.     

胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰头和壶腹部癌230例分析

了解胰十二指肠切除术治疗胰头和壶腹部癌的效果和影响病人生存的因素。方法:分析230例胰头和壶腹部癌的主要表现,辅助检查、手术并发症、手术死亡率,调查术后生存情况及影响病人长期生存的因素。结果:本组病人出现黄疽90.9％,腹痛56.1％,发热32.6％,白陶土样大便13.5％。B超、CT和ERCP检查准确率分别为68.3％、79.3％和66.6％。手术并发症72例(31.3％),死亡20例(8.7％)。术后1、3、5年存活率分别为46.7％,17.4％和52％。肿瘤直径、淋巴结转移和切缘状态是影响病人术后生存的因素,而肿瘤分化程度和病人年龄对生存率无明显影响。结论:胰头和壶腹部癌临床表现有多样性,B超和CT等辅助检查有局限性,手术有高并发症,5年生存率低下,手术治疗远近期效果都不理想。     

Impact of lymph node metastasis on survival in patients with pathological T1 carcinoma of the ampulla of vater

To determine the prognostic factors for patients with pathological T1 (pT1) carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater, 36 consecutive patients with carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater who underwent surgery were retrospectively analyzed in terms of clinicopathological features. The overall 5-year Kaplan-Meier survival in all patients was 50.2%, and the median survival of all patients was 64.0 months. Factors favorably influencing a long-term outcome were the absence of lymph node metastasis (P<0.0001), the absence of ulcer formation of the tumor (P=0.0062), and the absence of tumor invasion into the duodenum (P = 0.0025) and the pancreas (P=0.0098). In a multivariate analysis, lymph node metastasis was the only predictor of survival (P=0.0023). In the pT1 stage patients, 20% of the patients had lymph node metastasis, and their survival was statistically poor compared to the pT1 patients without lymph node metastasis (P=0.017). As for survival after the operation, there was no significant difference between pancreatoduodenectomy and pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy.     

Vater壶腹癌23例报告

目的 评估和总结Vater壶腹癌治疗的临床经验.方法 回顾性分析23例Vater壶 腹癌的临床资料.结果 18例(78.3%)行经典的胰十二指肠切除术和保留幽门的胰十二指肠切除术;术后并发胰瘘8例(34.8%),并发胃排空延迟6例(26.1%),两种术式的并发症发生率相近;术后1年生存率为77.3%,术后5年生存率为...     

壶腹部周围癌94例临床分析

目的探讨壶腹部周围癌的诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾性分析我院2000年1月～2007年1月收治的壶腹部周围癌94例的临床资料。结果行胰十二指肠切除术者1、2、3、5年生存率分别为42．85％、28．75％、14．2％和9．52％;十二指肠肿瘤局部切除术者1、2、3年生存率分别为100％、50％和0;胆肠吻合、胃肠吻合手术者1年生存率为0。结论胰十二指肠切除术仍然是治疗壶腹部周围癌最有效的措施。对合并急性梗阻性胆管炎的病人建议二期手术治疗,可提高手术安全性。     

Adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. A 28-year experience.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study were to review the experience with adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater at The Johns Hopkins Hospital and to determine what factors influenced the long-term outcome in these patients. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater is the second most common periampullary malignancy. However, most series have relatively small numbers. As a result, analysis of factors influencing outcome has been limited. METHODS: From 1969 to 1996, 120 patients with adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater were managed at The Johns Hopkins Hospital. Clinical, operative, and pathologic factors were correlated with morbidity and long-term survival. Factors influencing outcome were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Resection was performed in 106 patients (88%), and 105 of these patients (99%) underwent either pancreatoduodenal resection (n = 103) or total pancreatectomy (n = 2). Resection rate increased from 62% in the 1970s to 82% in the 1980s to 96% in the 1990s (p < 0.05). Overall mortality after resection was 3.8% with no mortality in the 45 consecutive patients resected in the past 5 years. Morbidity also decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 70% before to 38% after December 1992. Five-year survival for resected patient was 38%. Factors favorably influencing long-term outcome were resection (p < 0.001), no perioperative blood transfusions (p < 0.05), negative lymph node status (p = 0.05), and moderate or well-differentiated tumors (p < 0.05). In a multivariate analysis, the best predictor of prolonged survival was absence of intraoperative transfusion (p = 0.06, relative risk = 1.90, 95% confidence limits = 0.95-3.78). CONCLUSIONS: Compared to carcinoma of the pancreas, carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater has a higher resectability rate and a better prognosis. Early diagnosis is important because lymph node status influences survival. Careful operative dissection and avoidance of transfusions also improves long-term survival.     

溶菌酶在壶腹癌分型中的临床意义

目的了解溶菌酶在壶腹癌分型中的意义.方法用免疫组化ABC法检测36例壶腹癌中溶菌酶表达.结果按是否含有溶菌酶分为两组,各期壶腹癌中溶菌酶阳性表达率分别为T175%(3 /4)、T283%(10/12)、T350%(2/4)、T435%(5/14)(P<0.05);N130%(3/10)、N071%(17/24)(P<0.05);溶菌酶阳性组3年生存率为66.7%(6/9),阴性组为14.3%(1/7)(P<0.05),说明溶菌酶表达与壶腹癌浸润转移和预后有关,溶菌酶阴性者易侵及胰腺,易有淋巴结转移,3年生存率低.结论溶菌酶在壶腹癌分型中具有一定的临床意义.     

Surgical treatment of cancer of the pancreas and the periampullary region: cumulative results in 57 institutions in Japan.

In this study the experiences with carcinomas of the pancreas, ampulla of Vater, terminal comma bile duct, and duodenum found in a series of 3,610 patients collected from 57 major Japanese institutions was compiled over a 26 year period. The results were analyzed as to the success of resectional and palliative surgery for the various lesions. The most common lesion was carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. Unifortunately, only 18.3% of these patients were resectable with a 25.3% mortality. Carcinoma of the body and the tail was the second most frequent lesion, and it also exhibited a low resection rate. Carcinomas of the ampulla and the terminal common bile duct and duodenal regions were the most favorable for resection; usually pancreatoduodenectomy with an overall mortality of 20.8%. As a result of the large number of pancreatectomies performed, there was also a large number of postoperative complications, the most frequent being leakage at an anastomotic line. Hemorrhage also occurred frequently. Distal pancreatectomies were reserved for carcinoma of the body and the tail of the pancreas, and the most common postoperative complication of this procedure was hemorrhage. There were only 45 total pancreatectomies among the 973 resections being performed most frequently in patients with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. Again, the most frequent postoperative complication was hemorrhage, followed by anastomotic leakage. The long term survivals following resection for these lesions were each poor. The best mean survival time was 22.7 months for carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. Patients having resections for carcinoma of the head of the pancreas had a mean survival time of 12.3 months. At 5 years there were few survivors and most of them were patients who had undergone resections for carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater.     

Follow-up studies of radical resection for pancreaticoduodenal cancer.

In a study of 66 patients with pancreaticoduodenal cancer with pancreaticoduodenectomy, there were five (7.5%) hospital deaths. Five-year survival rates were 7.8% in 20 patients with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas, 16.7% in 31 patients with carcinoma of the bile duct, and 38.5% in 15 patients with carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater. Fecal fat loss measured was 10 g or less per day in nine of 12 patients. Of the 19 patients having glucose tolerance tests, 13 showed abnormalities including the two who were diabetic. Operative findings which were indicative of a poor prognosis included lymph node metastases, macroscopic invasion of the tumor into the pancreatic capsule in patients with carcinoma of the head of the pancreas, the size of the tumor in those with carcinoma of the common bile duct, and direct invasion of the lesion into the pancreas in patients with carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater.     

Pancreatic invasion is a prognostic indicator after radical resection for carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater

Sixty-three patients who had undergone pancreatoduodenectomy for carcinoma of the ampulla of Vater were analyzed with respect to tumor extent and prognosis. The postoperative mortality rate was 3% and overall survival rates 3 and 5 years after surgery were 55% and 46%, respectively. pTNM stage did not reflect prognosis after resection in patients at stages 2 and 3, while pancreatic invasion and regional lymph node metastasis clearly reflected prognosis after resection. Of the 26 patients who had no pancreatic invasion, regional lymph node metastasis was seen in only 19%, whereas of the 37 patients with pancreatic invasion, 62% exhibited lymph node metastasis. These factors were significantly correlated (P<0.001). Pancreatic invasion appeared to be an indirect indicator of regional lymph node metastasis. We conclude that, to improve prognosis for patients with pancreatic invasion, extended resection including extended lymphadenectomy, is a preferable additional procedure.