日本血吸虫重组Bb(pGEX-Sj14-3-3)疫苗免疫BALB/c小鼠诱导免疫应答的动态检测

目的 研究日本血吸虫重组双歧杆菌属两歧双歧杆菌(Bb) (pGEX-Sjl4-3-3)疫苗免疫小鼠后其免疫应答的动态变化.方法 将重组疫苗分别采用口服灌胃和鼻内接种免疫BALB/c小鼠,分别于免疫后2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18、20和22周ELISA法测小鼠血清中IgG及其亚类、IgE和IgA及脾细胞培养液中IFN-γ、IL-12、TNF-α和IL-10水平;MTT法测定脾细胞增殖;流式细胞仪检测脾细胞凋亡率及CD4+和CD8+T细胞亚群百分率.结果 口服组血清IgG、IgG1、IgG2a、IgG2b、IgG3、IgE和IgA水平分别在免疫后8、6、6、4、8、10和6周达峰值.脾淋巴细胞增殖和凋亡水平均在免疫后4周达峰值;CD4+T细胞于8周达峰值,CD8+T细胞于14周达峰值.IFN-γ、IL-12、TNF-α和IL-10水平分别于8、8、6和4周达峰值.鼻内接种组血清IgG、IgG1、IgG2a、IgG2b、IgG3、IgE和IgA分别于4、6、4、4、8、10和8周达峰值.脾淋巴细胞增殖及凋亡水平也均在4周达峰值;CD4+T细胞于8周达峰值,CD8+T细胞于4周达峰值.IFN-γ、IL-12、TNF-α和IL-10水平分别于2、2、4和4周达峰值.口服及鼻腔内接种是两种较好的免疫途径,且后者优于前者.结论 该疫苗可诱导小鼠产生有效的免疫应答.     

多房棘球绦虫重组BCG-EmⅡ/3疫苗促进小鼠脾细胞因子的分泌

目的动态观察多房棘球绦虫重组BCG-EmⅡ/3疫苗免疫小鼠后脾细胞因子的变化。方法采用鼻腔内接种疫苗免疫BALB/C鼠,在免疫后0、2、4、6、8和10周各剖杀4只小鼠取脾,分离脾细胞,用EmAg或ConA刺激培养,收集脾细胞培养上清液,检测脾细胞培养上清液中的IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α和IL-4水平,同时设有PBS对照。结果疫苗接种组中IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α和IL-4分别在免疫后2~6、2~6、2~10和8~10周升高,分别在免疫后4、4、8和10周达最高水平。结论多房棘球绦虫重组BCG-EmⅡ/3疫苗在免疫早期(2~8周)即可诱导小鼠产生一个TH1型保护性免疫反应。     

多房棘球绦虫混合重组BCG-EmⅡ/3和BCG-Em14-3-3疫苗诱导小鼠脾细胞因子的变化

目的:探讨多房棘球绦虫混合重组BCG-EmⅡ/3和BCG-Em14-3-3疫苗免疫后再以Em原头节攻击后小鼠脾细胞因子的变化。方法:将疫苗采用皮下注射和鼻腔内接种分别免疫BALB/c小鼠后8周,用多房棘球绦虫原头节进行攻击感染。感染后18周杀鼠取脾,分离脾细胞,用EmAg或ConA刺激培养,并收集脾细胞培养上清液,用试剂盒检测脾细胞培养上清液中IL-2、IFN-γ、TNF-α和IL-4的水平,同时设有空载体、BCG和PBS对照。结果:疫苗接种组的IFN-γ和TNF-α水平升高,IL-4水平降低;皮下注射组的TNF-α水平高于鼻腔内接种组。结论:多房棘球绦虫混合重组BCG-EmⅡ/3和BCG-Em14-3-3疫苗可诱导小鼠产生Th1型细胞应答,抵抗Em原头节的攻击感染。疫苗皮下注射途径优于鼻腔内接种。     

细粒棘球绦虫重组Bb-Eg95-EgA31疫苗诱导小鼠免疫应答的动态观察

目的:观察细粒棘球绦虫(Eg)重组双歧杆菌(Bb)-Eg95-EgA31疫苗免疫小鼠后其免疫应答的动态变化。方法:将疫苗分别采用口服灌胃和鼻腔内接种免疫BALB/c鼠,分别于免疫后2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18和20周用ELISA法测定免疫小鼠血清中IgG及其亚类和IgE水平。用MTT法测定脾淋巴细胞的增殖,用ELISA法检测脾淋巴细胞培养上清液中IL-12、IFN-γ、TNF-α和IL-10水平,用流式细胞术(FCM)检测脾CD4+和CD8+T细胞百分率。结果:口服免疫小鼠血清IgG、IgG2a、IgG2b、IgG1、IgG3和IgE水平分别在免疫后8、2、6、6、8和10周达到峰值。脾淋巴细胞悬液中IL-12、IFN-γ、TNF-α和IL-10水平分别在免疫后4、2、4和6周达到峰值。脾淋巴细胞增殖在免疫后6周达到峰值;脾CD4+T细胞在免疫后6周达到峰值,脾CD8+T细胞无明显变化。鼻腔内接种免疫小鼠血清IgG、IgG2a、IgG2b、IgG1、IgG3和IgE水平分别在免疫后10、6、10、8、8和10周达到峰值。脾淋巴细胞悬液中IL-12、IFN-γ、TNF-α和IL-10水平分别在免疫后2、2、4和8周达到峰值。脾淋巴细胞增殖在免疫后6周达到峰值;脾CD4+T细胞在免疫后6周达到峰值,脾CD8+T细胞无明显变化。口服免疫和鼻腔内接种是两种较好的免疫途径,且前者优于后者。结论:细粒棘球绦虫重组Bb-Eg95-EgA31疫苗可诱导小鼠产生有效的免疫应答。     

细粒棘球绦虫重组BCG-Eg95疫苗免疫小鼠后脾细胞因子的动态观察

目的 动态观察细粒棘球绦虫重组BCG-Eg95疫苗免疫小鼠后脾细胞因子的变化.方法 疫苗分别采用口服灌胃和鼻腔内接种免疫Balb/e鼠,在免疫后0、2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16和周各剖杀4只小鼠取脾,分离脾细胞,用EgAg或ConA刺激培养,收集脾细胞培养上清液,用试剂盒检测脾细胞培养上清液的IL-2、IFN-у、TNF-α和IL-4水平,同时设有PBS对照.结果 口服免疫组的IL-2、IFN-у、TNF-α和IL-4水平分别在免疫后4～10周、2～10周,2～18周和10周升高,分别在免疫后10、10、6和10周达最高水平;鼻腔内接种组的IL-2、IFN-у、TNF-α和IL-4水平分别在免疫后2～18周、2～10周、2～18周和10周升高,分别在免疫后10、8、12和10周达最高水平.结论 细粒棘球绦虫重组BCG-Eg95疫苗在免疫早期(2～10周)可诱导小鼠脾细胞产生Th1和Th2.混合型细胞因子.     

多房棘球绦虫混合重组BCG-EmⅡ/3和BCG-Em14-3-3疫苗诱导小鼠脾细胞因子的变化

目的：探讨多房棘球绦虫混合重组BCG—EmII／3和BCG—Eml4—3—3疫苗免疫后再以Em原头节攻击后小鼠脾细胞因子的变化。方法：将疫苗采用皮下注射和鼻腔内接种分别免疫BALB／c小鼠后8周，用多房棘球绦虫原头节进行攻击感染。感染后18周杀鼠取脾，分离脾细胞，用EmAg或ConA刺激培养，并收集脾细胞培养上清液，用试剂盒检测脾细胞培养上清液中IL-2、IFN—γ、TNF—α和IL-4的水平，同时设有空载体、BCG和PBS对照。结果-疫苗接种组的IFN—γ和TNF—α水平升高，IL-4水平降低；皮下注射组的TNF—α水平高于鼻腔内接种组。结论-多房棘球绦虫混合重组BCG—EmⅡ／3和BCG—Eml4—3—3疫苗可诱导小鼠产生Th1型细胞应答，抵抗Em原头节的攻击感染。疫苗皮下注射途径优于鼻腔内接种。     

多房棘球绦虫重组Bb-EmⅡ/3-Em14-3-3疫苗诱导小鼠细胞因子变化的研究

目的:研究多房棘球绦虫重组Bb-EmⅡ/3-Em14-3-3疫苗对原头蚴攻击小鼠细胞因子变化的影响.方法:将重组Bb-EmⅡ/3-Em14-3-3疫苗分别通过皮下注射、肌肉注射、鼻腔黏膜接种和口服接种免疫BALB/c小鼠12周后, 用50个多房棘球绦虫原头蚴腹腔注射进行攻击, 攻击感染后18周剖杀小鼠, 取脾脏制备淋巴细胞悬液体外培养, 分别以多房棘球绦虫抗原(EmAg)、 刀豆素A(ConA)刺激诱生白细胞介素12(IL-12)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)和干扰素γ(IFN-γ);以脂多糖(LPS)刺激诱生肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α).常规ELISA测定脾细胞培养上清液中IL-12、 IL-10、 IFN-γ和TNF-α水平.结果:与对照组相比,疫苗免疫组IFN-γ、 IL-12、 TNF-α水平增加, IL-10水平降低, EmAg刺激组和ConA或LPS刺激组细胞因子水平明显高于相应的原液组.结论:多房棘球绦虫重组Bb-EmⅡ/3-Em14-3-3疫苗可诱导攻击感染小鼠产生Th1型细胞免疫应答, 增强宿主抗多房棘球绦虫感染的保护性免疫反应.     

铜绿假单胞菌重组Bb-OprF疫苗诱导小鼠细胞免疫应答的研究

目的研究铜绿假单胞菌重组双歧杆菌(rBb)-OprF疫苗免疫小鼠,PAO1株攻击后产生的细胞免疫应答。方法将rBb-OprF疫苗分别采用皮下注射、肌肉注射、鼻腔黏膜和口服灌胃4种途径免疫Balb/c小鼠,免疫后8周用5×106CFU的PAO1株攻击,攻击1周后杀鼠取脾,MTT法检测特异性脾淋巴细胞增殖,流式细胞术检测脾CD4+T和CD8+T细胞比率,用ELISA法检测脾细胞培养上清IFN-γ、IL-12、TNF-α和IL-10的水平。结果脾T淋巴细胞增殖明显;脾细胞CD4+和CD8+T细胞亚群显著增加;脾细胞培养上清IFN-γ、IL-12、TNF-α和IL-10的水平显著升高,其中IFN-γ最为显著。结论铜绿假单胞菌rBb-OprF疫苗可诱导小鼠产生混合型的Th1和Th2免疫应答。     

细粒棘球绦虫重组Bb-Eg95-EgA31融合蛋白诱导小鼠免疫应答

目的研究细粒棘球绦虫(Eg)重组双歧杆菌(Bb)-Eg95-EgA31融合蛋白免疫小鼠后诱导的免疫应答。方法 56只SPF级雌性Balb/c小鼠随机均分7组,分别为重组Bb-Eg95-EgA31皮下注射组(A组)、肌肉注射组(B组)、鼻腔内接种组(C组)、口服灌胃组(D组)、空载体对照组(E组)、Bb对照组(F组)和Bb培养用液体培养基(MRS)对照组(G组)。免疫后8周各组鼠用50个Eg原头节攻击,攻击25周后,处死小鼠,分离细粒棘球蚴包囊并称重,计算囊重抑制率;ELISA检测血清IgG及其亚类和IgE和脾细胞上清液IL-12、IFN-γ、TNF-α和IL-10水平;MTT法测定脾细胞增殖反应;流式细胞仪检测脾CD4+和CD8+T细胞百分比和脾细胞凋亡发生率。结果重组Bb-Eg95-EgA31免疫组小鼠的囊重抑制率分别为45.33%、41.33%、70.67%和62.67%;血清IgG、IgG2a、IgG2b和IgG1水平升高,IgG3和IgE降低;脾IFN-γ、IL-12和TNF-α水平升高,IL-10水平降低;脾T淋巴细胞明显增殖;脾CD4+和CD8+T细胞显著增加;脾细胞凋亡发生率显著降低。结论细粒棘...     

重组BCG—Sj26GST疫苗诱导小鼠sIL—2R和IFN—γ的变化

目的研究日本血吸虫重组 BCG- Sj2 6 GST疫苗对小鼠脾细胞 s IL- 2 R和 IFN- γ的影响。方法第 1次实验采用 1× 10 6 和 1× 10 8CFU疫苗皮下免疫 BAL B/ C鼠 ,免疫后 8周用日本血吸虫尾蚴进行攻击感染 ,感染后 6周剖杀小鼠 ,同时设有 PBS对照组。第 2次实验用 1× 10 6 CFU疫苗皮下和静脉注射分别免疫小鼠 ,于免疫后 0、4、8、10、14和 16周各剖杀 4只 ,分离脾脏 ,用 Sj2 6或 Con A刺激脾细胞 ,用 EL ISA法检测脾细胞上清液中 s IL 2 - R和 IFN -γ含量。结果疫苗免疫 ,尾蚴攻击后 ,s IL- 2 R和 IFN- γ水平显著升高 ;动态观察发现 s IL- 2 R和 IFN- γ分别于免疫后 8～ 10周和 4～ 8周达最高水平。结论日本血吸虫重组 BCG- Sj2 6 GST疫苗可加强宿主 Th1反应 ,促进 Th1细胞分泌 IL- 2和 IFN- γ,它们与免疫细胞相互作用 ,提高宿主抗血吸虫感染的保护力     

Induction of macrophage nitric oxide production by interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α is enhanced by interleukin-10

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been reported to inhibit nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and microbicidal activity of interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-stimulated macrophages (MΦ) by preventing the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) which serves as an autocrine activating signal. We have examined the effects of recombinant IL-10 on the capacity of IFN-γ together with exogenous TNF-α to induce NO synthesis by bone marrow-derived MΦ. Under these conditions and in contrast to its reported deactivating potential, IL-10 strongly enhanced NO synthesis measured as nitrite (NO) release (half maximal stimulation at approximately 10 U/ml). IL-10 further increased NO production by MΦ stimulated in the presence of optimal concentrations of prostaglandin E₂, a positive modulator of MΦ activation by IFN-γ/TNF-α. Increased steady state levels of NO synthase mRNA were observed in 4-h IFN-γ/TNF-α cultures and enhanced NO release was evident 24 h but not 48 h after stimulation. These results suggest that the effects of IL-10 on MΦ function are more complex than previously recognized.     

Interleukin-12 is required for interferon-γ production and lethality in lipopolysaccharide-induced shock in mice

Several cytokines, in particular tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), have been shown to be responsible for pathological reactions which may lead to shock and death observed in infection with Gram-negative bacteria and in response to endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides, LPS). Priming of mice with the avirulent Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) vaccine strain of Mycobacterium bovis increases the sensitivity of mice to the lethal effect of LPS and results in an efficient priming for cytokine production. In response to low doses (1 γg/mouse) of LPS, BCG-primed mice produce interleukin-12 (IL-12) which controls IFN-γ production, as demonstrated by the ability of neutralizing anti-IL-12 antibodies to suppress IFN-γ production. However, the concentration of the biologically active IL-12 p70 heterodimer is similar in the serum of both BCG-primed or unprimed mice, reaching levels of 1–3 ng/ml at 3–6 h after LPS injection, whereas IFN-γ production was observed only in BCG-primed mice. The priming effect of BCG on IFN-γ production appears to be mostly due to its ability to increase TNF-α production, which acts as cofactor with LPS-induced IL-12 in inducing IFN-γ production, as shown by the ability of injection of TNF-α and LPS (1 γg/mouse), but not LPS alone, to induce IFN-γ production. However, in addition to TNF-α, other LPS-induced cofactor(s) are required in cooperation with IL-12 to induce optimal IFN-γ production, because co-injection of TNF-α and IL-12, sufficient to induce serum concentrations of both cytokines higher and more persistent than those obtained by injection of LPS, was not sufficient to induce IFN-γ production in vivo. Neutralizing anti-IL-12 antibodies, in addition to inhibiting the in vivo LPS-induced IFN-γ production, also completely protect BCG-primed mice injected with up to 10 μg of LPS from shock-induced death. Thus, IL-12 is required for IFN-γ production and lethality in an endotoxic shock model in mice.     

Associations between demographic variables and multiple measles-specific innate and cell-mediated immune responses after measles vaccination

Measles remains a public health concern due to a lack of vaccine use and vaccine failure. A better understanding of the factors that influence variations in immune responses, including innate/inflammatory and adaptive cellular immune responses, following measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination could increase our knowledge of measles vaccine-induced immunity and potentially lead to better vaccines. Measles-specific innate/inflammatory and adaptive cell-mediated immune (CMI) responses were characterized using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to quantify the levels of secreted IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-α, IFN-γ, IFN-λ1, and TNF-α in PBMC cultures following in vitro stimulation with measles virus (MV) in a cohort of 764 school-aged children. IFN-γ ELISPOT assays were performed to ascertain the number of measles-specific IFN-γ-secreting cells. Cytokine responses were then tested for associations with self-declared demographic data, including gender, race, and ethnicity. Females secreted significantly more TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-α (p<0.001, p<0.002, p<0.04, respectively) compared to males. Caucasians secreted significantly more IFN-λ1, IL-10, IL-2, TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-α (p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.003, p<0.01, and p<0.02, respectively) compared to the other racial groups combined. Additionally, Caucasians had a greater number of IFN-γ-secreting cells compared to other racial groups (p<0.001). Ethnicity was not significantly correlated with variations in measles-specific CMI measures. Our data suggest that innate/inflammatory and CMI cytokine responses to measles vaccine vary significantly by gender and race. These data further advance our understanding regarding inter-individual and subgroup variations in immune responses to measles vaccination.     

Suppression of IL-12 production by phosphodiesterase inhibition in murine endotoxemia is IL-10 independent

Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors are potent regulators of various immune processes. Immune cells contain type IV and type III PDE. Here we studied in mice the effects of rolipram, a selective PDE IV inhibitor, and amrinone, a selective PDE III blocker, on plasma levels of IL-12 (p70), IFN-γ, IL-1, TNF-α, and nitric oxide (NO) induced by intraperitoneal injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (80 mg/kg). Pretreatment of BALB/c mice with both rolipram (1 – 25 mg/kg) and amrinone (10 – 100 mg/kg) decreased plasma IL-12 levels in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, LPS-elicited plasma IFN-γ concentrations were suppressed by both rolipram and amrinone. However, LPS-induced plasma IL-1α levels were not affected by either of these compounds. In addition, rolipram inhibited IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α and nitrite/nitrate (breakdown products of NO) production in C57BL/6 IL-10^+/+ mice as well as in their IL-10-deficient counterparts (C57BL/6 IL-10^−/−). Our results suggest that rolipram and amrinone decrease the immune activation in endotoxemia through inhibition of the production of pro-inflammatory mediators IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α and NO. These effects are not the consequences of the increase in IL-10 production by PDE inhibition.     

Comparison of the effects of interleukin-1α, interleukin-lβ and interferon-γ-inducing factor on the production of interferon-γ by natural killer

Interferon-γ inducing factor (IGIF) is a recently identified cytokine which stimulates the production of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) by T cells and enhances natural killer (NK) cell cytolytic activity. Protein fold recognition, structure prediction and comparative modeling have revealed that IGIF is a member of the interleukin (IL)-1 cytokine family and has prompted the designation IL-1γ. Here we report functional similarities between members of the IL-1 family by comparing the effects of IL-1α, IL-1β and IGIF on NK cell production of IFN-γ. All three IL-1 types enhanced NK cell production of IFN-γ when induced by IL-2 or IL-12, although at high concentrations (>10 ng/ml), IGIF was five- to tenfold more potent than IL-1α or IL-1β. This effect correlated with enhanced levels of mRNA for IFN-γ when NK cells were stimulated with IGIF plus IL-12. In contrast to IL-12 and IL-2, the ability of IGIF to stimulate NK cell production of IFN-γ was not increased by IL-1α or IL-1β. The ability of IGIF to enhance IFN-γ production was independent of the type I and type II IL-1 receptors or the IL-1R accessory protein. Together, these results identify IGIF as a potent stimulator of NK cell production of IFN-γ and demonstrate that the effect of IGIF on NK cell production of IFN-γ is similar to that of IL-1α and IL-1β but distinct from that of IL-12.     

大鼠胰岛β细胞损伤中IL-18的作用研究

新生Wistar大鼠离体胰岛与细胞因子孵育后 ,观测胰岛素释放和一氧化氮 (NO )生成的变化 ,并用逆转录 聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR )观察IL 18受体信号链 (IL 18Rβ )mRNA的表达水平。结果表明 :(1) 0 6 2 5～ 10nmol/L基因重组小鼠 (rm )IL 18孵育胰岛 2 4h后 ,对累积的和葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素释放以及NO生成均无显著效应 ;(2 ) 2 0 0U/ml基因重组大鼠 (rr)γ干扰素 (IFN γ )或 2 5 0U/ml基因重组人 (rh )肿瘤坏死因子 α (TNF α)单独存在对胰岛素释放和NO生成均无明显效应 ,也不能促使 10nmol/LrmIL 18对胰岛素释放和NO生成产生影响 ;(3) 2 0 0U/mlrrIFN γ +2 5 0U/mlrhTNF α或 15pg/mlrhIL 1β均明显促进NO生成和抑制胰岛素释放 ,而 10nmol/LrmIL 18则不影响IFN γ +TNF α或IL 1β的上述效应 ;(4 )即使经IL 1β和 (或 )IFN γ +TNF α或IL 12孵育后 ,大鼠胰岛素瘤 (RIN )细胞或离体大鼠胰岛仍未见IL 18RβmRNA的表达。提示IL 18在细胞因子所致胰岛β细胞损伤中不发挥直接作用 ,原因是IL 18受体在胰岛 β细胞中不表达。     

银屑病患者治疗前后血清IL-2、TNF-α和IFN-γ测定的临床意义

目的：探讨银屑病患者治疗前后血清IL-2、TNF-α和IFN-γ水平的变化及临床意义。方法：应用放射免疫分析和酶联免疫法对37例银屑病患者进行治疗前后血清IL-2、TNF-α和IFN-γ测定,并与35名正常健康人作比较。结果：在治疗前血清IL-2水平显著地低于正常人组（P〈0.01）,而血清TNF-α、IFN-γ水平则显著地低高于正常人组（P〈0.01）,经治疗后3个月与正常人组比较仍有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论：IL-2、TNF-α和IFN-γ在银屑病的发生、发展过程中相互作用,观察其浓度的变化及探讨其发病机理,预防和指导用药均有重要的临床价值。