静脉内平滑肌瘤病延伸至右侧心腔的诊断和外科治疗

目的探讨静脉内平滑肌瘤延伸至右侧心腔的诊断与外科治疗。方法2001年1月至2006年5月我院收治静脉内平滑肌瘤延伸至右侧心腔患者2例,均分期手术。首先行常规全麻中低温体外循环下心脏肿物切除术,然后二期切除子宫、附件及子宫病变组织,进行盆腔清扫术。结果无围术期并发症,2例患者随访至今情况良好。结论提高对多发性子宫肌瘤或右心房肿物的警惕性,一期直视下心脏内肿物切除术,二期切除子宫病变组织和盆腔清扫术,可获满意的效果。     

延伸至心脏的静脉内平滑肌瘤7例并文献复习

目的探讨延伸至心脏的静脉内平滑肌瘤的临床特点。方法回顾分析7例心脏受累的静脉内平滑肌瘤患者的临床资料。结果 7例患者均为女性,年龄41～49岁,平均(45±3)岁。其中5例(71%)患者既往因子宫肌瘤行子宫全部或部分切除手术,1例左卵巢畸胎瘤行手术剔除;5例患者分别出现活动后气短、晕厥或肺栓塞症状。超声心动图检查在右心房和(或)右心室内发现肿物,活动度较大,可以堵塞三尖瓣口;肿物均向下腔静脉延续。所有患者均成功接受了静脉和心腔内瘤栓取出术,随诊1例患者盆腔肿瘤复发,余6例患者无复发。结论静脉内平滑肌瘤病的发生率低,侵入心脏的病例更为罕见,明确诊断后应立即进行手术。提高对本病的临床表现和影像学认识有助于早期诊断和治疗。     

下腔静脉系平滑肌瘤病延伸至右心房一例

1　临床资料　　患者女性 ,43岁。心慌、晕厥反复发作 7个月 ,初诊为右心房粘液瘤。手术在右心房内切除长 10 cm,最大直径 5 cm的梨形肿物 ,质韧有光泽 ,蒂细长连于下腔静脉内 ,病理证实为平滑肌瘤。 8个月后因腹胀 ,双下肢水肿再次住院。磁共振成像检查示 :下腔静脉内有 1个自髂总静脉到第二肝门水平的巨大肿物。术中切除肿物呈圆柱形 ,长 2 7cm,最大直径3cm,重 6 5 g,中间有细蒂相连 ,黄白色 ,质软 ,近心端游离似菜花样 ,附着点位于左右髂总静脉处 ,根部见丰富血管。术后病理诊断为下腔静脉内平滑肌瘤病。2　讨论　　下腔静脉系平滑肌瘤病…     

延伸至右侧心腔的静脉内平滑肌瘤病的个性化外科治疗

【摘要】 目的 探讨延伸至右心的静脉内平滑肌瘤病的外科治疗方法、安全性和疗效。本研究旨在报告北京协和医院单中心外科治疗结果。方法 回顾2002年11月至2017年3月间在北京协和医院接受延伸至右心的静脉内平滑肌瘤病切除术的41例患者的临床资料。分析临床表现、手术技术、手术效果和随访资料，并将结果与现有文献进行比较。结果 41例患者均行延伸至右心的静脉内平滑肌瘤病切除术，平均年龄25～55（44.6±6.2）岁。该病的临床表现多样，包括22例（53.7%）患者呼吸困难、胸闷气短，13例（31.7%）患者下肢水肿，4例（9.8%）患者发生晕厥，4例（9.8%）患者有浆膜腔积液，32 例患者（78%）盆腔肿物，4 例（9.8%）患者肺栓塞，3例（7.3%）患者肺转移；10例（24.4%）患者无症状。所有患者均有子宫平滑肌瘤病史；其中子宫切除术30例（73.2%），子宫切除术2例。15例（36.6%）肿瘤起自髂静脉，19例（46.3%）肿瘤起自卵巢静脉，6例（14.6%）起自髂静脉与卵巢静脉。在41例病例中，35例（85%）在体外循环下进行肿瘤切除，32例（78%）在深度低温停循环进行手术。17例（41.5%）进行分期手术切除，24例（58.5%）进行一期手术切除。术式包括单纯经腹手术6例（14.6%），经胸部切开手术1例（0.3%），胸腹切口并肝下腔静脉切开20例（48.8%），胸腹并肝后腔静脉切开术14例（34.1%）。术后石蜡病理诊断证实为静脉内平滑肌瘤病。9例患者有残留肿瘤，其中8例患者肿瘤未进展。术后随访9～172（52.4±36.1）个月，未出现死亡事件。结论 我们针对延伸至右侧心腔的静脉内平滑肌瘤病提出具有个体化差异的外科手术治疗策略，为手术方案的选择提供参考。该策略可以为该病患者提供更安全和更有效的手术治疗，但仍需前瞻性多中心较多病例来支持。     

超声诊断静脉内平滑肌瘤病累及心脏病变2例

例 1　女 ,49岁。主诉心慌、气短、下肢水肿、月经增多。体检 :心界扩大 ,胸骨右缘 4肋间闻及Ⅲ级收缩期杂音 ,下肢凹陷性水肿。下腹膨隆。妇科检查子宫后位 ,后壁膨出 ,质地硬 ,子宫右侧可触及 5 .5cm× 6cm× 5cm包块。X线胸片心影增大 ,盆腔CT平扫及增强见子宫增大 ,子宫右侧低密度肿块影 ,密度不均。超声检查 :二维超声见右心扩大 ,下腔静脉扩张 ,肝段下腔静脉内径 3.0cm ,左、右髂总静脉内径分别为 2 .0cm、2 .3cm。在左、右髂总静脉内、下腔静脉内 ,直至右心房腔内均可见实质性中等回声团块充填 (图 1、2 ) ,团块回声欠均 ,其内可见…     

延至右心房的静脉内平滑肌瘤4例报告并文献复习

目的 探讨延至右心房的静脉内平滑肌瘤的诊断与治疗方法.方法 回顾分析4例延至右心房的静脉内平滑肌瘤切除手术患者的临床资料,总结其诊断与治疗方法.结果 4例患者均径CT、MRI检查确诊,在全身麻醉体外循环下顺利完成手术.结论 心脏超声、CT及MRI检查均可为该疾病的诊断提供重要信息,尤其是MRI检查可为手术方式选择提供依据.手术治疗是治愈的惟一有效手段,根据病情可采用一期或分期手术.     

下腔静脉系平滑肌瘤延伸至右心房一例

下腔静脉系平滑肌瘤延伸至右心房一例浙江医科大学附属第二医院胸心外科郦志军，张昌铭１临床资料患者女性，４２岁。因反复胸闷、心悸、气急半年，以及夜间发生阵发性呼吸困难和心源性晕厥２周，于１９９３年４月入院。１９８９年，因患子宫平滑肌瘤曾施行子宫次全切除加...     

改良式左胸腹联合左颈二切口在食管癌根治术中的应用(附21例临床分析)

目的探讨改良式左胸腹联合左颈二切口在食管下段癌根治术中的应用. 方法对2002年2月至2003年6月采用了改良式左胸腹联合左颈二切口根治术的21例食管下段癌患者的手术时间、手术并发症、上腹部淋巴结清扫范围进行回顾性分析. 结果改良式左胸腹联合左颈二切口根治术能有效的简化了手术操作步骤,减少了手术创伤及并发症,扩大了腹内淋巴结清扫范围. 结论改良式左胸腹联合左颈二切口根治术是食管下段癌患者的较理想的术式.     

盆腔血管平滑肌脂肪瘤累及左髂静脉、下腔静脉及右心房病例报告及文献复习

<正>血管平滑肌脂肪瘤(Angiomyolipoma,AML)是一种少见的良性间叶性肿瘤,多局限于肾,肾外AML少见,肾外AML伴静脉内及右心房生长则罕见。本文报道1例盆腔AML伴左髂静脉、下腔静脉及右心房内生长的罕见病例     

腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除联合盆腔淋巴结清扫术治疗宫颈癌的疗效

目的探讨对老年宫颈癌患者行腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除联合盆腔淋巴结清扫术的临床效果。方法选取该院收治的老年宫颈癌患者42例,将所有患者随机分成观察组和对照组,观察组患者行腹腔镜下广泛子宫切除联合盆腔淋巴结清扫术,对照组患者行传统开腹手术进行广泛子宫切除和盆腔淋巴结清扫。结果两组中所有患者均顺利完成手术,观察组无中转开腹病例,两组患者切除淋巴结的个数、切口感染情况无明显差异(P>0.05),而两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、生尿潴留和淋巴囊肿的情况、术后肛门排气时间、留置导尿管时间、住院时间、使用抗生素时间具有明显的统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论老年宫颈癌患者行广泛子宫切除联合盆腔淋巴结清扫术疗效较好,值得临床推广应用。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.