远端半针Ilizarov外固定器结合微创截骨术治疗膝内翻畸形

 目的 探讨远端半针Ilizarov外固定器结合微创截骨术矫治膝内翻畸形的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2002年2月至2010年5月收治的31例膝内翻畸形患者的病例,男8例,女23例;年龄18~69岁,平均35.6岁;单侧6例,双侧25例,共56膝。术前膝内翻角度为7.7°~38.2°,平均17.0°±8.8°。根据美国膝关节关节协会评分（knee society score, KSS）为34~100分,平均（86.2±18.5）分。确定成角旋转中心与截骨矫形的位置,在胫骨畸形交点处用微创截骨器截骨,腓骨在头下截骨。安装术前已组装好的Ilizarov外固定器,通过调整伸缩内、外侧支架螺杆的长度渐进矫正内翻畸形。采用X线检查及膝关节KSS临床评分,结合行走时自我感觉及有无并发症等4项内容综合评价临床疗效。结果 患者佩戴Ilizarov外固定器的时间为9~20周,平均12周;随访时间14~50.4个月,平均30.5个月。末次随访时膝内翻角度为-3°~2.4°,平均1.7°±0.9°;膝关节KSS评分为75~100分,平均（96.1±7.7）分,其中优49例,良6例,可1例,优良率为98.2%（55/56）。11例患者术后早期发生轻度针道感染,经常规换药后感染控制;3例术后发生针道松动,经更换针道后恢复固定强度。结论 远端半针Ilizarov外固定器结合微创截骨术矫治膝内翻畸形具有微创、安全、动态矫形及符合美学要求的特点,临床效果满意。     

Ilizarov外固定器矫正膝关节畸形

 目的 总结Ilizarov外固定器矫正膝关节畸形的临床特点与效果。方法 回顾性分析2003年5月至2010年4月,采用Ilizarov外固定器矫正膝关节畸形的21例（22膝）患者资料,男12例,女9例;年龄8~38岁,平均20.3岁。致畸原因：儿麻后遗症4例,烧伤后遗畸形2例,骨髓炎后遗畸形2例,创伤后遗畸形9例,Blount病2例,多发性骨软骨瘤病2例。其中软组织屈曲挛缩5例,采用跨关节铰链Ilizarov支架组合,后侧逐步牵伸矫正;单纯骨性成角畸形8例（9膝）、骨性成角畸形伴骨短缩7例,采用4柱铰链支架组合,先矫正成角畸形,再牵伸延长矫正骨短缩;骨与软组织复合畸形1例,采用以上两种支架的叠加组合。结果 21例患者佩戴Ilizarov支架的时间为12~36周,平均22.3周;拆除支架时膝关节畸形均获满意矫正,其中16例（17膝）截骨或骨延长者均获得坚实骨性愈合。所有患者均获6~86个月随访,平均32.1个月。关节活动度由术前的102.14°±49.36°改善为随访时126.90°±24.31°。根据日本骨科协会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA） 膝关节骨关节炎治疗效果判定标准评定患膝功能,术前为（50.24±23.64）分,随访时为（85.71±10.52）分。所有患者随访时均可不扶拐徒手行走,且均可独立生活。2例患膝关节活动度＜ 90°,不能下蹲。结论 Ilizarov外固定器矫正膝关节畸形疗效确切,具有手术创伤小,可随时灵活调整的优点,但也存在与长时间带架相关的缺点。     

Ilizarov骨搬移技术在胫骨骨折术后骨感染骨缺损中的应用

目的探讨Ilizarov骨搬移技术治疗胫骨骨折术后骨感染骨缺损的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2010-06—2013-06应用Ilizarov骨搬移技术治疗27例胫骨骨折术后骨感染。结果 27例术后均获得平均28(16~50)个月随访。骨搬移长度平均7.9(5~12)cm,搬移时间平均78(55~160)d,骨搬移停止至拆除外固定架时间平均180(95~220)d。出现针道感染2例,停止搬移,静点抗生素、对症处理后感染控制;出现牵张成骨区成骨不全1例,植骨后愈合;拆除外架后发生牵张成骨区骨折1例,经内固定后骨愈合;骨搬移停止后,对15例断端进行去除嵌压组织、新鲜化处理后断端骨性愈合,9例无需进一步手术,通过断端加压后骨愈合,3例加压固定3个月后无明显愈合表现,按照骨不连处理方案,应用手风琴技术处理后顺利愈合。结论应用Ilizarov骨搬移技术治疗胫骨骨折术后骨感染骨缺损可以取得满意的疗效,骨搬移过程中的环形固定器有利于畸形矫正,但患者对单边固定器有更好的耐受性。严谨的术前设计、精细的术中操作、耐心细致的术后随访是治疗成功的必要保证。     

Ilizarov技术结合矫形支具治疗复杂膝关节畸形的临床研究

[目的]研究、探讨在矫治膝关节畸形中,矫形支具与Ilizarov外固定器结合方法、优点与临床疗效.[方法] 2005年5月～ 2012年12月本科采用Ilizarov技术结合矫形支具治疗膝关节畸形患者36例36膝,其中男23例,女13例,左20例,右16例;年龄6～56岁,平均28岁;脊髓灰质炎后遗症膝反屈畸形17例,术中行腘绳肌紧缩后临时用组合式外固定器固定于屈膝20°位,术后2周拆除股骨外固定做大腿支具并用螺纹牵伸杆跨膝关节继续固定;小腿延长致膝关节屈曲畸形10例,直接做大腿支具跨膝关节固定,后侧用螺纹牵伸杆连接,可逐渐矫正屈膝畸形;膝内翻畸形合并外侧副韧带松弛8例,行胫骨截骨矫形,同期行外侧副韧带重建并用组合式外固定器固定膝关节,术后2周拆除股骨外固定改为大腿支具并用螺纹牵伸杆跨膝关节继续固定;血管瘤致屈膝畸形1例,采用股骨外固定器结合小腿支具牵拉矫正屈膝畸形.[结果] 36例患者中,32例获得8～60个月随访,平均19个月,所有膝关节畸形均获满意矫正,下肢负重力线恢复满意,截骨端愈合时间60 ～ 150 d,平均120 d;外固定针道感染5例,经局部换药处理好转;采用HSS评分系统进行评分,优18膝,良10膝,可4膝,优良率为87.5％.[结论]遵循Ilizarov技术原理,采用Ilizarov外固定器联合矫形支具的方法治疗合并有软组织因素的复杂膝关节畸形,可以获得满意的矫形结果及良好的膝关节功能;具有创伤小、固定灵活、制作简单等优点.     

不同骨延长器治疗肢体畸形并大段骨缺损

[目的]利用Ilizarov支架、Orthofix肢体重建系统（Orthofix LRS）及Hybrid固定系统（Hybrid Fixation System）与Orthofix LRS的组合，对不同的肢体畸形并大段骨缺损进行矫形及骨延长治疗，同时观察其疗效。[方法]自2000年8月-2004年3月分别用Ilizarov支架、Orthofix LRS及Hybrid支架与Orthofix LRS的组合进行骨痂牵开／骨段滑移治疗合并肢体畸形的大段骨缺损。畸形处采用线形／楔形截骨。畸形愈合并骨短缩者楔形截骨后进行骨痂牵开骨延长术，骨不连并畸形及短缩者接合点加压与截骨矫形骨段滑移延长同时进行。[结果]矫正股骨短缩畸形7cm1例，胫骨6例，内翻畸形2例，后成角畸形2例，混合畸形2例。平均延长5．3cm（4．5—7cm），平均延长时间3．5个月，平均延长后外固定时间7个月，无神经血管损伤，膝踝关节活动未受影响。[结论]Ilizarov支架、Orthofix LRS、Hybrid固定系统与Orthofix LRS的组合用于骨痂牵开／骨段滑移治疗合并肢体畸形的大段骨缺损均能达到矫形及骨延长的治疗目的。Orthofix LRS及Hybrid固定系统与Orthofix LRS的组合较Ilizarov支架操作简便，安全可靠，患者乐于接受。     

Ilizarov外固定技术治疗多发性骨软骨瘤致前臂畸形

[目的]介绍Ilizarov外固定治疗多发性骨软骨瘤致前臂畸形的手术技术。[方法] 2014年7月～2017年7月收治6例多发性骨软骨瘤前臂畸形患者,男2例,女4例,年龄6～20岁,平均(12.72±5.23)岁;应用Ilizarov外固定器行尺骨牵伸延长、桡骨截骨矫形等处理,1例患者同期行尺骨远端骨软骨瘤切除术,1例患者同期行桡骨近端骨软骨瘤切除术。[结果]患者前臂畸形矫正满意;尺骨近端延长25～35 mm,平均(30.00±5.00) mm,均达到骨性愈合,未见延迟愈合;桡骨截骨矫形良好、截骨端骨性愈合;腕关节尺偏畸形得到大部分纠正,下尺桡关节复位,前臂旋转功能明显恢复,腕关节及肘关节活动功能明显改善。术后1例患者出现轻度屈腕畸形,予以配置辅具与前臂外固定器相结合很快纠正并有效预防复发。[结论] Ilizarov外固定技术治疗多发性骨软骨瘤致前臂畸形的临床效果满意,具有创伤小、并发症少、操作简便灵活等优点。     

无植骨Ilizarov外固定技术治疗股骨萎缩性骨不连

目的探讨无植骨Ilizarov外固定技术治疗股骨萎缩性骨不连的临床疗效。方法回顾分析2010年10月—2017年1月收治的12例股骨萎缩性骨不连患者临床资料,男8例,女4例;年龄24～61岁,平均41.7岁。7例骨不连位于股骨中上段,5例位于股骨远端或髁上。病程1～9年,平均3.7年。既往手术1～9次,平均2.8次。手术取出原固定物,清理骨不连骨折端,安装Ilizarov环形外固定器,骨缺损长度4 cm者术中直接加压固定;患侧肢体较健侧短缩2.5 cm者术中行股骨近端闭合截骨加装骨延长组件,备术后肢体延长;所有患者未植骨。记录患者外固定器佩戴时间、骨不连临床愈合时间、并发症发生情况;采用Paley等的骨不连评价标准评价疗效。结果术后患者均获随访,随访时间24～50个月,平均30个月。12例骨不连均达临床愈合,愈合时间6.0～23.5个月,平均11.5个月。外固定器佩戴时间为7～25个月,平均13.5个月。末次随访时采用Paley等的骨不连评价标准,优6例、良4例、可2例,优良率83.3%。4例股骨成角畸形7°,伸膝功能无明显影响,未再行截骨手术等特殊处理。2例术后患侧肢体短缩2.5 cm,通过穿补高鞋替代;4例跨膝关节固定患者术后膝关节活动度丢失10～30°;10例发生针道感染,其中4例感染并固定针松动者给予拔针后更换位置重新固定,余6例感染但固定针未松动者通过局部换药、针道护理及口服抗炎药物感染控制。无深部感染和血管神经损伤等并发症发生。结论 Ilizarov外固定技术治疗股骨萎缩性骨不连骨愈合率较高,相对微创、无需植骨,初步临床效果确切,对于多次手术失败的患者同样有效。治疗时需要重视术后外固定器护理及康复训练。     

成人胫骨缺损新分型与骨搬移治疗策略:附58例报告

背景:胫骨缺损常合并软组织损伤、肢体畸形、不等长等问题。目前的临床分型并不能涵盖一些复杂胫骨缺损情况。目的:从Ilizarov骨搬移技术角度探讨成人非感染性胫骨缺损临床新分型及治疗策略。方法:分析2000年4月至2017年1月应用Ilizarov骨搬移技术治疗的58例成人无感染性胫骨缺损。依据胫骨缺损的长度、部位、是否合并畸形以及相应的Ilizarov骨搬移手段分为5个类型。Ⅰ型:1 cm<中下/上段骨缺损≤6 cm,无明显成角畸形。采用胫骨单节段截骨,向缺损端搬移。Ⅱ型:6 cm<中下/上段骨缺损≤10 cm,无明显成角畸形。采用双节段截骨同步向缺损端骨搬移。Ⅲ型:6 cm<中段骨缺损≤10 cm,无明显成角畸形,胫骨上、下双节段截骨,向心性骨搬移。Ⅳ型:6 cm<上、下两段缺损≤10 cm,中段残留活骨≥6 cm,无明显成角畸形。将胫骨中间残留的一段活骨2处截骨,成为3块骨,中间骨块固定作为两块骨搬移再生的"母骨"支点,上下两段骨块反向分离牵拉,一期修复上下2区骨缺损。Ⅴ型:胫骨缺损>10 cm,合并骨干>7°成角畸形。采用腓骨上下两处截骨,先纵向牵拉使胫骨缺损间隙加大、成角畸形矫正,再横向牵拉将腓骨中间段搬移至胫骨缺损处,使其腓骨胫骨化。观察5个临床分型组骨缺损修复骨愈合、畸形矫正、有无肢体短缩等并发症、汇合端愈合情况等。拆除外固定后随访,采用改良Paley骨不连评价标准进行评价。结果:55例患者获得随访,随访时间24~104个月,平均(32.0±21.4)个月。所有患者均实现骨缺损修复并最终骨性愈合,骨愈合指数35~60d/cm,平均(49.0±6.4)d/cm。1例Ⅳ型,4例Ⅴ型患者术后肢体短缩>2.5 cm(2.7~3.5 cm)。末次随访无>7°局部畸形病例。未发生1例深部感染、血管神经损伤等并发症。17例因汇合端骨愈合迟缓,二次手术取自体髂骨植骨。带外固定架时间5~28个月。治疗效果:优41例、良11例、可3例,优良率94.5%(52/55)。结论:成人胫骨缺损新分型既有利于病情评估亦利于制定合理的治疗方案。针对不同类型制定的个体化骨搬移重建方法,可一期手术修复骨缺损、矫正畸形、延长肢体,临床疗效显著,值得推广。     

可调组合式下肢外固定支架的改良及临床应用

目的 介绍自制可调组合式下肢畸形外固定支架系列构型,探讨该装置的临床应用原则.方法 在Ilizamv环形外固定支架的基础上,根据国人下肢畸形矫正与重建的需要及便于医生穿针安装操作的要求,将组合式外固定支架的配件与 Ilizarov环形外固定支架结合,加入弹簧牵伸装置与螺纹半针固定技术,研制了管状骨微创截骨矫形的工具,并根据下肢残缺畸形的特点,术前预先设计组装好个体化矫形器械.自2004年1月至2010年12月,应用改良Ilizarov外固定矫形器治疗下肢畸形患者146例,男95例,女51倒;年龄3.6～61.0岁,平均33.4岁;髋部畸形18例,膝关节屈曲畸形49例,膝关节周围股骨外翻畸形10例,胫骨内翻畸形46例,胫骨骨缺损、骨不连伴复合畸形23例结果 患者术后获8 ～46个月(平均28.6个月)随访.139例下肢畸形获得矫正、下肢力线基本恢复,行走功能明显提高.1例患者术后截骨端出现位移,重新调整外固定支架后纠正;2例膝关节周围内外翻畸形尚残留10°～ 15°内翻;3例在骨延长过程中出现膝关节屈曲功能障碍.4例患者出现术后针道感染.髋部畸形按Harris评分标准:由术前(36.91±3.14)分提高为(86.25±2.26)分;49例膝关节屈膝畸形完全矫正;胫骨骨不连处及新生骨均愈合,功能基本恢复.结论 改良的下肢畸形外固定矫形支架具有Ilizarov环形外固定器的主要功能,可满足下肢多数畸形矫正、残缺修复与功能重建的需要,临床应用能达到预期治疗目标,适合在临床中进一步推广.     

KW组合式外固定骨延长器在下肢截骨延长及骨迁移中的应用

[目的]探讨一种新型的组合式外固定延长系统在肢体短缩畸形及骨缺损中应用的方法及治疗效果。[方法]在Hoffmann II型外固定器基础上,设计出新型的KW组合式外固定骨延长器,并治疗15例肢体短缩及骨缺损患者。肢体短缩者10例,平均短缩8.7 cm(6.0～22);外伤性骨骺损伤后遗症4例,骨髓炎后遗症所致下肢不等长3例,其中4例肢体延长同时行预防性跟腱延长术,1例合并足外翻畸形行胫距关节融合术矫正,3例合并膝内翻畸形,同期或先行膝内翻截骨矫形手术;3例脊髓灰质炎后遗症合并马蹄内翻足畸形,行三踝关节融合术矫正。应用骨迁移技术治疗骨缺损患者5例,平均骨缺损长度7.3 cm(5.0～8.5 cm),其中2例合并足下垂,延长同时行跟腱延长术矫正。[结果]所有患者均达到术前预定的肢体延长长度,下肢畸形得以矫正,骨缺损修复。平均延长或迁移7.5 cm(5.5～21 cm),平均外固定时间89 d(68～343 d);平均外固定指数16.3 d/cm(9.0～32.5 d/cm),平均骨愈合指数39 d/cm(30～62 d/cm)。[结论]KW组合式外固定骨延长器操作简单,是用于治疗肢体短缩畸形和骨缺损的理想器械。     

Correction of lunate malalignment when bone grafting scaphoid nonunion with humpback deformity: rationale and results of a technique revisited

Patients with scaphoid nonunion with humpback deformity and collapse of the wrist were treated with palmar wedge bone grafting combined with reduction of the lunate to correct the dorsal intercalated segment instability deformity. Union was obtained at an average of 3 months, and patient satisfaction with functional outcome and pain relief was high. Palmar wedge bone grafting combined with correction of lunate malalignment successfully achieved scaphoid union, restored scaphoid length, and avoided the potential complication of scaphoid malunion. This report revisits a technique that facilitates accurate correction of lunate malalignment (dorsal intercalated segment instability) by initial reduction and pin fixation to the radius before insertion of scaphoid bone graft and internal fixation.     

Distraction histogenesis for hypertrophic nonunion of the tibia with deformity and shortening

The results of distraction histogenesis using Ilizarov techniques for 18 consecutive patients were evaluated. There were 13 male and 5 female patients. Their ages ranged from 11 to 74 years (average 36.8 years). All patients presented with established hypertrophic nonunion of the tibia, associated deformity ≥15° and leg shortening. There were no cases of active infection at the time of our treatment. The procedure included fibular osteotomy, application of a pre-constructed Ilizarov frame. Controlled distraction was done until complete deformity correction and equalization of leg length. Weight bearing was allowed during treatment. All patients (100%) had their nonunions consolidated with deformity correction and restoration of the normal mechanical axis of the limb. The leg length discrepancy was corrected in all cases. The follow up ranged from 29 to 50 months (average 37.2 month) after fixator removal. Distraction histogenesis, using Ilizarov techniques, is a reliable method for consolidation of hypertrophic nonunion, deformity correction and equalization of leg length all in one procedure through minimal surgical interference.     

Distal tibial hypertrophic nonunion with deformity: treatment by fixator-assisted acute deformity correction and LCP fixation

Distal tibial hypertrophic nonunion with angular deformity has been successfully treated by circular external fixator. The inconvenience of the bulky external fixator and frequent pin tract infection would not be accepted in certain cases. This study included thirteen patients (mean age 39 years) with angular deformity of the distal dia-/metaphyseal tibial shaft. Five patients were originally treated by interlocking nail, three were treated by plate and screws fixation, four treated conservatively and one had deformity secondary to fracture of a lengthening regenerate. All patients were treated by osteotomy and acute correction of the deformity using temporary unilateral fixator and internal fixation by a locking compression plate (LCP). The external fixator was removed at the end of surgery. The results were evaluated both clinically and radiologically. All osteotomies healed within 3 (2–4) months. All patients were able to work within an average of 2.3 months. The function of the upper ankle joint was unrestricted in twelve cases, and in 1 case there was a mild functional deficit. The mean follow-up was 60 months (24–120). The frontal plane alignment parameters (the mechanical axis deviation, the lateral distal tibial angle and the medial proximal tibial angle) and the sagittal alignment parameters (the posterior proximal tibial angle and the anterior distal tibial angle) were within normal values postoperatively. No cases of deep infection or failure of fixation were encountered. Acute correction of distal tibial shaft hypertrophic nonunion with deformity and LCP fixation is a reliable option in well-selected cases.     

Surgical correction of bowlegs in achondroplasia

A retrospective review of 39 surgical procedures to correct bowlegs in achondroplasia was performed. Three operative procedures had been used sequentially over 27 years. Sixteen tibiae were treated by proximal closing wedge tibial osteotomy, proximal fibular epiphysiodesis and casts. Twelve tibiae were treated by opening wedge osteotomies using external fixation with no fibular shortening. Eleven tibiae were treated by the Ilizarov technique with 3-cm tibial lengthening, deformity correction, and distal translation of the proximal fibula. The Ilizarov technique is the most satisfactory method for correction of proximal bowlegs in early childhood. Distal tibial osteotomy and fibular shortening is recommended for correction of distal bow legs in older children.     

Ilizarov external fixation without removal of plate or screws: effect on hypertrophic and oligotrophic nonunion of the femoral shaft with plate failure

Patients with hypertrophic and oligotrophic nonunion of the femoral diaphysis associated with plate failure can be treated by Ilizarov external fixation without plate removal. Advantages of this technique include a lack of damage to the blood supply and simultaneous deformity correction.     

Ilizarov treatment of tibial nonunions with bone loss

Twenty-five patients aged 19-62 years were treated for tibial nonunions (22 atrophic, three hypertrophic) with bone loss (1-23 cm, mean 6.2 cm) by the Ilizarov technique and fixator. Thirteen had chronic osteomyelitis, 19 had a limb-length discrepancy (2-11 cm), 12 had a bony defect (1-16 cm), and 13 had a deformity. Six had a bone defect with no shortening, 13 had shortening with no defect, and six had both a bone defect and shortening. Nonunion, bone defects, limb shortening, and deformity can all be addressed simultaneously with the Ilizarov apparatus. Bone defects were closed from within without bone grafts by the Ilizarov bone transport technique of sliding a bone fragment internally, producing distraction osteogenesis behind it until the defect is bridged (internal lengthening). Length was reestablished by distraction of a percutaneous corticotomy or through compression and subsequent distraction of the pseudarthrosis site (external lengthening). Distraction osteogenesis resulting from both processes obviated the need for a bone graft in every case. Deformity was corrected by means of hinges on the apparatus. Infection was treated by radical resection of the necrotic bone and internal lengthening to regenerate the excised bone. Union was achieved in all cases. The mean time to union was 13.6 months, but it was only 10.6 months if the time taken for unsuccessful compression-distraction of the nonunion is eliminated from the calculation. The bone results were excellent in 18 cases, good in five, and fair in two based on union in all cases, persistent infection in three, deformity in four, and limb shortening in one. The functional results were excellent in 16 cases, good in seven, fair in one, and poor in one based on return to work and daily activities in all cases, limp in four cases, equinus deformity in five cases, dystrophy in four cases, pain in four cases, and voluntary amputation for neurogenic pain in one case.     

Management of stiff hypertrophic nonunions by distraction osteogenesis: a report of 16 cases

OBJECTIVE: Hypertrophic nonunions can be managed successfully with distraction. Hypertrophic changes indicate that the tissue at the nonunion site has a biologic healing potential. The missing component is an appropriate mechanical environment to transform a hypertrophic nonunion into solid bone. DESIGN: At our institution, the records of 10 male and 6 female patients treated for stiff hypertrophic nonunion with the Ilizarov distraction method were retrospectively analyzed. The average age of the patients was 42.3 years (range 15-69 years). The nonunion time ranged from 8-48 months. All patients had at least 1 cm shortening, 3 patients had a deformity in one plane, and 13 had a deformity in two planes. The pathology was localized to the upper extremity in 5 patients, to the lower extremity in 11 patients, with a periarticular localization in 11 patients. An Ilizarov-type circular external fixator was applied in all patients to correct shortening, to correct deformity, and to achieve a solid union. RESULTS: All nonunions healed at an average follow-up of 38.1 months (range 24-95 months). The average time spent in the external fixator was 7.1 months (range 5-10 months). The average preoperative length discrepancy was 2.25 cm (range 1-8 cm), which was eliminated in all patients at the time of frame removal. The average coronal plane angulation of 19.7 degrees (range 15-37 degrees) and sagittal plane angulation of 20.8 degrees (range 5-45 degrees), together with translation in one patient, also were corrected to normal anatomic alignment. Complications included minor pin tract infections and hardware problems; recurrence of deformity was observed in one patient who refused to wear a protective brace after frame removal. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertrophic nonunions can be managed successfully with distraction. The Ilizarov device can address every aspect of a stiff hypertrophic nonunion, including shortening and deformity.     

第一、二伸肌室间支持带上动脉为血管蒂的楔形骨瓣转移治疗舟骨骨不连

目的 探讨以第1,2伸肌室间支持带上动脉(1,2 ICSRA)为血管蒂的楔形骨瓣转移治疗舟骨骨不连伴背侧镶嵌不稳定(DISI)的技术和疗效.方法 对12例舟骨骨不连伴背侧镶嵌不稳定的患者,设计并应用1,2 ICSRA为血管蒂的楔形骨瓣进行治疗,采用腕背侧单一切口同时完成畸形矫正和骨瓣转移.术后随访骨折愈合时间、腕痛状况,比较手术前后腕关节活动度、握力、腕骨排列情况.结果 术后随访时间为6～24个月,平均12个月.X线片显示舟骨骨折均获得骨性愈合,愈合率为100%,平均愈合时间为11.3周.11例患者腕痛消失;1例腕痛持续,经行桡骨茎突切除后好转.12例术后头月骨间角、舟月骨间角、腕高指数恢复正常;腕关节屈伸、桡尺偏活动度接近术前的2倍,握力为术前的3.5倍.结论 1,2 ICSRA为血管蒂的楔形骨瓣转移能促进舟骨愈合,矫正骨折成角,有利于腕部生理力学的重建,是治疗舟骨骨不连伴DISI的有效方法.     

外固定架辅助髓内钉技术治疗股骨畸形和股骨干骨折不愈合

目的 探讨外固定架辅助髓内钉(fixator assist nailing,FAN)技术治疗股骨畸形、股骨干骨折不愈合伴畸形和畸形愈合的疗效.方法 回顾性分析在2008年1月至2011年12月采用FAN技术治疗8例股骨干骨折不愈合伴畸形、3例维生素D抵抗性佝偻病性股骨畸形、2例股骨干骨折畸形愈合.男11例,女2例;年龄16～50岁,平均33岁.10例采用一期手术,3例采用二期手术.12例采用单边外固定架,1例采用环形外固定架.8例采用顺行髓内钉,5例采用逆行髓内钉.2例患者采用自体髂骨植骨,1例骨痂剪碎后植骨.结果 12例患者获得完整随访,随访时间12～48个月,平均21个月.7例股骨干骨折不愈合的患者骨折在术后3～6个月愈合,平均3.8个月.5例股骨畸形行截骨术的患者截骨端在术后3～5个月(平均3.5个月)愈合.根据Paley评分标准,9例为优,2例为良,1例为可.术前下肢不等长(48.2±23.0) mm,术后为(27.3±24.6) mm,肢体长度增加4.6～41.0 mm(平均23.3 mm).术前机械轴偏向(27.5±24.4) mm,术后(6.3±8.3) mm.未发生感染和神经、血管损伤.结论 FAN技术结合了外固定架安全、微创、便于调节,可准确矫正畸形优点和髓内钉固定患者依从性高特点,可有效地治疗代谢性骨病引起的股骨畸形、股骨干骨折不愈合伴畸形和畸形愈合.     

Treatment of traumatic radial clubhand deformity with bone loss using the Ilizarov apparatus

Radial clubhand deformity secondary to atrophic nonunion of an open distal radius fracture with bone loss is a challenging reconstructive problem. Two patients with this deformity had staged reconstruction using the Ilizarov apparatus. After gradual realignment of the distal radius metaphyseal fragment, a proximal to distal bone transport of the radial shaft was done. At completion of the bone transport, the docking site was augmented with autologous iliac crest bone graft. Both patients achieved radiographic union at the proximal and distal ends of the bone transport site and were satisfied with the outcome. At 3 years followup, full finger and elbow mobility were maintained. The wrist had improved appearance with limited painless mobility. Posttraumatic radial club hand deformities with associated bone loss can be treated successfully with staged reconstruction using the Ilizarov apparatus and methodology.