鼻内镜下经咽鼓管置管治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的探讨经咽鼓管鼓室内短期留置导管并注药治疗顽固分泌性中耳炎的疗效.方法在鼻内镜引导下经咽鼓管向鼓室置入硬膜外麻醉导管,留置7-10天,期内每隔1-2天注入空气1ml,泼尼松龙和a-糜蛋白酶混合液约0.5～1ml.治疗后随访观察6-12个月.结果共治疗172耳,治愈128耳(74.4%),好转26(15.1%)耳,无效18(10.5%)耳.有效率达89.5%.结论鼻内镜下经咽鼓管鼓室内置管治疗分泌性中耳炎,操作简便,效果可靠,无明显并发症.     

鼻内窥镜下咽鼓管导管注药治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的探讨鼻内窥镜下咽鼓管导管注药治疗分泌性中耳炎的方法.方法回顾分析鼻内窥镜直视下咽鼓管导管注药治疗分泌性中耳炎360例、400耳的临床资料.结果治愈252例,占70%;好转90例,占25%;总有效率95%.治疗前听力平均损失45.4±8.2dB HL,治疗后平均为33.0±8.2dB HL,差异有高度显著性(P＜0.01).鼓室功能曲线治疗前B型320耳,C型80耳,治疗后转变为A型303耳,占75.8%.结论此法操作简单,在直视下进行,患者痛苦小,不破坏鼓膜的正常生理结构,可改善分泌性中耳炎的咽鼓管功能,提高听力.     

经咽鼓管鼓室内灌注地塞米松治疗突发性聋

目的 评价经咽鼓管途径鼓室内灌注地塞米松治疗突发性聋的安全性和疗效.方法 将67例(67耳)突发性聋患者随机分为A组20例(20耳).单纯经咽鼓管鼓室内灌注地塞米松(5 mg/ml)0.6毫升/次;B组23例(23耳),常规全身治疗无效后再经咽鼓管鼓室内灌注地塞米松(5mg/ml)0.6毫升/次;C组24例(24耳),单纯常规全身治疗,比较三组治疗前后受损频率平均听阈变化及咽鼓管功能变化.结果 A、B、C三组有效率分别为85.00%(17/20)、60.87%(14/23)、45.3%(11/24).三组伴随症状耳鸣、耳闷、眩晕都有一定缓解,没有出现中耳炎及耳闷、耳痛等感染症状,鼓室导抗图和咽鼓管吹张实验治疗前后没有明显变化.结论 经咽鼓管途径鼓室内灌注地塞米松治疗突发性聋是安全和有效的,可在临床推广使用.     

鼻内镜下经咽鼓管冲洗治疗慢性化脓性中耳炎

目的：探讨鼻内窥镜下经咽鼓管冲洗注药治疗单纯型慢性化脓性中耳炎的临床效果。方法：将51例单纯型化脓性中耳炎患者随机分为治疗组28例和对照组23例,治疗组在鼻内镜直视下,经咽鼓管冲洗、注药,外耳道引流、吸引治疗;对照组常规应用抗生素溶液滴耳。随访3个月,观察两组疗效。结果：治疗组干耳率、细菌清除率高于对照组,复发率低于对照组(P均＜0.05)。结论：鼻内窥镜下经咽鼓管冲洗治疗慢性单纯型化脓性中耳炎干耳率高,疗效确切。     

鼻内镜下经咽鼓管鼓室内注入地塞米松辅助治疗难治性突发性耳聋

目的 探讨鼻内镜下经咽鼓管鼓室内注入地塞米松辅助治疗突发性聋(SSNHL)的疗效.方法 对20例常规方法治疗无效的SSNHL患者采用鼻内镜下经咽鼓管鼓室径路注入地塞米松,首次剂量为5 mg,此后每天重复注药1次,每次5 mg,共7～10次,总剂量35 ～ 50 mg,用药期间密切观察记录听力改变、耳鸣及眩晕等情况.结果 20例于治疗完成后复查纯音电测听,痊愈1例;显效3例,听阈平均提高32 dB;有效5例,听阈平均提高18 dB;无效11例;有效率为45％(9/20).结论 鼻内镜下经咽鼓管鼓室内注入地塞米松辅助治疗SSNHL疗效好,操作方便,避免全身用药可能产生的不良反应,为常规方法治疗无效的SSNHL患者提供了再次治疗的机会.     

鼻内窥镜下咽鼓管注药治疗分泌性中耳炎

为探讨鼻内窥镜下咽鼓管注药治疗分泌性中耳炎的疗效,于１９９６年６月开始在鼻内窥镜下咽鼓管注药治疗分泌性中耳炎２８例,报告如下。１资料与方法１．对一般资料：本组２８例（３４耳）,均为门诊病例,男１６例,女１２例,年龄１５～４２岁。慢性分泌性中耳炎１３例,急性分泌性中耳炎１５例。检查：鼓膜内陷充血３４耳,可见鼓室积液征８耳,纯音测听均提示传导性聋,声阻抗显示鼓室图为“Ｂ”型１５耳,“Ｃ”型１９耳。１．２治疗方法：鼻内窥镜下咽鼓管注药治疗分泌性中耳炎２８例（３４耳）,采用０度鼻内窥镜,咽鼓管吹张管一支…     

鼻内镜下咽鼓管置管治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的 探讨在鼻内镜视频下,自咽鼓管咽口插入胶管并留置治疗分泌性中耳炎的效果.方法 在鼻内镜视频系统下,经咽鼓管咽口插入鼓室腔,外侧端固定于面颊部,定期抽液,冲洗、注药,痊愈后观察10天拔管.结果 21耳均插管顺利,无不良反应.其中18耳一次插管治愈,占85.7%,3耳经2次插管治愈,占14.3%.总治愈率100%.结论 通过鼻咽部咽鼓管置管术,视野清晰,操作方便,治疗时间短,复发率低,无明显后遗症,是治疗分泌性中耳炎的理想选择.     

鼻内镜下咽鼓管置管治疗鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎

目的 探讨鼻内镜下咽鼓管置管治疗鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎的临床疗效。方法 对45例(58耳)鼻咽癌放疗后并发分泌性中耳炎者行鼻内镜下经咽鼓管逆行插管并注药治疗。结果45例(58耳)接受鼻内镜下咽鼓管置管治疗,治愈42耳(72.42％),好转13耳(22.41％),无效3耳(5.17％),总有效率94.83％。结论 鼻内镜下咽鼓管置管有利于咽鼓管功能的恢复,是治疗鼻咽癌放疗后分泌性中耳炎的可靠手段。     

逆行咽鼓管插管盐酸氨溴索注药治疗分泌性中耳炎

目的 探讨咽鼓管逆行插管行鼓室冲洗,盐酸氨溴索注药治疗分泌性中耳炎的临床疗效.方法 对112例(178耳)分泌性中耳炎患者采用逆行经咽鼓管插管,37℃生理盐水鼓室冲洗、盐酸氨溴索鼓室注药并留置.观察耳闷、耳鸣症状,鼓膜像,语频区听力恢复情况及与病程的关系.结果 全部病例178耳经1～3次治疗后,治愈119耳(66.9%),有效30耳(16.9%),无效29耳(16.3%),治愈率66.9%,总有效率83.7%.病史小于半年者,治愈率明显高于病史大于半年者,随着治疗次数的增加,治愈率和有效率逐渐降低.结论 逆行咽鼓管插管行鼓室冲洗,盐酸氨溴索注药是治疗分泌性中耳炎安全有效的方法.     

漂浮导管在咽鼓管扩张术中的应用

漂浮导管系心脏内科用以扩张动脉的一种器材,文中报道了在纤维内窥镜下用该导管行咽鼓管扩张术治疗咽鼓狭窄或功能障碍者43例,临床观察时间最短为2个月,最长10个月,有明显疗效的为23耳,有效为13耳,该方法具有抽吸中耳积液、扩张咽鼓管、向中耳腔注药等功效,患者痛苦少,不会造成咽鼓管瘢痕狭窄和鼓膜穿孔.     

漂浮导管扩张咽鼓管治疗放疗后分泌性中耳炎

目的：了解鼻咽癌(NPC)放疗后分泌性中耳炎(SOM)咽鼓管功能，以及漂浮导管扩张咽鼓管治疗该病的临床价值。方法：使用咽鼓管功能综合检查仪检测21例(37耳)NPC放疗后SOM患者的咽鼓管功能；在鼻内镜直视下将漂浮导管导入咽鼓管内扩张咽鼓管，治疗NPC放疗后咽鼓管阻塞引起的SOM。结果：21例NPC放疗后SOM中，咽鼓管功能为正常型2耳，阻塞型21耳，闭锁不全型8耳，开放型6耳。漂浮导管扩张咽鼓管治疗NPC放疗后SOM，有效率为43．2％(16／37)。结论：NPC放疗后SOM的咽鼓管功能障碍，多以阻塞型为主，应用漂浮导管扩张咽鼓管是一种有效的治疗方法。     

圆窗置管微泵灌注地塞米松治疗难治性突发性感音神经性聋

目的：观察圆窗内置管微泵灌注地塞米松治疗难治性突发性感音神经性聋（突聋）的疗效。方法：13例常规方法治疗4．8周无效的突聋患者,作外耳道皮瓣,圆窗置管经微泵灌注地塞米松,每次2．5mg,维持1h,每天2次,连续给药1周。用药期间观察记录听力改变、耳鸣和眩晕等情况。结果：13例患者治疗完成后1个月纯音测听检查：显效2例,0．25～4．00kHz听阈平均提高30．5dB;有效3例,平均提高16．7dB,无效8例,有效率38．5％（5／13）。结论：圆窗置管微泵灌注地塞米松治疗突聋的方法,能保证药物持续泵入和高浓度作用于内耳,优于鼓膜穿刺注药;操作稍复杂,但创伤小,耗费不高,为常规方法治疗无效的突聋患者提供了再次治疗获效的机会。     

Effects of frequent antral lavage on chronic sinusitis in children]

Eighty cases of pediatric sinusitis (4 to 15 years old, averaged 8 years old) were treated with frequent antral irrigations. Antral puncture was made through the inferior meatus with a Kyoto University needle under topical or general anesthesia. Then a plastic tube of 14G Medicut intravenous cannula was left in place to serve as an indwelling catheter. Antral lavages were performed through this tube 3 times daily for 7 to 10 days. The opacity of the maxillary sinus at post-treatment was improved significantly compared with that at pre-treatment in Waters view. This improvement was continued even at about 5.7 months after treatment. The opacity of the ethmoid sinus was also improved significantly after the treatment in occipito-frontal view. Our results suggest that the frequent antral lavage is an useful therapeutic modality for pediatric sinusitis.     

Trans-tympanic insertion of an angiocatheter with a stopper for treatment of patulous Eustachian tube

BackgroundPlugging of the Eustachian tube (ET) is an effective method for treating patulous Eustachian tube (PET). However, no material suitable for plugging is commercially available. A plugging material was made using an angiocatheter and a ventilating tube (VT).MethodsAn 18-gauge angiocatheter was cut 25 mm from the tip, and the cut end was occluded and widened by melting using a candle. The angiocatheter was inserted into the hole of a Paparella type 1 VT, which was moved to the cut end of the catheter. The VT acted as a stopper at tympanic orifice of ET to prevent the angiocatheter from descending into nasopharynx. Two women with PET received ET-plugging surgery using this plugging material via trans-tympanic approach.ResultsAll symptoms of PET disappeared after surgery. There have been no postoperative complications, and the catheter has functioned well without extrusion.ConclusionA plug created from an angiocatheter and a VT is easy to make and is effective for the treatment of PET.     

A comparison of gastrostomy techniques in patients with advanced head and neck cancer.

Patients with advanced head and neck carcinomas often suffer from impaired deglutition and require prolonged enteral feedings during therapy. This retrospective study analyzed 75 patients managed with three different gastrostomy techniques. Thirty patients received a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy; 28 patients had an open tube gastrostomy using a Foley or Malecot catheter through a purse-string stay suture; and 17 patients received an open-tube gastrostomy with a 1-cm Dacron-cuffed Silastic catheter enclosed in a 3-cm Witzel tunnel with the cuff buried in the subperitoneal pocket. The complication rate for 100 days of tube use was 0.21 for cuffed Silastic gastrostomy, 0.35 for open tube gastrostomy, and 1.41 for the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy group. We conclude that the cuffed Silastic gastrostomy technique is superior in this patient population.     

咽鼓管球囊扩张术治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎的短期疗效观察

目的 观察咽鼓管球囊扩张术联合鼓膜切开置管治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎的短期疗效。 方法 对2014年8月至2016年12月诊断为慢性分泌性中耳炎并入院接受咽鼓管球囊扩张术联合鼓膜切开置管术治疗的19例21耳行短期疗效观察分析。评价的指标如下:纯音电测听气导均值(PTA)、气-骨导差(ABG)、声阻抗、耳内镜检查、颞骨CT扫描和主观满意度(VAS视觉模拟评分)。 结果 19例均于全麻下顺利完成手术,术后6个月鼓膜置管未脱落者予以取管。术后随访6~10个月,纯音电测听测试耳气导结果术后较术前有所提高。PTA从术前(59.5±21.5)dBHL降低到术后(52.0±31.0)dBHL(t=3.409, P=0.005), ABG从术前(35.5±17.5)dBHL降低到术后(21±16)dBHL(t=2.957,P=0.011), 76.19%的患者声阻抗鼓室图术后转为A型;3例5耳自觉听力和症状无明显改善,其中2例4耳鼓室积液持续存在,1例1耳取管后3周再次复发,予以持续置管。术后疗效满意度平均为(6.17±1.16)分。 结论 咽鼓管球囊扩张术联合鼓膜切开置管治疗慢性分泌性中耳炎短期疗效好。     

Patulous Eustachian tube. A new treatment with infusion of absorbable gelatin sponge solution.

For the treatment of abnormally patent Eustachian tube, we had previously employed repeated tubal insufflation of salicylic acid-boric powder (1:4) through a Eustachian tube catheter. Such treatments, however, usually were associated with uncertain results and numerous complications. Therefore, treatment of this condition was changed to employment of an infusion of absorbable gelatin sponge solution directly into the Eustachian tube. Twenty-two ears in 16 patients recovered successfully when this method was used.     

New methods of dealing with the complications of panendoscopy.

A 70-year-old man with chronic obstructive airways disease was scheduled to undergo panendoscopy following a course of radiotherapy for carcinoma of the larynx. He was anaesthetized using a propofol infusion and high frequency jet ventilation (HFJV). The jet ventilation catheter was left in situ at the end of the procedure. This enabled oxygenation to be maintained in the presence of post-operative laryngospasm by re-attaching the jet ventilator. Subsequently he developed respiratory failure, and a Bullard laryngoscope was used to visualize the vocal folds despite oedema of the tumour which made direct laryngoscopy impossible. A catheter was passed through the biopsy channel of the Bullard, enabling HFJV to be commenced. A conventional endotracheal tube was then railroaded over the catheter to facilitate conventional ventilation.