人Ⅱ型胶原的HLA-A~*0201限制性CTL表位的预测及初步鉴定

目的预测和初步鉴定类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)主要自身抗原Ⅱ型胶原(CollagenⅡ,CⅡ)的HLA-A*0201限制性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(cytotoxic T lymphocytes,CTL)表位,为基于CⅡ抗原表位的特异性免疫治疗奠定基础。方法选取BIMAS、SYFTEPITHI、IEDB、SVMHC、AntiJen预测工具预测该抗原HLA-A*0201限制性结合肽;人工合成待测表位肽,利用T2细胞株通过直接免疫荧光法测定各肽与HLA-A*0201分子的结合力。利用酶联免疫斑点检测(enzyme-linked immunospotassay,ELISPOT)方法检测候选肽刺激关节滑液单个核细胞(synovial fluid mononuclear cell,SFMC)分泌IFN-γ的能力。结果综合BIMAS、SYFTEPITHI、IEDB、SVMHC、AntiJen预测结果筛选出来可能与HLA-A*0201结合的5条肽。MHC亲和力实验表明,在候选的5条肽中,P1261、P1365及P1399具有与HLA-A*0201分子结合的能力,平均荧光强度分别为:1.35、2.53、1.78。ELISPOT试验结果表明,P1365具有刺激SFMC分泌IFN-γ的能力。结论表位预测结果与初步鉴定结果具有一致性,两者联合应用初步认为P1365是HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位的可能性最大,为下一步表位鉴定及基于人CⅡ抗原表位的特异性免疫治疗奠定理论基础。     

人乳头状瘤病毒11型E7抗原HLA-A*0201限制性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞表位的功能鉴定

目的 筛选和鉴定人乳头状瘤病毒11型E7抗原(HPVllE7)HLA-A*0201限制性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(cytotoxic T lymphocyte,CTL)表位.方法 预测HPVllE7抗原HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位并合成相对应的表位多肽和四聚体(tetramer),即HPVllE7 7-15(TLKDIVLDL)、15-23(LQPPDPVGL)、47-55(PLTQHYQIL)、81-89(DLLLGTLNI)和82-90(LLLGTLNIV).从健康HLA-A*0201成人外周血单一核细胞诱导树突状细胞(DC)并负载上述表位多肽,流式细胞技术检测DC成熟分化标记及ELISA法检测DC分泌的IL-12;成熟DC负载各组多肽后观察DC激活T淋巴细胞的效应,ELISA法检测T细胞分泌的IFN-γ;四聚体检测抗原特异性CD8+ T细胞及乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放法评价DC诱导的CTL对靶细胞的特异性体外杀伤效应.结果 预测的5条HPVllE7表位多肽均能诱导DC的成熟分化;E7 7-15、82-90和15-23多肽负载的DC能激活T淋巴细胞分泌高水平IFN-γ;E7 7-15多肽负载的DC能刺激特异性tetramer+CD8+细胞增殖且其诱导的CTL对HPVllE7/293细胞产生高效率的特异性杀伤作用(P<0.05).结论 筛选并鉴定出1条HPVllE7HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位E7 7-15(TLKDIVLDL),负载该表位肽的DC体外可诱导高效、特异性的CTL效应,抗原性较强,有可能作为HPV感染治疗用肽疫苗的候选表位.     

HIV-1 Gag抗原HLA-A*0201限制性低亲和性CTL表位预测及改造分析

初步筛选HIV-1 Gag抗原的HLA-A*0201限制性低亲和性CTL表位,预测并初步鉴定修饰后的表位与HLA-A*0201之间亲和性的变化。采用超基序、蛋白酶解预测等相结合的办法筛选HLA-A*0201限制性低亲和性CTL表位,通过氨基酸置换适当修饰,并以T2细胞株测定肽与HLA-A*0201分子的亲和力和稳定性试验来评价修饰后表位与HLA-A*0201之间亲和性。结果:筛选出3个低亲和性CTL候选表位,经修饰后的表位与HLA-A*0201之间的亲和性均有不同程度的提高。YIYKRWIIL(259-267Y1),YQANFLGKI(429-437Y1)和YTNNPPIPV(249-257Y1)与HLA-A*0201呈高亲和力结合,荧光系数(flurorescene index,FI)分别为2.68、2.54和2.35,同时肽-HLA-A*0201复合物半数解离时间(dissociation complex50,DC50)均大于8h。预测的低亲和力表位经过修饰可能会成为潜在的HLA-A*0201限制性表位。     

HIV-1 pol抗原HLA-A＊0201限制性低亲和性CTL表位预测及改造分析

目的:初步筛选HIV-1 pol抗原的HLA-A*0201 限制性低亲和性CTL表位,预测并初步鉴定修饰后的表位与HLA-A*0201之间亲和性的变化.方法:采用超基序、蛋白酶解、HLA结合力等预测相结合的办法筛选HLA-A*0201限制性低亲和性CTL表位,通过氨基酸置换适当修饰,并以T2细胞检测HLA-A*0201分子与肽的亲和力和稳定性来评价修饰后表位.结果:筛选出的低亲和性CTL候选表位,经修饰后与HLA-A*0201 之间的亲和性均有不同程度的提高.其中,YVSLSFPQI (pol52-60Y1),YVSQIIEQL(pol673-681Y1),YIQKETWEA(pol548-556Y1)HLA-A*0201呈高亲和力结合,同时肽-HLA-A*0201复合物半数解离时间(Dissociation Complex50,DC50)均大于8 h.结论:预测的pol抗原表位经过修饰可能会成为潜在的HLA-A*0201限制性表位.     

肝素酶HLA-A2限制性CTL表位肽的筛选及其活性鉴定

目的 预测并鉴定新的人乙酰肝素酶(Hpa)抗原的HLA-A2限制性CTL表位,为恶性肿瘤多肽疫苗的免疫治疗提供依据. 方法 采用SYFPEITHI和BIMAS软件预测方法,对肝素酶HLA-A2限制性CTL表位进行预测,合成候选表位肽;利用T2细胞特点,对合成的候选肽与HLA-A2分子进行亲和力分析;利用乳酸脱氢酶释放试验检测待检肽特异性CTL诱导活性;利用ELISPOT检测T细胞活性. 结果 在所筛选的6条候选CTL表位肽中,Hpa(310～318)FLNPDVLDI与HLA-A2分子具有高亲和力,在体外可有效诱导肝素酶特异性CTL的产生,对肝素酶阳性且HLA-A2限制性的HCC-LM6肝癌细胞及SW-480结肠癌细胞具有明显的杀伤效应,且能有效诱导IFN-γ分泌,增强免疫活性. 结论 首次发现Hpa(310～318)FLNPDVLDI可能是肿瘤肝素酶抗原的HLA-A2限制性CTL表位.     

癌-睾丸抗原MAGEC2 HLA-A3限制性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞表位的鉴定

目的:预测并初步鉴定HLA-A3超型限制性MAGEC2抗原特异性细胞毒性T细胞(CTL)表位肽,为基于超型表位的MAGEC2治疗提供实验基础及新的候选靶标。方法:通过BIMAS、SYFPEITHI和IEDB软件预测打分来选取MAGEC2的HLA-A3限制性表位;结合力实验用于检测候选表位与T2A3细胞表面HLA-A3分子的结合能力,ELISPOT实验检测候选表位肽诱导的CTL分泌IFN-γ的能力,体外细胞毒实验检测侯选表位肽诱导的CTL杀伤靶细胞的能力。结果 :表位肽P147、P167、P196、P229和P251具有较好的HLA-A3结合力。ELISPOT实验结果显示表位肽P167、P196和P251诱导的CTL具有分泌IFN-γ的能力。细胞毒实验结果显示表位肽P196和P251诱导的CTL对靶细胞有一定的杀伤作用(P0.05或P0.01)。结论 :P196和P251有更高的HLA-A3分子亲和力,保留了原有的免疫原性,是优秀的MAGEC2抗原的HLA-A3限制性CTL候选表位,可以成为新的抗肿瘤多肽免疫治疗疫苗的候选表位。     

鼠胰岛素B链HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位拮抗型改造肽的设计与鉴定

目的设计并鉴定具有负调致病细胞毒性T细胞(cytotoxic Tlymphocyte,CTL)免疫应答功能的改造肽配体(al-tered peptide ligand,APL),为基于胰岛素自身抗原的I型糖尿病特异性免疫治疗奠定基础。方法利用InSilico技术模拟构建TCR-pMHC(TCR-HLA-A*0201-mInsB5-14)复合物三维结构,根据结构选择改造位点P6;通过保守/不保守单个氨基酸虚拟替换得到若干候选APL;通过自由能变化计算、相对亲和力检测、细胞因子分泌水平检测等体外功能实验,初步鉴定具有拮抗效应的APL。结果筛选得到的APL mInsB5-14H6F(H→F)与天然肽mInsB5-14空间结构相似,能与HLA-A*0201分子结合,其HLA-A*0201分子的相对亲和力与mInsB5-14相近。该APL作用下mInsB5-14刺激CD8+T细胞分泌IFN-γ的水平明显低于天然肽单独刺激下特异性CTL分泌IFN-γ的水平(P0.05)。结论基于天然自身抗原表位mInsB5-14改造得到的mInsB5-14H6F是HLA-A*0201限制性的APL,该APL通过降低致病CTL特异性分泌IFN-γ的水平,可能诱导HLA-A*0201转基因NOD小鼠的自身耐受,从而为I型糖尿病治疗性疫苗的研发奠定了基础。     

慢性白血病抗原CML28 HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位预测

目的鉴定慢性白血病肿瘤抗原CML28的HIA-A*0201限制性CTL表位。方法 采用超基序和量化基序结合的方法初步预测CM128的HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位；利用T2细胞亲合力实验初步验证预测结果。结果 在预测的4个候选CTL表位中，ALVDAGVPM和ALDSDGTLV有较高的亲和力，ALFCGVACA和SLLACCLNA仅有低度亲和力。结论ALVDAGVPM与ALDSDGTLV最有可能是慢性白血病肿瘤抗原CML28的HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位。     

基于骨肉瘤高表达抗原PBF CTL表位改造及鉴定

目的:观察骨肉瘤高表达抗原乳头瘤病毒结合因子(PBF)的改造表位是否有HLA-A2限制性抗肿瘤能力,开发基于骨肉瘤的多肽免疫治疗。方法:首先运用RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测PBF在骨肉瘤细胞系U2OS和Saos-2的表达情况。然后通过Net CTL 1.2、SYFPEITHI和IEDB软件预测打分来选取PBF的HLA-A2限制性表位。替换PBF抗原锚定位点氨基酸获得改造肽。候选表位肽的合成方法是标准的Fmoc化学合成法,结合力实验用于检测候选表位与T2A2细胞表面HLA-A2分子的结合能力,ELISPOT实验检测候选表位肽诱导细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)分泌干扰素γ(IFN-γ)的能力,乳酸脱氧酶(LDH)释放实验和羧基荧光素琥珀酰亚胺脂(CFSE)细胞毒实验检测候选肽诱导CTL的能力。结果:PBF在骨肉瘤细胞系U2OS和Saos-2均有表达,候选肽P75-1Y2L、P412-1Y、P416-1Y2L9V、P107-1Y和P435-1Y2L具有较好的结合力,且改造肽与HLA-A2的结合力高于原肽。ELISPOT实验结果显示表位肽P412、P412-1Y、P416、P416-1Y2L9V和P435-1Y2L诱导的CTL具有分泌IFN-γ的能力;P412-1Y和P416-1Y2L9V诱导特异性T细胞免疫分泌的IFN-γ略高于原肽。LDH释放实验和CFSE细胞毒实验结果显示表位P412、P412-1Y、P416和P416-1Y2L9V对U2OS细胞均有一定的杀伤作用,P412-1Y和P416-1Y2L9V特异性CTLs对U2OS细胞杀伤率高于原肽特异性CTLs。结论:PBF抗原改造表位P412-1Y和P416-1Y2L9V与天然表位P412和P416相比有更高的HLA-A2分子亲和力,保留了原有的免疫原性,并且改造肽抗肿瘤免疫效应强于天然表位。P412-1Y和P416-1Y2L9V是优秀的PBF抗原的HLA-A*0201限制性CTL候选表位,可以成为新的抗肿瘤多肽免疫治疗疫苗的候选表位。     

肿瘤抗原PIWIL2的HLA-A2限制性CTL表位鉴定

目的:鉴定肿瘤抗原PIWIL2的人类白细胞抗原A2(HLA-A2)限制性细胞毒性T淋巴细胞(CTL)表位。方法:首先运用RT-PCR、Western blot方法检测PIWIL2在肿瘤细胞系MCF-7、SW480和HT-29中的表达情况,然后通过BIMAS、Rank Pep、Net MHC、Net CTL1.2及IEDB软件预测打分来选取PIWIL2的HLA-A2限制性的表位。候选表位肽通过标准的Fmoc化学合成法合成,结合力实验用于检测候选表位与T2A2细胞表面HLA-A2分子的结合能力,ELISPOT实验检测候选表位肽诱导CTL分泌IFN-γ的能力,体外细胞毒性实验检测候选肽诱导CTL的能力。结果:PIWIL2在肿瘤细胞系MCF-7、SW480和HT-29中均有表达。候选肽P485、P493、P965具有中等结合力。ELISPOT实验结果显示表位肽P485和P965诱导的CTL具有分泌IFN-γ的能力。细胞毒性实验结果显示表位肽P485和P965对MCF-7细胞均有一定的杀伤作用。结论:表位肽P485和P965是优秀的PIWIL2抗原HLAA2限制性CTL候选表位,可能成为新的抗肿瘤多肽免疫治疗疫苗的候选表位。     

Prediction of HLA class I-restricted T-cell epitopes of islet autoantigen combined with binding and dissociation assays

Identification of cognate peptides recognized by human leucocyte antigen (HLA)/T cell receptor (TCR) complex provides insight into the pathogenic process of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We hypothesize that HLA-binding assays alone are inadequate metrics for the affinity of peptides. Zinc transporter-8 (ZnT8) has emerged in recent years as a novel, major, human autoantigen. Therefore, we aim to identify the HLA-A2-restricted ZnT8 epitopes using both binding and dissociation assays. HLA class I peptide affinity algorithms were used to predict candidate ZnT8 peptides that bind to HLA-A2. We analyzed 15 reported epitopes of seven β-cell candidate autoantigens and eight predicted candidate ZnT8 peptides using binding and dissociation assays. Using IFN-γ ELISpot assay, we tested peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from recent-onset T1D patients and healthy controls for reactivity to seven reported epitopes and eight candidate ZnT8 peptides directly ex vivo. We found five of seven recently reported epitopes in Chinese T1D patients. Of the eight predicted ZnT8 peptides, ZnT8(153-161) had a strong binding affinity and the lowest dissociation rate to HLA-A*0201. We identified it as a novel HLA-A*0201-restricted T-cell epitope in three of eight T1D patients. We conclude that ZnT8(153-161) is a novel HLA-A*0201-restricted T-cell epitope. We did not observe a significant correlation (P = 0.3, R = - 0.5) between cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response and peptide/HLA*0201 complex stability. However, selection of peptides based on affinity and their dissociation rate may be helpful for the identification of candidate CTL epitopes. Thus, we can minimize the number of experiments for the identification of T-cell epitopes from interesting antigens.     

Prediction of HLA class I-restricted T-cell epitopes of islet autoantigen combined with binding and dissociation assays

Identification of cognate peptides recognized by human leucocyte antigen (HLA)/T cell receptor (TCR) complex provides insight into the pathogenic process of type 1 diabetes (T1D). We hypothesize that HLA-binding assays alone are inadequate metrics for the affinity of peptides. Zinc transporter-8 (ZnT8) has emerged in recent years as a novel, major, human autoantigen. Therefore, we aim to identify the HLA-A2-restricted ZnT8 epitopes using both binding and dissociation assays. HLA class I peptide affinity algorithms were used to predict candidate ZnT8 peptides that bind to HLA-A2. We analyzed 15 reported epitopes of seven β-cell candidate autoantigens and eight predicted candidate ZnT8 peptides using binding and dissociation assays. Using IFN-γ ELISpot assay, we tested peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from recent-onset T1D patients and healthy controls for reactivity to seven reported epitopes and eight candidate ZnT8 peptides directly ex vivo. We found five of seven recently reported epitopes in Chinese T1D patients. Of the eight predicted ZnT8 peptides, ZnT8_153–161 had a strong binding affinity and the lowest dissociation rate to HLA-A*0201. We identified it as a novel HLA-A*0201-restricted T-cell epitope in three of eight T1D patients. We conclude that ZnT8_153–161 is a novel HLA-A*0201-restricted T-cell epitope. We did not observe a significant correlation (P = 0.3, R = ? 0.5) between cytotoxic T cell (CTL) response and peptide/HLA*0201 complex stability. However, selection of peptides based on affinity and their dissociation rate may be helpful for the identification of candidate CTL epitopes. Thus, we can minimize the number of experiments for the identification of T-cell epitopes from interesting antigens.     

CT抗原KM-HN-1 HLA-A * 0201限制性表位预测及其与HLA-A * 0201结合强度分析

目的通过对CT抗原（cancer-testis antigen）KM-HN-1进行HLA-A＊0201限制性表位预测,并对候选表位肽与HLA-A＊0201分子结合亲和力及复合物稳定性进行分析,为探索基于KM-HN-1的免疫治疗奠定基础。方法利用基于蛋白酶体剪切位点特异性的算法PAProc及基于肽MHC-I结合的算法BIMAS和SYFPEITHI对KM-HN-1进行HLA-A＊0201限制性表位预测．合成KM-HN-1相关候选表位肽KM-HN-I321-329（KLLPFRETV）,KM-HN-I303-211,（FLPTAPPNV）,KM-HN-I629-637。（TLLQIIETV）,KM-HN-I87-95（ILNKSIIEV）,KM-HN-I538-596。（QMMEALDQL）及阳性对照肽HBVcAg18-27（FLPSDFFPSV）;对这些合成肽与HIA-A＊0201分子结合亲和力及其复合物稳定性根据文献报道的方法进行分析。结果KM-HN-I321-329（KLLPERETV）结合亲和力最低,KM-HN—I203-211（FLPTAPPNV）结合亲和力最高,其余3条肽结合亲和力介于2者之间;稳定性实验（DC50）结果显示：KM-HN-I538—546（QMMEALDQL）DC50小于2h,KM—HN-I321-329（KLLPERETV）的DC50介于2～4h之间,KM-HN-I87-95。（ILNKSIIEV）的DC50介于6～8h之间,KM-HN-I233-211（HLPTAPPNV）及KM-HN-I629—633（TLLQIIETV）的DC50均大于8h。结论基于蛋白酶体剪切位点特异性的算法及基于肽MHC-I结合的算法对KM-HN-1进行HLA-A＊0201限制性表位预测,结合候选表位肽与HLA-A＊0201分子结合的亲和力与复合物稳定性实验分析,为该抗原HLA-A＊0201限制性表位的鉴定奠定了基础。     

Identification of novel HLA-A*0201-restricted epitopes from anterior gradient-2 as a tumor-associated antigen against colorectal cancer

Anterior gradient-2 (AGR2) promotes tumor growth, cell migration and cellular transformation and its enhanced expression is almost completely restricted to malignant tissues, thus making AGR2 an interesting target for the development of immunotherapeutic strategies. We investigated whether the AGR2 molecule comprises human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*0201-binding epitopes recognized by human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), which could be targeted in dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer immunotherapy against colorectal cancer (CRC). We reviewed the sequence of AGR2 for peptides that could potentially bind to HLA-A*0201 with the aid of a computer-based program. Five candidate peptides with different binding scores were synthesized and tested. These peptides were then assessed for their immunogenicity to elicit specific immune responses mediated by CTLs in vitro by means of enzyme-linked immunospot assays and CTL assays. AGR2 was highly expressed in several CRC cell lines, including DK01, DLD1, KM12C, HCT-8 and HT-29. DCs pulsed with AGR2-P2 (aa 11-19; LLVALSYTL) or AGR2-P4 (aa 127-135; RIMFVDPSL) generated potent CTLs that could lyse T2 cells pulsed with AGR2-P2 or AGR2-P4 and HLA-A0201(+) AGR2-positive CRC cell lines in a strong dose-dependent and HLA-A*0201-restricted manner. In conclusion, these novel epitopes derived from AGR2 protein may be attractive candidates for DC-based immunotherapy for CRC.     

基于SCORE函数估算HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位亲和性

目的 建立HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位亲和性的定量预测方法。方法基于SCORE打分函数,运用定量构效关系的理论和方法研究了HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位九肽结构与亲和性间的定量关系,并建立了SCORE得分与亲和性的定量关系模型,并用外部样本(5个HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位九肽)作为预测集用于检验模型的预测能力。结果基于SCORE打分函数建立的定量模型具有较好的相关性(r=0．9165,RMS=0．38)和对外部样本的预测能力(rpred=0.9847,RMS=0.135)。结论基于SCORE打分函数,运用定量构效关系研究的理论和方法建立了HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位亲和性的定量预测方法,为实验鉴定高亲和性HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位提供了理论依据。     

氨基酸非键作用指数用于HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位定量预测研究

目的 预测SSX-1和SSX-4抗原HLA-A*0201限制性表位.方法 从分子的三维空间结构出发,基于静电、立体、疏水这三类与生物活性直接相关的非键作用方式,经主成分分析技术(PCA)得到了一种新的分子结构表达方法--氨基酸非键作用指数.利用该指数结合偏最小二乘(PLS)算法对152个HLA-A*0201限制性CTL表位进行了定量构效关系(QSAR)建模,再使用该模型对SSX-1和SSX-4抗原HLA.A*0201限制性表位进行预测.结果 预测出8个活性值大于7的九肽表位.结论 通过对SSX-1和SSX-4抗原HLA-A*0201限制性表位的预测,从而为SSX-1和SSD-4抗原HLA-A*0201限制性表位的实验探测和鉴定打下了基础.