自体砧骨听骨链成形术的听力重建效果

目的探讨以自体砧骨重建听骨链的开放式IIIa型鼓室成形术的听力改善疗效。方法回顾性收集16例(16耳)因慢性化脓性中耳炎或胆脂瘤中耳炎接受开放式Ⅲa型鼓室成形术患者的临床资料,所有病例均采用自体砧骨进行听骨链重建。术后随访3-6个月,评估患者手术后听力改善情况,分析指标为手术前后言语频率的纯音听阈及气骨导差。结果所有均达到干耳。纯音气导听阈从术前的45.2到干耳。降至术后的30.6的干耳。纯音气导听阈(P<0.05)。术前、术后气骨导差分别为33.1、术后7dB及19.8、术后7dB分别为从术前的析,其中气骨导差小于20dB者占62.5%(10/16)。结论在本组病例中,以自体砧骨行听骨链重建开放式Ⅲa型鼓室成形术,获得了较好的近期听力改善效果,其远期疗效有待于进一步观察。     

鼓室成形术后主观听力改善与纯音测听结果关系的研究

目的 探讨慢性化脓性中耳炎鼓室成形术后主观听力改善与纯音测听结果的关系.方法 随访2000～2006年行鼓室成形术后1、3和5年的患者288例,复查纯音测听结果,并记录患者日常生活中听力改善情况.结果 鼓室成形术后,83.3%的患者(240/288)气骨导差在20 dBHL以内,85.8%患者(247/288)术后主观听力有明显改善.术后气导听阈下降小于或等于10 dBHL无实质性变化的患者中54.2%有主观听力改善;术后气导听阈下降30 dBHL时,100%的患者主观听力改善.结论 鼓室成形术前术后的气骨导差值、气导听阈值的变化,结合患者听力改变的主观感觉,可作为判断慢性化脓性中耳炎患者鼓室成形术后听力情况的评估手段.     

三种不同材料应用于慢性中耳炎听力重建的疗效观察

目的:探讨不同类型听骨赝复体应用于慢性中耳炎听力重建的疗效。方法:143例(143耳)慢性中耳炎患者分别用钛合金人工听骨(A组,52例)、羟基磷灰石人工听骨(B组,47例)和自体骨(C组,44例)在开放式鼓室成形术中重建听力。随访24个月以上,比较3组术后并发症及0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0kHz纯音平均听阈、平均气骨导差和听力重建成功率。结果:术后12个月,3组气导平均听阈、平均气骨导差均较术前缩小(均P<0.05),A组重建成功率(78.7%)略优于B、C组(68.1%、70.4%),差异无统计学意义。术后24个月,B、C组气导平均听阈、平均气骨导差与术后12个月比较,均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);B、C组重建成功率(48.9%、45.5%)均低于A组(76.9%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:应用钛合金人工听骨在开放式鼓室成形术中行Ⅰ期听力重建,对提高听力更有效,稳定性强,并发症少。     

比较自体听骨与多孔高分子聚乙烯听骨对鼓室成形术后骨导听力的影响

目的　比较自体听骨与多孔高分子聚乙烯听骨对鼓室成形术后骨导听力改变的临床疗效。方法　回顾分析我科2008～2012年72例使用自体听骨与多孔高分子聚乙 烯听骨进行开放式Ⅲa型鼓室成形术听骨链重建患者的临床资料,利用纯音测听对患者手术前后0.5、1、2和4 kHz频率处的骨导听阈进行比较。结果　两组手术术前骨导听阈有提高,术后各个频率骨导听力均有改善,2 kHz最明显,其次是1 kHz;多孔高分子聚乙烯听骨植入组术后各个频率骨导听阈改善幅度大于自体听骨植入组;对两组病程小于10年与大于10年进行平均骨导听阈比较,发现病程长短在对比两组患者手术后骨导听阈改善中无统计学差异。结论　开放式Ⅲa型鼓室成形术中采用自体听骨与多孔高分子聚乙烯听骨均能改善骨导听力,后者效果更好。     

开放式鼓室成形术中听骨链重建效果及其影响因素

目的 探讨胆脂瘤中耳炎患者行开放式鼓室成形伴听骨链重建的效果和影响因素.方法 分析142例胆脂瘤患者,行开放式鼓室成形术伴一期听骨链重建,随访24月,记录术后并发症、纯音平均听阈、平均气骨导差和听力重建成功率.结果随访期间未发现鼓膜内陷袋形成及胆脂瘤复发,术后干耳率达96.5%,听骨赝复物脱出4例(2.8%),气导平均听阈降低11.6dB,气骨导差较术前缩小7.4dB,70例患者气骨导差<20dB,听力重建总成功率达49.3%.听力重建成功的关键主要取决于术腔感染控制、咽鼓管功能、病变范围、听骨赝复物材料和手术技术.结论 虽然影响因素较多,开放式鼓室成形伴一期听骨链重建仍是胆脂瘤中耳炎患者安全有效的术式,术后并发症少,复发率低,听力重建效果令人满意.     

羟基磷灰石与钛合金听骨赝复物应用于胆脂瘤中耳炎听力重建效果比较

目的 探讨不同材料和类型听骨赝复物应用于胆脂瘤中耳炎听力重建的疗效.方法 对142例(142耳)胆脂瘤中耳炎患者分别用钛合金(64例)和羟基磷灰石(78例)作为听骨赝复物行开放式鼓室成形及听力重建术,两组再分别分为部分听骨赝复物亚组和全听骨赝复物亚组,随访12个月,比较两组0.5、1、2、4 kHz纯音平均听阈、平均气骨导差和听力重建成功率.结果钛合金组和羟基磷灰石组气导平均昕阈分别降低11.88、11.41 dB,气骨导差分别缩小7.80、6.98 dB,手术成功率分别为54.69%、44.87%,前者较后者效果略优,但无统计学差异.从4 kHz平均听阈及气骨导差看,钛合金组的部分和全听骨赝复物亚组手术成功率(分别为63.33%和61.76%)高于总体.部分听骨赝复物亚组术后听力学结果优于全听骨赝复物亚组.结论 开放式鼓室成形术伴一期听力重建术治疗胆脂瘤型中耳炎,应用钛合金和羟基磷灰石听骨雁复物对术后听力康复均有效,前者对于4kHz听力的提高可能更有效.     

上鼓室填塞术在开放式鼓室成形术中的应用

目的 探讨上鼓室填塞术在开放式鼓室成形术中的作用.方法 2010年～2015年对100例(100耳)慢性化脓性中耳炎患者行开放式鼓室成形术,术中均采用自体骨粉填塞上鼓室,术后6个月复查纯音听阈,随访1～5年,观察术后术腔及听力恢复情况.结果 100例(100耳)中,术后1～6月发生术腔感染5耳,术后1年再次发生内陷袋1耳;0.5、1、2 kHz气导纯音平均听阈由术前的43.2±2.3 dB HL下降至术后的29.8±1.7 dB HL(P＜0.01),术后气骨导差较术前缩小10.6±0.5 dB (P＜0.01).结论 开放式鼓室成形术中上鼓室自体骨粉填塞可以防止术后内陷袋再次形成,术后听力恢复满意,但前提是必须彻底清除病变.     

慢性化脓性中耳炎患者鼓室成形术后骨导听力的改变

目的探讨合并骨导听力下降的慢性化脓性中耳炎患者鼓室成形术后骨导听力的变化及其相关因素。方法回顾性分析54例（61耳）合并骨导听力下降的慢性化脓性中耳炎行鼓室成形术患者的临床资料,分析患者术前、术后0．5、1、2、4kHz骨导听力的变化及其与病程、是否合并胆脂瘤、术式、是否行听骨链重建的关系。结果61耳术前骨导平均听力在4kHz处损害最为严重,术后4个频率听力均有不同程度的提高,提高幅度以2kHz处最为显著,术后骨导改善阳性（4个频率无一频率骨导听力下降,且有至少二个频率的骨导听力提高10dB以上）有32耳,阳性率为52．5%。病程长短及是否伴有胆脂瘤与术后骨导听力改善与否无明显相关。行听骨链重建的病例骨导听力提高明显优于未行听骨链重建病例。未行乳突切开的鼓室成形术和保留外耳道后壁的乳突切开鼓室成形术患者术后骨导改善较切除外耳道后壁的乳突切开鼓室成形术患者明显。结论伴骨导听力下降的慢性化脓性中耳炎经鼓室成形术后部分患者骨导听力可以提高,其术后听力改善程度与病程长短及是否伴有胆脂瘤无关,与手术方式有关。     

单侧听力耳鼓室成形术的临床探讨

目的分析单侧听耳患者的鼓室成形术,了解手术方法和手术疗效。方法对9耳慢性化脓性中耳炎胆脂瘤型进行了乳突根治术加鼓室成形术,对37耳慢性化脓性中耳炎单纯型和中耳炎后遗症进行鼓室成形术,并比较术后效果。手术后3个月~1年之间进行术后听力评价。结果46耳单侧听力耳术前言语频率气导平均听阈为60.2±23.1dB HL,骨导听阈35.7±17.0dB HL;手术后的平均气导听阈为51.3±22.6dB HL,骨导听阈为36.3±10.6dB HL。鼓室成形术后疗效评定:37耳外耳道宽敞,人工鼓膜完整,血运好,近正常鼓膜色泽;纯音测听500~2000Hz平均气导听力改善23例(62.16%,23/37),听力不变13例(35.14%,13/37),听力恶化(下降10dB以上)1例(2.70%,1/37)。乳突根治术加鼓室成形术后疗效评定:9耳术腔干洁,人工鼓膜完整,血运好,近正常鼓膜色;纯音测听500~2000Hz平均气导听力改善5例(56.56%,5/9),听力不变4例(44.44%,4/9)。结论各型慢性化脓性中耳炎都可作为单侧听力耳的手术适应症。手术时只要注意手术技巧,认真仔细,一般不会造成手术后骨导听力的下降。术后干耳和保持原有听力是手术的最终目的。     

经典Wullstein Ⅲ型鼓室成形术在慢性化脓性中耳炎手术中的应用分析

目的：探讨经典Wullstein Ⅲ型鼓室成形术在慢性化脓性中耳炎手术中的适应证及其术后听力效果。方法回顾性分析行开放式Ⅲ型鼓室成形术的患者34例（34耳）,患者均有听骨链破坏而镫骨结构完整,鼓膜内陷与镫骨头或砧骨豆状突直接连接,根据术中是否植入钛合金部分人工听骨（partial ossicular replacement prosthesis,PORP）分为两组, Wullstein Ⅲ型鼓室成形术（Ⅲ型组）11例和植入钛合金部分人工听骨（PORP组）23例。分别比较两组术后0.5、1、2和4 kHz的平均气导听阈、平均气骨导差的变化情况。结果Ⅲ型组患者术前平均气导听阈为46.59±16.60 dB HL,术后为34.89±10.34 dB HL,气导听阈提高11.70±19.30 dB HL;PORP组术前平均气导听阈为44.23±12.31 dB HL,术后为37.08±14.36 dB HL,提高7.14±14.39 dB HL;Ⅲ型组术前平均气骨导差（air-bone gap,ABG）为23.98±13.08 dB HL,术后为16.25±6.98 dB HL,缩小7.73±14.93 dB HL;PORP型组术前平均ABG为26.58±10.27 dB HL,术后为19.40±13.28 dB HL,缩小7.17±13.63 dB HL。两组患者在气导听阈提高值及ABG缩小的差异均无显著统计学意义（P＆gt;0.05）。结论开放式鼓室成形术中,如果鼓膜内陷与镫骨头或砧骨豆状突形成连接,可以予以保留,短期随访术后听力水平与植入PORP重建听骨链的效果相当,长期效果还需随访观察。     

Frequency-specific hearing results after surgery for chronic ear diseases

Objectives

To analyze frequency-specific hearing results after surgery for chronic ear diseases while considering pathological findings and various surgical factors.

Methods

Patients who underwent surgical management of chronic otitis media were reviewed retrospectively (n=559). Using pure tone audiometry, air conduction (AC), bone conduction (BC), and air bone gap (ABG) change between pre- and post-operative tests were calculated for the frequencies of 250, 500, 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000 (AC and BC), and 6,000 Hz (AC). Frequency-specific results were investigated, considering various surgical factors, such as type of surgery, type of ossiculoplasty and pathological findings.

Results

AC results in the intact canal wall mastoidectomy showed improvement at each frequency except 4,000, 6,000 Hz. AC results in the tympanoplasty showed improvement at each frequency except 6,000 Hz. AC and ABG results in the open cavity mastoidectomy showed improvement only at the frequencies of 250, 500, 2,000 Hz. AC and ABG improved at low and mid frequencies but not in high frequencies above 3,000 Hz when ossicular reconstruction was conducted. AC and ABG results also improved at low and mid frequencies in the cholesteatoma, and ABG results improved at all frequencies except 3,000 Hz in the non-cholesteatoma.

Conclusion

After chronic ear surgery, AC and ABG changes improved, primarily in the low and mid frequencies. Further evaluation and studies for post-operative hearing loss at high frequencies are recommended for rehabilitation of hearing ability after surgery.     

保留乳突的改良完壁式鼓室成形术的临床疗效观察

目的 探讨局限于上鼓室区病变的慢性化脓性中耳炎、中耳胆脂瘤行上鼓室径路保留乳突的改良完壁式鼓室成形术的长期临床疗效.方法 诊断慢性化脓性中耳炎、中耳胆脂瘤47例(47耳)患者,结合患者专科检查,依据手术方式不同分A、B两组,A组行上鼓室径路保留乳突的改良完壁式鼓室成形术,B组行完壁式乳突切开+鼓室成形术.术后随访5～7...     

Effect of esterified hyaluronic acid as middle ear packing in tympanoplasty for adhesive otitis media

Objectives: The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of middle ear packing agents (MEPA) on post-operative hearing improvement and complications after tympanoplasty in patients with adhesive otitis media (OM).

Materials and methods: Patients with adhesive OM who underwent tympanoplasty surgery were enrolled in the study between January 2012 and January 2015. A total of 205 patients who received canal wall-down tympanoplasty with ossicular chain reconstruction were randomized into one of the three groups with different MEPA. Group 1 (n?=?72) received MeroGel as the MEPA, Group 2 (n?=?64) cartilage, and Group 3 (n?=?69) both. Air conduction (AC) and bone conduction (BC) thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4?kHz were measured, and air-bone gaps (ABG) were analyzed before and after the surgery for each patient.

Results: Mean pre- and post-operative ABG was 30.9?dB and 17.6?dB in Group 1, 31.4?dB and 21.9?dB in Group 2, and 32.2?dB and 19.1?dB in Group 3. The ABG closure was 13.3?±?7.5 in Group 1, 9.5?±?5.9 in Group 2, and 13.1?±?9.3 in Group 3. The improvement of ABG after surgery was statistically significant in all three groups (p?p?Conclusions: Tympanoplasty using esterified hyaluronic acid (i.e. MeroGel) or cartilage as the MEPA resulted in improved hearing for patients with conductive hearing loss due to adhesive OM. Using MeroGel as the MEPA appeared to achieve a better post-operative outcome than using cartilage.     

Tympanoplasty

We review many aspects of tympanoplasty, including physiologic principles and our philosophy regarding the treatment of chronic otitis media. We then describe the various techniques of tympanoplasty that we currently use and indications for each technique. Hearing results after 388 tympanoplasty procedures in which the middle ear was judged as being aerated postoperatively are presented. The best hearing results occurred after type I tympanoplasty. An intact stapes was a positive prognostic indicator when the ossicular chain had to be reconstructed. There were no differences in hearing outcomes between canal wall-up and canal wall-down procedures.     

完壁式乳突根治鼓室成形术治疗胆脂瘤中耳炎

目的:探讨完壁式乳突根治鼓室成形术治疗胆脂瘤中耳炎的临床效果和相关的经验教训.方法:对57例胆脂瘤中耳炎患者实施完壁式乳突根治鼓室成形术.结果:随访1～8年,平均3.7年.术后5例感染流脓,其中3例经及时处理得到控制并愈合,2例二次手术处理后愈合;3例术后因胆脂瘤复发行开放式乳突手术获干耳;鼓膜完整但有内陷者29例,其中2级内陷者13例;术后8个月及1年人工听骨脱出各1例.术后言语频率气导听阈降低>10 dB HL为72.2%(39/54),气骨导差<20 dB HL为53.7%(29/54),气骨导差缩小25 dB HL以上占42.6%(23/54).结论:施行完壁式乳突根治鼓室成形术,如果适应证掌握得当,技术条件许可,患者能按时随访.可以有效保留原中耳乳突解剖结构和改善听力,提高患者生活质量,应予优先选择该术式.     

Effects of packing on the postoperative hearing after middle ear surgery

CONCLUSION: The changes of hearing by packing after middle ear surgery should be anticipated and carefully interpreted. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the amount and patterns of hearing loss resulting from packing in middle ear cavity (MEC) and external auditory canal (EAC) after middle ear surgery. METHOD: We obtained pure tone thresholds by bone (BC) and air conduction (AC) up to 12 weeks after middle ear surgery in 17 patients who had minimal middle ear pathology. To observe the effects of packing only in the EAC as in cases of explorative tympanotomy or stapes surgery, BC and AC threshold were obtained after packing only in the EAC in 18 volunteers. The changes of BC and AC thresholds in terms of pure tone average (PTA) and high frequency PTA were analyzed. RESULTS: PTA by AC increased significantly by a maximal value of 38.7 dB at the second postoperative day, by 35.0 dB at 1 week after middle ear surgery. PTA by BC also increased maximally at the second postoperative day by 4.8 dB. The elevation of BC threshold at high frequencies (2, 3, 4 kHz) was more pronounced. Packing of EAC without MEC packing resulted in elevation of AC threshold by 43.0 dB, with similar patterns of BC threshold changes as MEC and EAC packing.     

Comparison of umbo velocity in air- and bone-conduction

This study investigates the ossicular motion produced by bone-conducted (BC) sound in live human ears. Laser Doppler Vibrometry was used to measure air conduction (AC)- and BC-induced umbo velocity (V(U)) in both ears of 10 subjects, 20 ears total. Sound pressure in the ear canal (P(EC)) was measured simultaneously. For air conduction, V(U) at standard hearing threshold level was calculated. For BC, ΔV was defined as the difference between V(U) and the tympanic ring velocity (an estimate of the skull velocity measured in the ear canal). ΔV and P(EC) at BC standard hearing threshold were calculated. ΔV at standard BC threshold was significantly smaller than V(U) at standard AC threshold between 500?Hz and 2000?Hz. Ear canal pressure at BC threshold tended to be smaller than for AC below 3000?Hz (with significant differences at 1000?Hz and 2000?Hz). Our results are most consistent with inertia of the ossicles and cochlear fluid driving BC hearing below 500?Hz, but with other mechanisms playing a significant role at higher frequencies. Sound radiated into the external ear canal might contribute to BC hearing at 3000?Hz and above.     

完壁加盾板修复等多种技术治疗中耳胆脂瘤效果分析

目的 分析观察完壁法加盾板修复等多种技术治疗中耳胆脂瘤的效果.方法 2001年9月至2006年1月手术的113例中耳胆脂瘤患者,男60例,女53例;双耳11例,共124耳.其中11耳经2次手术,1耳经3次,共137耳次手术.手术采取耳内切口,保留外耳道后壁,综合采用气钻铣切割耳道整块取骨、自体骨制臼柱枪柱听骨、鼓索弹压听骨、透明质酸酯膜防粘连、轮廓化清除病灶、耳道壁(盾板)重建、上鼓室乳突再气化、早期咽鼓管吹张等多种技术.平均随访(36.58±20.47)个月.术后随访的气骨导差＜20 dB,或术后气骨导差虽＞20 dB,但气导＜40 dB者为手术成功.术后气骨导差＜10 dB,或气骨导差虽＞10 dB但手术前后气骨导差的差值＞30 dB为显效;其余为有效.结果 术后118耳(95.2%)没有胆脂瘤复发,112耳(90.3%)具有正常耳道,鼓膜愈合.胆脂瘤复发6耳、听力下降5耳、鼓膜再穿孔1耳共计12耳再手术并随访＞12个月.112耳只经一次手术者术前气骨导差为(33.61±12.35)dB,术后气骨导差为(13.58±9.27)dB,差异有统计学意义(t=18.35,P＜0.01).12耳再手术者首次术前的气骨导差(38.83±12.43)dB,最后随访的气骨导差(10.38±8.99)dB,与首次术前相比,差异有极显著统计学意义(t=5.38,P＜0.001).手术有效47耳(37.9%),手术显效59耳(47.6%).手术成功共106耳(85.5%).骨导变化:术前平均骨导阈为(17.3±13)dB,与随访平均骨导阈(15.15±11.79)dB比较,差异统计学意义(t=4.77,P＜0.01).其中骨导阈上升21耳(16.93%),不变42耳(33.87%),下降61耳(49.19%).10例19岁以下患者术后气骨导差为(8.80±5.27)dB,听力全部达到成功.结论 完壁法加盾板修复等多种技术治疗中耳胆脂瘤,术后大多数不仅可以获得安全、干耳和正常的耳道,绝大多数听力可改善甚至恢复正常.复发率低,且复发后用同样的治疗方法仍能获得很好效果.对少年儿童能保持生理的耳道和听力,尤其有益.多种技术采用对骨导亦是安全的.