鼻内镜下经咽鼓管置管治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的探讨经咽鼓管鼓室内短期留置导管并注药治疗顽固分泌性中耳炎的疗效.方法在鼻内镜引导下经咽鼓管向鼓室置入硬膜外麻醉导管,留置7-10天,期内每隔1-2天注入空气1ml,泼尼松龙和a-糜蛋白酶混合液约0.5～1ml.治疗后随访观察6-12个月.结果共治疗172耳,治愈128耳(74.4%),好转26(15.1%)耳,无效18(10.5%)耳.有效率达89.5%.结论鼻内镜下经咽鼓管鼓室内置管治疗分泌性中耳炎,操作简便,效果可靠,无明显并发症.     

鼻内窥镜下咽鼓管注药治疗分泌性中耳炎

为探讨鼻内窥镜下咽鼓管注药治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效,从1996年6月开始我们在鼻内窥镜下咽鼓管注药治疗分泌性中耳炎28例.现报告如下.     

鼻内窥镜下咽鼓管注药治疗分泌性中耳炎

为探讨鼻内窥镜下咽鼓管注药治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效,于１９９６年６月开始在鼻内窥镜下咽鼓管注药治疗分泌性中耳炎２８例,报告如下。１资料与方法１．对一般资料：本组２８例（３４耳）,均为门诊病例,男１６例,女１２例,年龄１５～４２岁。慢性分泌性中耳炎１３例,急性分泌性中耳炎１５例。检查：鼓膜内陷充血３４耳,可见鼓室积液征８耳,纯音测听均提示传导性聋,声阻抗显示鼓室图为“Ｂ”型１５耳,“Ｃ”型１９耳。１．２治疗方法：鼻内窥镜下咽鼓管注药治疗分泌性中耳炎２８例（３４耳）,采用０度鼻内窥镜,咽鼓管吹张管一支…     

鼻内窥镜下咽鼓管吹张注药治疗分泌性中耳炎

分泌性中耳炎是临床常见病,治疗多采用咽鼓管通气或鼓膜穿刺抽液治疗,疗效不一,易反复发作。自１９９８年以来,采用鼻内窥镜下咽鼓管吹张注药治疗分泌性中耳炎４５例（５０耳）,疗效满意,现报告如下。１资料与方法１．１临床资料 ４５例（５０耳）,男２８例,女１７例,年龄８～５８岁,病程５天～２年,右耳２３例,左耳１７例,双耳５例。症状：均有听力减退,耳内闷胀感,自听增强,部分有低调性耳鸣;检查：鼓膜混浊内陷２０耳,轻度慢性充血８耳,鼓室有积液２２耳;纯音测听：传导性聋３８耳,混合性聋１２耳,听阈（０．２５…     

鼻内镜下经咽鼓管鼓室内注入地塞米松辅助治疗难治性突发性耳聋

目的 探讨鼻内镜下经咽鼓管鼓室内注入地塞米松辅助治疗突发性聋(SSNHL)的疗效.方法 对20例常规方法治疗无效的SSNHL患者采用鼻内镜下经咽鼓管鼓室径路注入地塞米松,首次剂量为5 mg,此后每天重复注药1次,每次5 mg,共7～10次,总剂量35 ～ 50 mg,用药期间密切观察记录听力改变、耳鸣及眩晕等情况.结果 20例于治疗完成后复查纯音电测听,痊愈1例;显效3例,听阈平均提高32 dB;有效5例,听阈平均提高18 dB;无效11例;有效率为45％(9/20).结论 鼻内镜下经咽鼓管鼓室内注入地塞米松辅助治疗SSNHL疗效好,操作方便,避免全身用药可能产生的不良反应,为常规方法治疗无效的SSNHL患者提供了再次治疗的机会.     

鼻内窥镜下咽鼓管导管注药治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的探讨鼻内窥镜下咽鼓管导管注药治疗分泌性中耳炎的方法.方法回顾分析鼻内窥镜直视下咽鼓管导管注药治疗分泌性中耳炎360例、400耳的临床资料.结果治愈252例,占70%;好转90例,占25%;总有效率95%.治疗前听力平均损失45.4±8.2dB HL,治疗后平均为33.0±8.2dB HL,差异有高度显著性(P＜0.01).鼓室功能曲线治疗前B型320耳,C型80耳,治疗后转变为A型303耳,占75.8%.结论此法操作简单,在直视下进行,患者痛苦小,不破坏鼓膜的正常生理结构,可改善分泌性中耳炎的咽鼓管功能,提高听力.     

鼻内窥镜下咽鼓管置管术治疗分泌性中耳炎126例临床观察

治疗分泌性中耳炎的传统方法多采用咽鼓管吹张、导管通气或鼓膜穿刺、鼓室T型管置管等，其疗效评价不一。为探索治疗的新方法，1996年5月～1997年8月我科应用鼻窦内窥镜下咽鼓管置管注药治疗分泌性中耳炎126例，经6～18个月临床观察，疗效肯定，报道如下。1资料与方法126例中男72例，女54例；年龄18～74岁。左耳55例，右耳45例，双耳26例。病史5个月～15年，以耳内阻塞、听力下降、自听增强为主要症状，部分患者伴有低调性耳鸣和耳内水泡音。检查示鼓膜混浊、外凸或内陷，锤骨短突突出，光锥变形、缩短或消失。其中65例有鼓室积液，6例鼓室…     

鼻内窥镜下Nd：YAG激光治疗咽鼓管阻塞

从１９９９年５月～２０００年４月采用鼻腔内窥镜经咽鼓管咽口插管及激光照射治疗分泌性中耳炎,收到良好效果。现报道如下：１　资料与方法１．１　临床资料 ３０例（共３２耳）中男性２２例,女性８例。年龄：２０～５０岁,３２耳纯音测听均为传导性耳聋,鼓室导抗图为Ｂ型。鼓膜穿刺均抽出黄色渗液０．１～０．５ｍｌ左右。用Ｖａｌｓａｌｖａ吹张法显示,３２例咽鼓管均不通畅。１．２方法 用１％麻黄素液充分收缩双侧鼻腔粘膜,２％的卡因表面麻醉后,用国产鼻内窥镜检查双侧咽鼓管口、咽隐窗等部位后,再从同侧或对侧鼻腔插入咽鼓管…     

鼻内镜下咽鼓管置管治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的 探讨在鼻内镜视频下,自咽鼓管咽口插入胶管并留置治疗分泌性中耳炎的效果.方法 在鼻内镜视频系统下,经咽鼓管咽口插入鼓室腔,外侧端固定于面颊部,定期抽液,冲洗、注药,痊愈后观察10天拔管.结果 21耳均插管顺利,无不良反应.其中18耳一次插管治愈,占85.7%,3耳经2次插管治愈,占14.3%.总治愈率100%.结论 通过鼻咽部咽鼓管置管术,视野清晰,操作方便,治疗时间短,复发率低,无明显后遗症,是治疗分泌性中耳炎的理想选择.     

Laser vs microdebrider eustachian tuboplasty for the treatment of chronic adult eustachian tube dysfunction: A systematic review

ObjectivesMultiple treatments are described in the literature for the treatment of chronic Eustachian tube dysfunction but high-level quality evidence seems missing to support these treatments. This systematic review aimed to determine and compare the safety and efficacy of Laser Eustachian tuboplasty and Microdebrider Eustachian tuboplasty as a treatment for long-term Eustachian tube dysfunction.Data sourcesA total of 12 electronic databases were searched up to April 2018 for published and unpublished literature in the English language. References of included studies were checked.MethodsA systematic review was undertaken. Outcomes assessed were: primary outcomes-subjective improvement in symptoms (ETDQ-7), audiometric improvement of hearing, improvement of negative middle ear pressure noticed in tympanometry, objective improvement of tympanic membrane retraction. Secondary outcomes were-the ability to auto-insufflate Eustachian tube i.e. Valsalva manoeuvre, improved quality of life, passive tubal opening, tubomanometry, swallowing test, reduction in mucosal inflammation of Eustachian tube orifice in the nose, complications from the procedure, the need for further procedures. Results are reported in a narrative synthesis as a meta-analysis was not possible due to heterogeneous data.ResultsThree studies were included. All included studies were small-scale case series (13–38 participants). Studies were conducted outside the UK. Subjective and objective improvement of Eustachian tube function was reported in all studies. But all included studies were at high risk of bias and subject to multiple limitations. No major complications were reported in either study.ConclusionsBased on current evidence, it is not possible to recommend the clinical use of either of these two interventions i.e. Laser or Microdebrider Eustachian tuboplasty. Lack of controlled studies was identified as a gap in the evidence. Future research should be directed toward designing randomised controlled trials. These trials should use strict standard methodology and reporting criteria. Future trials should make use of consensus statement document about Eustachian tube dysfunction definition, diagnostic methods, and outcome assessment criteria to design clinical trials.     

突发性聋预后的影响因素

目的探讨影响突发性聋预后的相关因素,为预后判断及临床治疗提供指导。方法对112例（124耳）突发性聋病例作回顾性研究,应用SAS软件对患者性别、年龄、患耳侧别、单双耳发病、发病至就诊时间、是否伴有眩晕、是否伴有耳鸣、听力损失程度、听力图类型、疗程等进行单因素分析及多因素Logistic逐步回归分析;并将完成两疗程以上治疗的60耳的最终疗效与第一疗程后的疗效进行了对比。结果单因素分析及多因素logistic逐步回归分析均显示仅眩晕(P=0.0454)、发病至就诊时间(P=0.0015)及听力图类型(P=0.0006)等因素与预后有关(P＜0.05);完成两疗程以上治疗的60耳患者的最终疗效与第一疗程后的疗效相比明显提高(P＜0.0001)。结论突聋早期治疗可以提高疗效,不伴眩晕者预后较好,听力图类型为低频下降型、中频下降型者疗效好于其他类型。对第一疗程未能痊愈的患者,继续治疗能够显著提高疗效。     

Hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of sudden deafness

Currently, the treatment of sudden deafness (SD) is based mainly on complete bed rest and the administration of corticosteroids. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has previously been suggested as adjunctive treatment. We describe two cases of successful HBOT for SD. The first patient presented with moderate mid-frequency hearing loss without accompanying symptoms, whereas the second patient had moderate low-frequency hearing loss with persistent tinnitus and a single episode of vertigo. HBOT in addition to conventional treatment soon after diagnosis resulted in full recovery of hearing in both patients. The pathogenesis of SD may involve a reduction in cochlear blood flow and perilymph oxygenation, making early HBOT a reasonable treatment modality for this condition.     

产褥期突发性耳聋的诊治经验

目的探讨产褥期妇女突发性耳聋的治疗方案,积累治疗经验。方法选取2例产褥期突发性耳聋患者,分析其耳聋分型及听力损失级别,充分考虑患者所处的特殊时期,2例患者均采用2~3周短期断乳+改善内耳微循环药物治疗方案。采用改善内耳微循环、抗凝、营养神经、口服糖皮质激素等综合治疗方法。结果2例患者均取得满意的治疗效果。病例1停药后7 d复诊,眩晕消失,患耳各频率听力提高50 dB左右。病例2停药后7 d复诊,眩晕基本缓解,耳鸣减轻,患耳各频率听力提高30 dB左右。两例患者均在停药后1周恢复哺乳,1个月后复查,新生儿发育正常,患者听力稳定,无再次下降。结论妊娠合并突发性耳聋药物治疗主要以营养神经为基础,配合改善循环、清除自由基,改善情绪,调整睡眠等治疗,且强调早期治疗,用药期间建议短期断母乳,牛乳喂养,停药后1周恢复哺乳,不会造成新生儿营养不良。     

Reflux of nasopharyngeal content into middle ear through the eustachian tube

Whether nasopharyngeal content passes into the middle ear in patients without any head and neck pathology during the recovery phase of anesthesia is shown with an objective and prospective method. Thirty-eight patients, 21 female and 17 male, aged between 17 and 76, were included in the study. During the recovery phase of general anesthesia, 10 ml of 5 mCi Tc-99m-MAA was administered intranasally to the patients with a 10-F catheter. A manometer-adapted cuffed intubation tube was placed in the nasal passage so that the cuff was located at the choana. The pressure changes reflecting to the nasopharynx were recorded. The patients were extubated 10 min after the radionuclide was applied. The scintigraphic evaluation was done at the end of the 1st hour of the application of radionuclide. Transmission and emission views were taken with a gamma camera. Passage of nasopharyngeal content into the middle ear via the eustachian tube was not a statistically significant observation. The mean value of maximum pressure reflecting from the nasopharynx did not differ significantly between patients. Our study does not support the hypothesis that nasopharyngeal content passes directly through the eustachian tube into the middle ear and causes deleterious effects.     

鼓膜置管联合咽鼓管吹张治疗儿童慢性分泌性中耳炎的疗效分析

目的 探讨鼓膜置管联合咽鼓管吹张治疗儿童慢性分泌性中耳炎(OME)的疗效。方法 收集2018年1月—2020年6月在徐州医科大学附属徐州儿童医院治疗的98例(127耳)儿童慢性OME患者的临床资料,所有研究对象病史均>3个月。按照随机数字法分为观察组(鼓膜置管联合咽鼓管吹张)49例(59耳)和对照组(单纯鼓膜置管)49例(68耳),比较两组疗效及并发症。结果 观察组59耳治愈55耳、好转3耳,总有效率98.31%(58/59),对照组68耳治愈50耳,好转9耳,总有效率86.76%(59/68),两组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组均未出现鼓膜穿孔、眩晕、中耳感染等不良反应。结论 儿童慢性OME保守治疗无效时,先行鼓膜置管术,若疗效不满意或者慢性复发者可选择鼓膜置管联合咽鼓管吹张。     

Calcium antagonists in the treatment of sudden deafness

Summary In the treatment of patients with sudden deafness, we found no significant difference between an oral calcium antagonist (nifedipine) and intravenous naftidrofuryl given concomitantly with vitamin A, vitamin E, and zinc. This prospective randomized study in 50 patients again shows that recovery to useful hearing levels tends to be spontaneous and independent of the type of medical treatment given. Irrespective of their capability to prevent contractions of cerebral vascular smooth muscle induced by neurotransmitter and vasoconstrictor substances and of their rheological properties, currently available calcium antagonists of the nifedipine type are unable to enhance hearing recovery at the present time.